Loyola College M.Sc. Zoology April 2003 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

 

LOYOLA  COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI -600 034.

M.Sc. DEGREE  EXAMINATION  – ZOOLOGY

first SEMESTER  – APRIL 2003

ZO 1805 / Z  724   research  methodology

09.04.2003

9.00 -12.00                                                                                       Max: 100 Marks

 

 

SECTION A                                (10 ´ 2 = 20 Marks)

Answer ALL questions

  1. What are the advantages of Website in literature collections?
  2. What is Curating?
  3. Distinguish conceptual from emperical research.
  4. What are Tautonyms?
  5. Define international code of Zoological Nomenclature.
  6. Define the term – Null hypothesis.
  7. Distinguish bar diagram from histogram.
  8. What is a holotype?
  9. Mention any two objectives of Research.
  10. Differentiate acclimation from acclimatisation

                                               SECTION B                                (4 ´ 10  = 40 Marks)

Answer any four of the following

 

  1. Explain briefly types of sampling.
  2. What is Berlese Funnel?  Explain its use in collection of arthropods.
  3. Write an account of types in insect taxonomy.
  4. Summarize statistical techniques used in experiments.
  5. Explain the impact of physicochemical parameters in stress experiments.
  6. Bring out the significance of current contents and review volumes in research.

 

             SECTION C                               (2 ´ 20 = 40 Marks)

Answer any TWO of the following

 

  1. Write an essay on preparation of  a manuscript for publications
  2. Describe various methods of collection of insects in the field.
  3. Describe any two types of Taxonomic keys with examples.
  4. Give an account of types of preservation of insects.

 

 

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Loyola College M.Sc. Zoology Nov 2003 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI– 600 034

M.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION  –     ZOOLOGY

FIRST  SEMESTER – NOVEMBER 2003

       ZO 1805/ Z  724  RESEARCH  METHODOLOGY

13.11.2003                                                                                        Max: 100 Marks

1.00 – 4.00

 

SECTION A

Answer ALL the questions                                                        (10 ´ 2 = 20 Marks)

  1. Draw a reference card with an example.
  2. Comment on the importance of the Review volumes in research.
  3. List the major objectives of research.
  4. Distinguish quantitative from empirical research.
  5. Comment on the benefit of website in research.
  6. Distinguish synonym from tautonym.
  7. What is ICZN?
  8. What is meant by curating?
  9. Distinguish histogram from bar diagram.
  10. Distinguish acclimation from acclimatization.

 

Section – B                                              

Answer any four of the following                                        (4 ´ 10 = 40 Marks)

  1. Give an account of ‘types’ used in taxonomy.
  2. Draw a flow chart and explain the research process.
  3. Explain the impact of physico-chemical parameters in biological research.
  4. Summarize various statistical tools used in biological research.
  5. Classify sampling techniques with suitable examples.
  6. Explain the characteristics of internet and its use in biological studies.

              SECTION C

Answer any TWO of the following.                                         (2 ´ 20 = 40 Marks)

  1. Describe various components of a manuscript needed in publication

or a dissertation.

 

  1. Write an essay on methods of collection techniques adopted in

entomological research.

 

  1. What is taxonomic key? List the types and describe in detail  any two models,

highlighting limitation in use.

 

  1. Give an account on methods of mounting insects.

 

 

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Loyola College M.Sc. Zoology April 2007 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

TS 33

M.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – ZOOLOGY

SECOND SEMESTER – APRIL 2007

ZO 2952 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 

 

 

Date & Time: 24/04/2007 / 1:00 – 4:00      Dept. No.                                       Max. : 100 Marks

 

 

Part A                                                 (Answer all)                           10 x 2 = 20

  1. Expand the abbreviations: DBT, ICMR, UGC, TNSCST.
  2. Distinguish biased from unbiased data.
  3. What is central measure of tendency?
  4. What is a reference card? Give a model.
  5. How do you quote a journal and a text book in bibliography. Give examples.
  6. Distinguish research method from research methodology.
  7. Differentiate acclimation from acclimatization.
  8. Define Standard deviation and Standard error with the formulae.
  9. What is meant by citation index?
  10. What are various types of objectives in research?

