Akbar the Great in Indian History

Akbar the Great in Indian History:

  • Father – Humayun
  • Mother – Hamida Bhanu Begum
  • Step mother – Magam Anaga
  • Guardian – Bairam Khan
  • First Guardian – Munim Khan
  • Akbar Akbar was born at Amarkot in Sindh in 23 Nov. 1542.
  • He came to the throne on February 14, 1556 at the age of 14 at Kalanur.
  • Hemu the Hindu Prime Minister of Muhammed Adilshah of Bihar occupied Agra and accepted the title Maharaja Vikramaditya.
  • Akbar killed Hemu in the Second Battle of Paniput in 1556 November 2.
  • Akbar became an independent ruler at the age of 18 in 1560, after dismissing Bairamkhan.
  • Later he married Bairam Khans widow Salima Begum.
  • In 1561 he defeated the musician Sulthan of Malwa – Baz Bahadur.
  • In 1562 Akbar married Joda Bhai, the daughter of Raja Bharmal of Amber
  • In 1564, he abolished the religious tax Jaziya. Jaziya was impossed for the first time by Firozshah Tughlaq.
  • In 1572 he captured Gujarat and in memory of that he built a new capital city Fathepur sikri (city of Victory) near Agra.
  • The early name of Fathepur Sikri was city of Sikri.
  • Buland Darwaza is the gate way of Fathepur Sikri, built by Akbar.
  • In 1575 Akbar constructed a prayer house in Fathepur Sikri known as Ibadatkhana.
  • In 1579 he issued the Infallibility Decree by which he made himself the supreme head in religious matters.
  • In 1580 the first Jesuit missionaries arrived at the court of Akbar.
  • In 1585 Ralph Fitch the first English man to reach India, reached Akbar’s court.
  • Ralph Fitch is known as pioneer English man or torch bearer Englishman.
  • In 1582 Akbar founded a new religion for universal peace and monotheism known as ‘Din Ilahi’ means Divine Faith.
  • In 1583 he started a new Calendar called Ilahi Calendar.
  • In 1576 Akbar defeated Maharana Pratap of Mewar in the battle of Haldighat. Haldighat is a mountain pass in the Aravally hills in Rajasthan.
  • The Portuguese introduced tobacco for the first time in India in the court of Akbar in 1604.
  • Akbar was the Mughal Emperor when the English East India Company was being founded in 1600 December 31.
  • Akbar died in 1605.
  • His tomb is situated at Sikhandra near Agra.
  • Akbar was an illiterate person, but he was a patron of men of eminence. He maintained a Scholastic Assembly in his court. They included the following personalities.
  • Abul Fazal : Akbar’s court historian who wrote Akbar’s biographical works Ain-i-Akbari and Akbar Namah.
  • Abul Faizi : Persian poet and brother of Abul Fazal. He translated Mahabharata into Persian in name ‘Razam Namah’ and Bhaskaracharya’s mathematical work Leelavati into Persian.
  • Mian Tansen : His original name was Ram Thanu Pande. He was the court Musician of Akbar. He composed a Raga, Rajdarbari in honour of Akbar.
  • Birbal : His real name was Mahesh Das. He is the court jester of Akbar
  • Raja Todarmal : RajaTodarmal was Akbar’s finance or revenue minister. He formulated Akbar’s revenue system Zabti and Dashala systems. Raja Todermal also translated Bhagavatapurana into Persian.
  • Maharaja Mansing : Akbar’s military commander
  • Badauni : a historian who translated Ramayana into Persian – Tarjuma -1-Ramayan
  • Tulasidas : Hindi poet who wrote Ramacharitamanas.
  • Akbar’s military system was known as Mansabdari system, which included Ranks from 10 – 7000
  • Akbar was also responsible for the introduction Persian as the official language of Mughals.
  • He divided the Mughal Empire into 12 Subahs (provinces) for the administrative conveniences.
  • Akbar was also the first ruler to organise Hajj. Pilgrimage at the government expense. The Port Cambay in Gujarat is known as the ‘Gate way to Mecca from Mughal India’.
  • Akbar was an accomplished Sitar player.
  • Mughal – Rajput friendly relation began during the period of Akbar.

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