CBSE Class 2 Science:
The syllabus for CBSE Class 2 is as follows:
- Our environment
- Plants and animals
- My body
- Food, clothing and shelter
- Good habits and safety
- Air, water and weather
- Earth and sky
- Rocks
- Light and shadow
- Institutions that serve us
These topics in detail are below:
- Our environment:
It’s our duty to keep our environment neat and clean. A clean environment is necessary for a neat and peaceful life. Natural environment helps humans and animals to live their day-to-day life. They provide fresh air, vegetables, fruits, water and so on. But due to some bad and selfish attitudes of humans, the environment gets spoiled. Thus, it is the duty of the human beings to take care of our environment by preventing pollution and avoiding deforestation.
The types of pollution which are caused due to humans are:
Air pollution:
Air pollution occurs due to the increased number of vehicles, increased number of waste discharge from the industries, burning plastics and so on. Thus, humans must take step to control air pollution by following ways.
- Instead of burning papers, glass bottles, plastics try to recycle them which conserve energy and reduce production emission.
- Plant at least one tree at your neighborhoods.
- Try to use solar electricity at your homes.
- Choose not to smoke anywhere outside the smoking area.
Water pollution:
Just like air pollution, water pollution is also one of the major threats caused by human beings. Water pollution which are caused due to several factors like mixing chemical wastages from the industries, polluting the ponds and lakes, etc.,
The ways to control water pollution are:
- Do not flush pills, powder medications or any solid waste into your toilet.
- Do not pour oil based foods, fat or cheesy foods stuffs in your sinks.
- Do not dispose any kinds of chemicals, motor oil or other automotive fluids into the sanitary sewer which may end at the river.
Noise pollution:
Whenever the sound is excessive or unpleasant, noise pollution occurs. Loud music, sounds raised by the traffic jams on the roads, electrical appliances sound, etc. are all examples of noise pollution.
The ways to control noise pollution are:
- Planting number of trees around your atmosphere may reduce noise pollution.
- Approving noise producing industries away from the city areas.
- Sound absorption can be done by constructing windows with double or triple panes of glass with sound absorbing material.
Examples:
- What is the role of decomposers in our ecosystem?
Answer: Decomposers decompose dead remains of the plants and animals. This way they channelize the raw materials back to our environment and also reduce the burden of removing the waste dead body away from the environment.
- What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem?
Answer: Ozone is a form of oxygen. Ozone forms the ozone layer in our atmosphere. Ozone layer prevents the harmful ultraviolet rays from sun and thus protects the living beings.
- Plants and animal life:
Plants are the living things which has various parts such as roots, stem, branches, leaves, etc., There are different types of plants such as flowering or non-flowering plants, plants that grow longer or shorter, plants that live for longer period or shorter period, etc.,
Plants prepare their own food with the help of the process called photosynthesis. The main foods for the plants are water, sunlight and healthy soil. Reproduction is of two types in plants. Asexual reproduction takes place with the help of single parent whereas sexual reproduction takes place by the fusion of gametes resulting in offspring. Plants main responsibility to our environment is to inhale harmful carbon dioxide and exhale fresh oxygen. Also, we get various types of foods from the plants such as fruits, vegetables, leafy vegetables, etc.,
Animal life:
Every animal has unique characteristic and feature. The appearance of every animal is different from another. For examples, the body structure and pattern in the skin of cheetah is different to that of zebra. The animals can be of different types and belong to several categories such as
Carnivores:
Animals which feed on another animal for food are called as carnivores. Examples: Tiger, lion, etc.,
Omnivores:
Animals which feed on plants as well as another animal are called as omnivores. For example, Rat, crow, etc.,
Herbivores:
Animals which feed only on plants are called as herbivores. For example, cow, deer, etc., Domestic animals are the animals which are tamed as pets in the households. For example, dog, cat, parrot, rabbit, etc. Wild animals are the animals which cannot be tamed at houses and live only in jungle areas. For example, elephants, tiger, lion, wolf, etc.,
Examples:
- Name any plant that has flowers but no leaves?
Answer: cactus
- Photosynthesis is carried out in which part of the cell?
Answer: Chloroplast
- What is the fastest animal with two legs?
Answer: Ostrich
- My body:
Our body is made up of several organs such as liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, etc which are responsible for individual tasks.
Respiratory system:
The primary organ for the process of respiration is lungs. Lungs take in oxygen and expel out carbon dioxide as we breathe.
Excretory system:
This is a system which releases out unnecessary wastages from our body. Kidneys help in the process of excretion.
Nervous system:
This consists of brain, spinal cord, sensory organs and all the nerves that connect these organs to the rest of the body. These organs control the body and helps in communication among all the parts.
Examples:
- How many chambers does a normal human heart have?
Answer: 4
- In the human body, where is the humerus bone?
Answer: Upper arm
- How long does a missing finger nail take back to grow again?
Answer: 4 to 5 months
- Food, clothing and shelter:
Food is an essential thing for human life. Foods can either be in a solid or liquid state. In order to perform everyday activities, every living being depends upon food which gives them energy to perform any function.