Part B                                                 (Answer any four)                             4 x 10 = 40

    1. Describe various ethical issues to be adopted in research.
    2. Explain the criteria for preparation of project proposal.
    3. Write an account on principles of IPR.
  • In an experiment on immunization of cattle against anthrax, following results were obtained.

Type                                   Affected                             Not affected

—————————————————————————————————-

Inoculated                                22                                        45

 

Not-inoculated                         44                                        18

—————————————————————————————————-

  1. Calculate Chi-square value (Table value is 3.84 at 5% level of significance).
  2. Give an account on factors related to ethics in research.
  3. Explain the research process with a flow chart.

Part C                                                 (Answer any two)                              2 x 20 = 40

  1. Describe in detail  types of literature referred in research.
  2. Give an account on factors related to ethics in research.
  3. Write an essay on Data analysis.
  4. Write an essay on Preparation of a manuscript for publication.

 

 

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Loyola College M.Sc. Zoology April 2010 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

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Loyola College M.Sc. Zoology April 2011 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

M.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – ZOOLOGY

SECOND SEMESTER – APRIL 2011

ZO 2955 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 

 

Date : 11-04-2011             Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

Part A                                     (Answer ALL)                                                               10 x 2 = 20 Marks

  1. What is called primary literature?
  2. Mention the characteristics of scientific method.
  3. What is called survey and inventory?
  4. Mention the benefits of questionaires.
  5. Differentiate prediction from control.
  6. What is called falsifiability of hypothesis?
  7. Comment on “Baseline data”.
  8. What is called a leading statement?
  9. Comment on “Citation index”.
  10. Mention the importance of online publication.

 

Part B                                     (Answer ANY FOUR)                                                  4 x 10 = 40 Marks

  1. Explain the process involved in revision of draft.
  2. Write an account on “Focus of organisation”.
  3. Explain the requisites of abstract.
  4. Brief the advantages of tabulation and graphical representation.
  5. Enumerate points on non-scientific approach.
  6. Explain briefly the requisites for hypothesis designing.

 

Part C                                     (Answer ANY TWO)                                                    2 x 20 = 40 Marks

  1. Discuss how conception and designing of a research problem is done.
  2. Form an essay on scientific writing.
  3. Write an essay on literature survey and documentation.
  4. What are scientific methods? Explain in detail.

 

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Loyola College M.Sc. Zoology April 2012 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

M.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – ZOOLOGY

SECOND SEMESTER – APRIL 2012

ZO 2955 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 

 

Date : 24-04-2012             Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

 

Part A                                                 (Answer ALL)                                               10 x 2 = 20 Marks

  1. Define “Science”.
  2. Write a note on “Key words”.
  3. What is IPR?
  4. What is indexing?
  5. Differentiate Hypothesis from theory.
  6. What is called non scientific method?
  7. What is called primary literature?
  8. Why abbreviations are used?
  9. Mention the essential requirements of ‘Summary”.
  10. Why observation is essential for research?

 

Part B                                                 (Answer ANY FOUR)                                  4 x 10 = 40 Marks

  1. Enumerate points on “Essential steps in Research”.
  2. Write an account on Research Reading.
  3. List down the importance of Index Cards and Reference Cards.
  4. Enumerate points on the importance of summary and conclusions.
  5. Explain “Plagiarism”.
  6. Explain how preparation of photographs is done in research reports.

 

Part C                                                 (Answer ANY TWO)                                    2 x 20 = 40 Marks

  1. Explain in detail the different systems of citing references.
  2. Form an essay on hypothesis designing and basic principles of experiments.
  3. Write a detailed account on Organising and formatting a research report.
  4. Write an essay of use of figures and tables in thesis preparation.

