Agricultural Engineering (AG)

Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrices and Determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values  and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Limit, continuity and differentiability; Partial Derivatives; Maxima and minima; Sequences and series; Test for convergence; Fourier series.

Vector Calculus: Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line; surface and volume integrals;  Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.
Differential Equations: Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms;  PDEs -Laplace, heat and wave equations.

Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression  analysis.

Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; integration  of trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; single and multi-step methods for differential  equations.

Farm Machinery and Power

Sources of power on the farm-human, animal, mechanical, electrical, wind, solar and  biomass; bio-fuels; design and selection of machine elements – gears, pulleys, chains and  sprockets and belts; overload safety devices used in farm machinery; measurement of  force, torque, speed, displacement and acceleration on machine elements.

Soil tillage; forces acting on a tillage tool; hitch systems and hitching of tillage  implements; mechanics of animal traction; functional requirements, principles of  working, construction and operation of manual, animal and power operated equipment  for tillage, sowing, planting, fertilizer application, inter-cultivation, spraying, mowing,  chaff cutting, harvesting, threshing and transport; testing of agricultural machinery and  equipment; calculation of performance parameters -field capacity, efficiency, application  rate and losses; cost analysis of implements and tractors

 Thermodynamic principles of I.C. engines; I.C. engine cycles; engine components; fuels  and combustion; lubricants and their properties; I.C. engine systems – fuel, cooling,  lubrication, ignition, electrical, intake and exhaust; selection, operation, maintenance  and repair of I.C. engines; power efficiencies and measurement; calculation of power,  torque, fuel consumption, heat load and power losses.

 Tractors and power tillers – type, selection, maintenance and repair; tractor clutches  and brakes; power transmission systems – gear trains, differential, final drives and  power take-off; mechanics of tractor chassis; traction theory; three point hitches- free  link and restrained link operations; mechanical steering and hydraulic control systems  used in tractors; human engineering and safety in tractor design; tractor tests and  performance.

Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 

Ideal and real fluids, properties of fluids; hydrostatic pressure and its measurement;  hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surface; continuity equation; Bernoulli’s  theorem; laminar and turbulent flow in pipes, Darcy- Weisbach and Hazen-Williams  equations, Moody’s diagram; flow through orifices and notches; flow in open channels.

Engineering properties of soils; fundamental definitions and relationships; index properties of soils; permeability and seepage analysis; shear strength, Mohr’s circle of  stress, active and passive earth pressures; stability of slopes.

Hydrological cycle; meteorological parameters and their measurement, analysis of  precipitation data; abstraction from precipitation; runoff; hydrograph analysis, unit  hydrograph theory and application; stream flow measurement; flood routing,  hydrological reservoir and channel routing.

Measurement of distance and area; chain surveying, methods of traversing;  measurement of angles and bearings, plane table surveying; types of leveling; contouring; instruments for surveying and leveling; computation of earth work.

Mechanics of soil erosion, soil erosion types; wind and water erosion; factors affecting erosion; soil loss estimation; biological and engineering measures to control erosion;  terraces and bunds; vegetative waterways; gully control structures, drop, drop inlet and chute spillways; earthen dams; water harvesting structures, farm ponds, watershed management.

Soil-water-plant relationship, water requirement of crops; consumptive use and evapo-transpiration irrigation scheduling;  irrigation efficiencies; design of irrigation channels;  measurement of soil moisture, irrigation water and infiltration; surface, sprinkler and  drip methods of irrigation; design and evaluation of irrigation methods.

Drainage coefficient; planning, design and layout of surface and sub-surface drainage  systems; leaching requirement and salinity control; irrigation and drainage water  quality.

Groundwater occurrence confined and unconfined aquifers, evaluation of aquifer  properties; well hydraulics; groundwater recharge.

Classification of pumps; pump characteristics; pump selection and installation.

Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering

Steady state heat transfer in conduction, convection and radiation; transient heat transfer in simple geometry; condensation and boiling heat transfer; working principles  of heat exchangers; diffusive and convective mass transfer; simultaneous heat and mass transfer in agricultural processing operations.

Material and energy balances in food processing systems; water activity, sorption and desorption isotherms; centrifugal separation of solids, liquids and gases; kinetics of  microbial death – pasteurization and sterilization of liquid foods; preservation of food by cooling and freezing; refrigeration and cold storage basics and applications;  psychrometry – properties of air-vapors mixture; concentration and drying of liquid  foods – evaporators, tray, drum and spray dryers.

Mechanics and energy requirement in size reduction of granular solids; particle size analysis for comminuted solids; size separation by screening; fluidization of granular solids-pneumatic, bucket, screw and belt conveying; cleaning and grading; Effectiveness of grain cleaners.

Hydrothermal treatment, drying and milling of cereals, pulses and oilseeds; Processing  of seeds, spices, fruits and vegetables; By-product utilization from processing industries.

Controlled and modified atmosphere storage; Perishable food storage, godowns, bins  and grain silos.

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