Gupta Empire (320 – 540 AD) in Indian History

Gupta Empire (320 – 540 AD) in Indian History:

  • Gupta Empire was founded by Sri Gupta.
  • Ghatotkacha was the second ruler.
  • Chandra Gupta I was the real founder of the Gupta Empire. He came to the throne in 320 AD.
  • He was the first ruler to adopt the title Maharajadhiraja.
  • He laid the foundation of Gupta Era on 26 February 320 AD.
  • Samudra Gupta succeeded Chandragupta I in 335 AD.
  • The Allahabad Pillar inscription composed by Harisena contains information about Samudragupta’s conquests.
  • Allahabad Pillar inscription is also known as ‘Prayagaprasasti’.
  • Samudra Gupta is also known as ‘Linchchavi Dauhitra’’. (son of the daughter Kumaradevi of Lichchavis)
  • Samudra Gupta is described as ‘Indian Napoleon’ by V.A. Smith.
  • Samudra Gupta composed ‘‘Vahukabita’’ and had the title ‘‘Kaviraja’’.
  • Sanskrit was the court language of the Guptas.
  • India became ‘‘Greater India’’ under Samudra Gupta.
  • Samudra Gupta was an accomplished Veena player.
  • Chandragupta II the greatest of Gupta rulers was popularly known as Vikramaditya.
  • He adopted the title ‘Sakari’ after his victory over Rudradaman II of Gujarat.
  • Fa hein, the Chinese traveller, visited India during his period.
  • The exploits of Chandragupta II are glorified in an iron pillar inscription fixed near Qutub Minar.
  • Chandragupta II adopted the title Vikramaditya as a mark of his victory over the Sakakshatraps.
  • ‘Nine gems’ or ‘Navratnas’ was a famous Scholastic Assembly in the court of Chandragupta II. The members in the Ninegems were – Kalidasa, Kadakarbhara, Kshapanaka, Varahmihira, Vararuchi, Vethalabhatta, Dhanvantari, Ammarasimha, Sanku.
  • Chandragupta II was succeeded by his son Kumaragupta I.
  • Skandagupta Vikramaditya was the last great ruler of Gupta Empire.
  • Skandagupta Vikramaditya was the only hero in Asia and Europe who defeated the Hunas in their glorious period.
  • Vishnu Gupta was the last ruler who died in 570 AD.
  • Mantriparishad assisted the king in administration.
  • Most important Industry of the Gupta period was textile.
  • Period of the Gupta is compared to ‘Periclean Age of Greece’, ‘Augustan Age of Rome’ and ‘Elzabethan Age of England’.
  • Period of the Guptas is considered as the Golden Age in the history of India.
  • Earlier Guptas had their capital at Prayag in Allahabad, later it was shifted to Ujjain by Chandragupta II.
  • The most important officers in the Gupta empire were Kumaramatyas.
  • The royal seal of the Guptas bore the emblem of Garuda.
  • Aryabhatta was the first to treat Mathematics as a separate subject. He wrote Aryabhattiyam. Hebelonged to the Gupta period. Aryabhatta was the first to use Decimal System.
  • Panchsidhanta, Brihat Jataka, Laghu Jataka and Brihat Samhita are the works of Varahamihira.
  • The best specimen of the Gupta paintings are seen at Ajanta caves and the Bhaga caves.
  • The Gupta period marked the beginning of Indian temple architecture.
  • Guptas issued large number of gold coins in India.
  • Guptas largely patronised art and architecture.
  • Guptas patronised the Gandhara school of art, Madhura School of Art and the Andhra School of Art.
  • The Fresco paintings in the Ajanta caves are examples of the art of the Guptas.
  • The chief source of income was land revenue.
  • The position of women declined during the Gupta period.
  • A renowned physician of the Gupta period was Vaghbhatta
  • Nalanda and Taxila were the two universities of this period.
  • Kalidasa is generally called ‘‘Indian Shakespeare’ and the ‘Prince of Indian Poets’.
  • Patanjali founded ‘Yoga Shastra’, a school of Hindu philosophy during this period.

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