 

 

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Loyola College M.Sc. Zoology April 2013 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

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Loyola College M.Sc. Zoology Nov 2014 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

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Loyola College M.Sc. Medical Lab Technology April 2013 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

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Loyola College M.A. History April 2014 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

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Loyola College M.Com Nov 2008 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

QB 23

M.Com. DEGREE EXAMINATION – COMMERCE

THIRD SEMESTER – November 2008

    CO 3804 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 

 

 

Date : 07-11-08                 Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

PART-A

Answer ALL questions.                                                        (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

 

  1. Illustrate the objectives of Research
  2. Define the Social Science Research
  3. How do you form a Problem in Research?
  4. Discuss limitations of Descriptive Research
  5. Variables – Explain.
  6. Classify the different types of Research design
  7. What are the different types of Scaling?
  8. Write a short note on Non parametric test.
  9. Explain the term correlation.
  10. What do you mean by Chi – Square?

 

PART – B

Answer any FIVE questions                                                                     (8 x 5 = 40 marks)

 

  1. What is a Research process? Explain the various stages of Research
  2. What are the merits and demerits of Case study approach?
  3. Distinguish between Structured and unstructured Interview.
  4. What are the Merits and demerits of stratified sampling?
  5. Calculate Spearman’s coefficient of correlation between marks assigned

to ten students by judges X and Y in a certain competitive test as

shown below:

S.No.:                                        1      2        3        4        5        6        7        8        9        10

Marks by judge X:  52   53      42      60      45      41      37      38      25      27

Marks by judge Y:         65     68     43      38      77      48      35      35      25      50

  1. The figures given below are (a) the observed frequencies of a distribution, and (b) the

frequencies of the normal distribution having the same mean, Standard Deviation and the total

frequency as in (a).

(a)     1        5        20      28      42      22      15      5        2

(b)     1        6        18      25      40      25      18      6        1

Apply the X2 test of goodness of fit at 5% level of significance.

H0: A normal distribution is a good description of the observed frequencies

H1: A normal distribution is a not a good description.           (Table Value = 9.49)

  1. 1,000 individuals are exposed to a lecture on U.S.A – Iraq war and their response counted both

before and after the lecture:

 

Before Lecture

 

No. Who favoured war No. who disfavoured war  

Total

After No. who favoured 300 100 400
Lecture No. who disfavoured 300 300 600
Total 600 400 1,000

Test at 5% level of significance whether there has been a significant change in people’s attitude towards war. Use McNemar test.    (Table Value = 3.84)

  1. For nine animals, tested under control conditions and experimental conditions, the

following values of a measured variable were observed:

 

Animal No.          1        2        3        4        5        6        7        8        9

Control                 21      24      26      32      55      82      46      55      88

Experimental        18      9        23      26      82      199    42      30      62

 

Test Whether a significant difference exists between the medians, using the Wilcoxon

Signed Rank Test.

 

Let us first write the null and alternative hypotheses as under:

Ho          : There is no significant difference between the median values of control and

experimental conditions.

Ho  : There is significant difference between the median values of control and experimental

conditions.                                     Table Value N= 9 is 6.

 

PART-C

Answer any TWO questions                                                    (2 x 20 = 40 marks)

 

  1. Discuss various approaches to research. Explain the factors that determine the selection of

a suitable approach.

 

  1. Discuss the meaning and importance of scaling techniques in research. With a suitable

example for each explain Likert and Thurstone scaling techniques.

 

  1. A tea company appoints four salesmen A, B, C and D and observes their sales in three

seasons—summer, winter and monsoon. The figures (in lakhs) are given in the following

table using coding methods Rs. 30 lakhs.

