NCERT Chapter Notes Class X Science Light – Reflection and Refraction 1

Light is a form of energy, which enable us to see the object.

In this chapter we will study the phenomena of reflection and refraction using the property of light i.e. straight line propagation (Light wave travel from one point to another, along a straight line).

Reflection of Light

When the light is allowed to fall on highly polished surface, such as mirror, most of the light gets reflected.

Laws of Reflection

1. The angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection.

    ∠i = ∠r


2. The incident ray, reflected ray and thenormal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.

Image formed by Plane Mirror (Plane reflecting surface)


1. Virtual (imaginary) & Erect (Virtual ⇒ The image that do not form on screen.)

2. Laterally inverted (The left side of object appear on right side of image)

3. The size of image is equal to that of object.

4. The image formed is as for behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.

Reflection of light by spherical Mirrors

Mirrors, whose reflecting surface are curved inward or outward spherically are called spherical mirror.

For example – Spoon } → The curved surface of shinning spoon can be considered as curved mirror.


If it is curved inward → Act as concave mirror

If it is curved outward → Act as a convex mirror.

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