Clothing is also an essential factor for humans which protect them against various types of seasons on earth. For example, cotton keeps the body cool during the summer whereas wool, silk or fur keeps the body warm during winter season.
Shelter is place where humans can be safe and secure. Houses built up with woods, stones and any other material with proper ventilation, proper security is called as shelter. Shelter is a place which keeps the humans warm during winter and cool during summer.
Examples:
- What ingredient makes the bread to rise?
Answer: Yeast
- Which cloth is made from the skin of polar beer?
Answer: Fur
- Name any product that helps us to keep our house clean?
Answer: Broom
- Good habits and safety:
It is important to cultivate safety habits right from the child hood period. Learn the safety tips while crossing the road, swimming, traveling, playing games outdoor and indoor, etc.,
Few safety tips while travelling are:
- Wear seat belt that is provided at the back of your seat. This will keep you safe whenever the vehicle travels in excess speed.
- Always watch the front mirror before overtaking a vehicle.
- Never suddenly turn or reverse the vehicle without indicators.
Few safety tips while Crossing road:
- Look both sides of the road before crossing it.
- Cross the road only when you see “Pedestrain cross” symbol.
Few safety tips while playing games:
- It is always important to wear knee caps and helmets before playing any outdoor game.
- Hydrate yourself sufficiently before start playing since the water content of the body highly decreases while playing.
Examples:
- A crack or break in a bone is called as _____
Answer: Fracture
- State true or false:
- If the arm is broken it is supported by tying a sling.
Answer: True
- Air, water and weather:
Air, water and weather are the essential things for the survival of living organisms. Air is an invisible gaseous substance surrounding our atmosphere. It is a mixture of mainly oxygen and nitrogen. Water is a colorless, transparent, odorless liquid which forms lakes, seas, rivers and is the most essential for all the living organisms including plants, animals and human beings. Weather is a state of the atmosphere which can be hot or cold, wet or dry, clear or cloudy, calm or stormy.
Examples:
- Which gas is found to be highest by volume in air?
Answer: Nitrogen
- Taj mahal is suffering from marble cancer? What is called as marble cancer?
Answer: Acidic rain which corrodes marble
- What is ground water?
Answer: Some of the rain water goes into the soil and this is called as ground water.
- Earth and sky:
This topic covers our earth and our Universe. This covers details about stars, meteoroids, planets, solar system, etc. The Solar system also known as solar family is made up of Sun, nine planets, satellites and other celestial bodies like asteroids and comets. The solar system has sun at its centre and sun keeps the solar family together with its gravitational pull. The planets, comets and asteroids revolve around the sun in different orbits.
The solar system is considered to be about billion years old which is formed from the dust and gas of the ancient solar nebula. There are nine planets such as mercury, venus, Earth, mars ,Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
Examples:
- Which star is at the centre of our solar system?
Answer: Sun
- Which planet is nearest to the earth?
Answer: Mercury
- Which is the largest planet in our solar system?
Answer: Jupiter
- Rocks:
Our Earth is formed with the help of rocks and minerals. Rocks are constantly being formed, worn down and formed again. Rocks break down into sand. The sand along with the decomposed products of animals and plants becomes soil.
The most important thing is, Earth crust is made up of rock. Rocks have been used by the humans for millions of years for making tools, weapons, and other construction materials to make their shelter. There are different types of rocks such as sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks.
Igneous rocks:
When magma cools and solidifies it forms igneous rocks. Examples of such rocks are basalt, gabbro, etc.,
Sedimentary rocks:
Sediments deposited over years often as the layers at the bottom of the lakes and oceans forms sedimentary rocks. Examples of sedimentary rocks are mudstone, sandstone, flint, etc.,
Metamorphic rocks:
Extreme pressure and heat over times are called as metamorphic rocks. Examples of such rocks are schist, granulite, etc.,
Examples:
- What remains of living things does sediments include?
Answer: Rock, shells, bones, leaves and stems
- What is the type of rocks that forms layers?
Answer: Sedimentary rocks
- Light and shadow:
This topic covers the concepts of light, definition of light, how light travels through space, what is shadow, how shadows are formed and so on. Light always travels in a straight line and allows one object to hide another. Light comes from the light source such as sun, light bulbs in our houses and candles. Light is reflected off the object and into our eyes. That is why we able to see them. Shadows are formed when the light is blocked. Light cannot travel through opaque objects such as metal and wood.
Examples:
- Which travels faster sound or light?
Answer: Light
- Which color does yellow and red make?
Answer: Orange
- Institutions that serve us:
There are many organizations and institutions such as post office, hospitals, banks, railway station, bus stop, market, etc. We need all these institutions to lead our day to day life easily. Post office is very necessary to send any posts, letters, telegrams, couriers to our friends and relatives. Banks are also very important for any money transactions, crediting or debiting money, savings of money, etc.,
In railway station, trains serve as the best means of transport for an individual’s daily journey. Similarly, nearby hospitals help us vastly when we are sick. They treat us immediately and help us to become completely alright very soon. Thus, this lesson covers all the important institutions and there valuable service for us.
Examples:
- Pictorial representation asking the students to point out the function of each persons.
Thus, these are the above topics which are covered in the syllabus of CBSE class 2 Science stream.