 

Salesmen

Seasons         ————————————————————   Season’s

A                B                 C                 D              Total

Summer                36               36               21               35               128

Winter                  28               29               31               32               120

Monsoon              26               28               29               29               112

Salesmen’s Totals    90               93               81               96               360

(i) Do the salesmen significantly differ in performance? Table Value= 1.619

(ii) Is there significant difference between the seasons?  Table Value= 1.417

 

 

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Loyola College M.Com April 2009 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

 LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

KP 50

M.Com. DEGREE EXAMINATION – COMMERCE

THIRD SEMESTER – April 2009

CO 3804 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 

 

 

Date & Time: 24/04/2009 / 9:00 – 12:00  Dept. No.                                                  Max. : 100 Marks

 

 

SECTION: A

Answer All Questions:                                                                                       10 x 2 = 20

 

  • What is Action Research?
  • What criteria should a research problem satisfy?
  • How does questionnaire differ from schedule?
  • Define a hypothesis.
  • What is the rationale of footnotes in a research report?
  • Define Type I and Type II errors.
  • Under what conditions is it appropriate to use a one – tailed test?
  • What is Z test?
  • Mention any two conditions to be satisfied for applying Chi square test?
  • What do you understand by Non – Parametric tests?

 

SECTION – B

Answer any five only:                                                                                    5 x 8 = 40

 

  • Explain the objectives of social research?

 

  • How is research problem selected? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples

 

  • Examine the merits and limitations of experimental approach to research?

 

  • Distinguish between structured and unstructured interview.

 

  • Describe the essential features of a research report.

 

  • What is pilot survey? Explain its usefulness in the context of social research

 

  • Ten students are selected at random from a college and their heights are found to be 100, 104, 106, 110, 118, 120,122,124,126 and 128 cms. In the light of these data discuss the assumption that the mean height of the students of the college is 110cm.

The table value of t at 5% level for 8 df is 2.306 and for 9 df is 2.262 and 10 df is 2.228 for a two tailed test.

 

  • The following data is collected on two characteristics:

 

Particulars                   Smokers          Non – Smokers

Literate                             83                           57

Illiterate                            45                           68

Based on this can you say that there is no relation between the habit of smoking and literacy.

 

 

 

 

SECTION –C

 

Answer any two only.                                                                                        2 x 20 = 40

 

  • Explain the stages involved in formulation of a research project.

 

  • Discuss various approaches to research?

 

  • The following data is relating to the units produced per day by 4 workers in 5 machines of different types. Test whether the four workers differ in terms of mean productivity and test whether the mean productivity is the same for the five different machines.

 

Workers Machine Type
1 2 3 4 5
1 10 9 8 12 10
2 11 9 8 12 10
3 13 10 9 10 11
4 14 9 8 12 12

 

 

  • School children taking coaching in three private schools A,B and C secure the following scores out of 100.

 

No of Children 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
School – A 33 38 39 48 58 70 61 41 45 49
School – B 32 15 87 32 22 63 56 57 44
School – C 55 68 27 88 46 52 76

Test the hypothesis that the students in the three private schools have identical distribution of scores at significance level at 1 %. Apply H test.

 

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Loyola College M.Com Nov 2010 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

M.Com. DEGREE EXAMINATION – COMMERCE

THIRD SEMESTER – NOVEMBER 2010

    CO 3804  – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 

 

 

Date : 03-11-10                 Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

                                                          SECTION-A

(Answer ALL questions)                                                    (10×2=20)

  1. What is research?
  2. What do you understand by objectivity in research?
  3. Who should suggest the research topic? State the reasons for your answer.
  4. What is case study?
  5. What is meant by an operational design?
  6. Should all researches need to have a hypothesis statement?
  7. List out the prerequisites of thesis writing.
  8. State some benefits of using encyclopedias in research.
  9. A study of railway reservations is made for 10 days in the winter season to know if the number of daily reservations is uniform or not. From the following results, find out whether the distribution is uniform.(Apply chi- square test –Table value at 5% significance level is 16.919)

 

 Days                     1           2             3              4              5             6             7             8          9          10
No. of

Reservations        65        80            100           98           75            80           82          70         60         90

 

