Question 4:
Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH3Cl.
Answer:
Carbon can neither lose four of its electrons nor gain four electrons as both the
processes require extra amount of energy and would make the system unstable.
Therefore, it completes its octet by sharing its four electrons with other carbon
atoms or with atoms of other elements. The bonds that are formed by sharing
electrons are known as covalent bonds. In covalent bonding, both the atoms share
the valence electrons, i.e., the shared electrons belong to the valence shells of both
the atoms.
Here, carbon requires 4 electrons to complete its octet, while each hydrogen atom
requires one electron to complete its duplet. Also, chlorine requires an electron to
complete the octet. Therefore, all of these share the electrons and as a result,
carbon forms 3 bonds with hydrogen and one with chlorine.
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