  1. 1,000 individuals are exposed to a lecture on U.S.A – Iraq war and their responses were

counted  before and after the lecture.(Table value  =  3.84)

Before lecture

Number who favoured war Number who disfavoured war  

Total

 

After

Lecture

 

Number who favoured

Number who disfavoured

 

300

300A

 

100B

300

 

400

600

TOTAL         600          400 1,000

Test at 5% level of significance whether there has been a significant change in the attitude of

the people towards the war.( Use McNemer test)

                                                           SECTION -B                   

(Answer any FIVE questions)                                         (5×8=40)                                                                                                                                                                                                  11. Briefly explain the objectives of research.

  1. List out and explain the types of research design.
  2. Write short notes on the following:
  3. a) Summated rating scale b) Ratio scale c) Nominal scale d) Ordinal scale.
  4. What is hypothesis? What are the characteristics of a hypothesis statement?
  5. Write a brief note on observation technique.
  6. What is a questionnaire? What are the types of questionnaire?
  7. Two groups of high school students of, each containing 8 members, earn the following scores:
A                               19          28          14           23            14           17            12             15
B                               25          23          29           15            27           21            24             20

Do the two groups differ significantly? Apply the sum of Ranks Test.   (Table value at 5% significance

Level: Z= (+) or( –) 1.96)

 

  1. The observed cumulative frequencies ( Fo ) corresponding to given values of X (Upper class

boundaries)  in a sampling experiment, are shown in the following table. The theoretical cumulative

frequencies ( Fe )  from a certain normal population are given below.

 

     Upper Class

Boundary (X)

           Fo                Fe
 

20.5

22.5

24.5

26.5

28.5

30.5

32.5

34.5

36.5

38.5

40.5

 

2

9

24

73

162

300

402

469

505

510

511

 

 

0.6

4.5

20.9

68.5

161.7

287.6

401.4

471.5

500.8

509.2

511.0

 

Use the Kolmogrorov-Smirnov test at 1% level of significance to show that it is reasonable To accept the hypothesis that the population sampled had the normal distribution corresponding to the column  Fe.

 

SECTION-C

(Answer any TWO questions)                                                       (2×20=40)

 

  1. Describe the various steps involved in the research process.
  2. Discuss in detail the guidelines to be followed while conducting an interview.
  3. Mercy Tea Store has three shops at three locations in the city. The owner keeps a daily record for each location of the three number of customers who actually make a purchase. A sample of the data is as follows. Using the Kruskal-wallis test, Can you say at 5% level of significance that the shops      have the same number of customers who buy?(Table value =5.991)

 

           Location-A            Location-B         Location-C
 

99

64

101

85

79

88

97

95

90

100

 

 

83

102

125

61

91

96

94

89

93

75

 

 

89

98

56

105

87

90

87

101

76

89

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Loyola College M.Com Nov 2012 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

M.Com. DEGREE EXAMINATION – COMMERCE

THIRD SEMESTER – NOVEMBER 2012

CO 3804 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 

 

Date : 06/11/2012            Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

 

SECTION-A

Answer ALL questions:                                                                                                                 (10×2=20)

 

  1. What do you mean by alertness in research?
  2. State the uses of review of literature in research.
  3. What do you mean by cause and effect relationship?
  4. What is meant by variable?
  5. How to set a research problem?
  6. What is sample design?
  7. What do you understand by degree of freedom?
  8. What is covert observation?
  9. List out the steps involved in using Median Test.
  10. The theory predicts that the proportion of beans in the four groups A,B,C and D should be

9:3:3:1.In an experiment among 1,600 beans, the numbers in the four groups were

882,313,287 and 118.Does the experimental result support the theory? Apply Chi- square test

at 5% level of significance given the( Table value =7.815)

 

SECTION-B

Answer any FIVE questions:                                                                                                           (5X8=40)

 

  1. List out and explain the criteria of good research.
  2. Briefly explain the classification of research design.
  3. Choose a topic for research and try to construct the objectives and hypothesis statements.

 

  1. What are the aspects to be covered while the following reports are prepared?
  2. a) Bank reports b) Educational reports c) Clinical reports.
  3. What are the guidelines involved in drafting a standard questionnaire?
  4. What is meant by objectivity in research? How to measure objectivity in research? State the

methods available to establish objectivity in research.

  1. Two groups of high school students, each containing 8 members, earn the following scores:
A                       19          28          14           23            14           17            12             15
B                       25          23          29           15            27           21            24             20

 

Do the two groups differ significantly? Apply the sum- of -Ranks Test.   (Table value at 5%

significance level: Z= 1.96)

 

 

 

 

  1. Jeya Tea Store has shops at three locations in the city. The owner keeps a daily record for

each location of the numbers of customers who actually make a purchase. A sample of the

data is as follows. Using the Kruskal-wallis test, Can you say at 5% level of significance that

the shops have the same number of customers.(Table value =5.991)

         Location-A         Location-B     Location-C
 

99

64

101

85

79

88

97

95

90

100

 

 

83

102

125

61

91

96

94

89

93

75

 

 

89

98

56

105

87

90

87

101

76

89

 

 

 

 

SECTION-C

Answer any TWO questions:                                                                                                         (2X20=40)

 

  1. Discuss the steps involved in the research process.
  2. Enumerate the types, merits and demerits of interview method of collection of data.
  3. a)Following are the performance scores of two groups of 13 and 12 executives trained by two

different methods

Method X 20 25 28 30 32 35 40 42 43 45 47 48 49
Method y 19 22 25 29 33 36 41 45 46 48 49 50  —

 

Test the HO   that there is no difference in the effectiveness of the two training methods .Apply

Wald Wolfowitz test at 1% significance level.(Table value= 2.58)                                 (10) Marks

  1. b) A large hospital hires most of its nurses from the two major universities in the area. Over the

last year, they have been giving a test to the newly graduated nurses entering the hospital to

determine which school, if either, seems to educate its nurses better. Based on the following

scores ( out of 100 possible points), help the personnel office of the hospital  to determine

whether   the schools differ in quality . Use the Mann- Whitney   U – test with a 5% level of

significance.      (Table value= 37)                                                                                            (10) Marks

Test Scores

School  A         97       69      73      84      76       92        90        88      84        87        93      —      —
School  B         88       99      65      69      97       84        85        89      91        90        87       91   72

 

 

 

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Loyola College M.A. Sociology April 2006 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download

             LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

M.A. DEGREE EXAMINATION – SOCIOLOGY

OC 33

FIRST SEMESTER – APRIL 2006

                                                  SO 1900 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 

 

Date & Time : 25-04-2006/1.00-4.00 P.M.   Dept. No.                                                       Max. : 100 Marks

 

 

PART – A

Write a short note on the following within 30 words each:           (10×2= 20Marks)

 

  1. Social Research.
  2. Objectivity in Research
  3. Variables
  4. Research Problem
  5. Research Design
  6. Census
  7. Stratified Sampling
  8. Interview schedule
  9. Questionnaire
  10. Applied Research

PART – B

 

Answer any FIVE questions within about 300 words each:         (5×8=40 Marks)

 

  1. What is the procedure to be followed in selecting a research problem?
  2. Explain the objectives of social research.
  3. Explain the types of variables with suitable examples.
  4. Define Sampling and describe the non-probability sampling methods.
  5. What are the qualities of a good interviewer? State the advantages of interview method.
  6. Highlight the role of research design in social research.
  7. State the advantages and limitations of a questionnaire.

 

PART – C

Answer any TWO questions within 1200 words each:                  (2×20=40 Marks)

 

  1. Describe the various types of social research with examples.
  2. How will you use a questionnaire method to collect relevant data?
  3. Explain the different probability sampling methods.
  4. What are the characteristics, sources and importance of hypothesis?

 

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