Chapter 4 : Cloze Test/Passages
Directions (Q. Nos. 1 to 10) In the following passage there are ten blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested. One of which best fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.
Economic growth figures for the first quarter of this financial year seem to support the claim that the worst may be over for the Indian economy. The gradual revival is also an indication that the government’s economic stimulus package is (1) What could, however, upset the positive outlook is the drought which (2) large parts of the country and its impact on overall growth. Even though the monsoon had picked up (3) the rains received were grossly (4) There are clear (5) that farm output, particularly cereals, will fall drastically. Insufficient rain is bound to shoot up the (6) of agricultural commodities and that would impact the economy as a whole. The drought would also (7) a drastic reduction in rural employment and consumption besides inflation in the prices of food articles.
Food prices have been (8) since the past few months, and lower agricultural production is likely to (9) the situation. The government has said that food grain from the buffer stocks will be used to keep prices (10) Subsidized food grain in necessary in these times, but its effectiveness depends a lot on the distribution system.
1. (1) failing (2) working (3) weakening (4) impractical (5) ambiguous
2. (1) exposed (2) reverted (3) altered (4) strike (5) affected
3. (1) presently (2) meagerly (3) later (4) unseasonably (5) unfavorably
4. (1) missing (2) ample (3) atrocious (4) inadequate (5) enough
5. (1) reasons (2) results (3) indications (4) contradictions (5) advices
6. (1) prices (2) yield (3) labour (4) production (5)requirement
7. (1) result (2) contribute (3) dampen (4) trigger (5) lead
8. (1) stable (2) increasing (3) decreasing (4) improving (5) balanced
9. (1) smoothen (2) improve (3) challenge (4) aggravate (5) amend
10. (1) maximum (2) growing (3) down (4) unprofitable (5) futile
Directions (Q. Nos. 11 to 20) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
The World Diabetes Congress has determined that India has the largest number of diabetics in the world. Apart from the loss of productivity, the (11) burden ‘is alarming — $2.8 billion annually. Sedentary jobs (12) of electronic entertainment, changing diet patterns and (13) dependence on automobiles have driven the activity (14) of Indians’ lives especially in cities.
The (15) is, therefore, to make people physically (16) and requires interventions which impact a large (17) of the population. Admittedly physical activity is a (18) of choice and is strongly driven by (19) preferences. But policymaking needs to shift to (20) moderate levels of physical activity in the daily lives of people. One way to accomplish this is to create walkable communities that give residents a variety of destinations within a walking distance.
11. (1) economic (2) finance (3) subsidy (4) physical (5) health
12. (1) broadcast (2) spread (3) prevalent (4) expand (5) widespread
13. (1) totally (2) entirely (3) grown (4) mutual (5) increasing
14. (1) most (2) out (3) from (4) through (5) outside
15. (1) ultimatum (2) hazard (3) sensitivity (4) challenge (5) dispute
16. (1) equip (2) built (3) active (4) trained (5) qualified
17. (1) section (2) scale (3) degree (4) percent (5) piece
18. (1) want (2) matter (3) scarcity (4) right (5) lack
19. (1) showing (2) given (3) special (4) personal (5) individually
20. (1) pursuit (2) indulge (3) introduce (4) insist (5) attract
Directions (Q. Nos. 21 to 30) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
The (21) of India as an economic superpower is not reflected in the (22) of life enjoyed by its 1.2 billion citizens according to the Human Development Index which (23) India very low among 182 countries. In our performance oriented world, measurement issues have taken an (24) importance as what we measure affects what we do. In fact the French President has established an international commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress –owing to his (25) and that of others with the current state of statistical information about the economy and society.
The big questions concerns (26) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) provides a good measure of living standards. In many cases GDP statistics seem to (27) that the economy is doing far better than most citizens feel it is. Moreover the focus on GDP creates conflicts, while political leaders are told to maximize it, citizens also demand that (28) be paid to enhancing security, reducing air, water and noise pollution all of which actually (29) GDP growth, Statistics are (30) to summarise what is going on in our complex society, it is therefore obvious that we can’t reduce everything to a single number-GDP.
21. (1) tribute (2) pursuit (3) perception (4) conversion (5) title
22. (1) loss (2) quality (3) spirit (4) span (5) joy
23. (1) counted (2) scored (3) qualified (4) regard (5) ranked
24. (1) negligible (2) great (3) unduly (4) trivial (5) considerably
25. (1) obedience (2) confidence (3) belief (4) dissatisfaction (5) compliance
26. (1) that (2) unless (3) because (4) against (5) whether
27. (1) suggest (2) recommend (3) think (4) point (5) refer
28. (1) compensation (2) respect (3) debt (4) attention (5) expense
29. (1) recover (2) lower (3) attain (4) decline (5) shrunk
30. (1) inferred (2) difficult (3) interpret (4) reveal (5) intended
Directions (Q. Nos. 31 to 40) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.
As the temperature (31) during the summer season, many households turn to air conditioners to keep them cool. Air conditioners which were once regarded as a residential luxury have now become a (32) Enjoying a cooler atmosphere during hot weather is not the only benefit of using the air conditioner. A household, a vehicle, or a building becomes cleaner and safer for breathing as air conditioning also (33) the growth and spread of harmful microorganisms.
However, along with the benefits, some disadvantages are also (34) with it. One of the most controversial topics attached to the subject of air conditioning deals with some of the materials that are used to produce the cooling affect-Fluorocarbons. These refrigerants (35) to global warming and are (36) as one of the main ways in which air – conditioning (37) the environment. Fluorocarbon refrigerants also add to the problems concerning ozone layer depletion.
While air conditioning provides a temporary relief and makes heat wave more bearable, many questions have been (38) on how much the world will pay in the long run in terms of the environmental damage that it has caused. Today, scientists are (39) on making more environmental friendly products, but for now, individuals are (40) to part with their instant cool during the thick of summer.
31. (1) decreases (2) rises (3) deviates (4) fluctuates (5) varies
32. (1) irreplaceable (2) obligatory (3) certainty (4) necessity (5) redundancy
33. (1) prevents (2) escapes (3) kills (4) removes (5) purifies
34. (1) resulted (2) caused (3) associated (4) influenced (5) created
35. (1) result (2) determine (3) affect (4) outcome (5) contribute
36. (1) attended (2) presumed (3) regarded (4) valued (5) responsible
37. (1) helps (2) impacts (3) decline (4) disintegrates (5) improves
38. (1) thought (2) explained (3) expected (4) interrogated (5) raised
39. (1) trying (2) expected (3) developing (4) working (5) inventing
40. (1) disabled (2) helpless (3) unwanted (4) aware (5) reluctant
Directions (Q. Nos. 41 to 50) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.
The barter system for getting goods and services (41) back many centuries. In most cultures the barter system was used before money was (42) People who had specific items or services would (43) these with others for the things they needed. Good negotiation was the (44) to making good trades. While the barer system (45) based on basic needs, today the barter system continues to thrive. The barter system transcends the monetary system. The barter system is making a (46) today. What makes the barter system even better today than ever before is that it can now be done globally. In the past bartering was simply done with those that were located nearby. Today the barter system can be used in a much more (47) way than ever before yet it carries with it the same basic motivation-the need for something that you don’t have and the excess of something that someone else wants.
The barter system is enjoying (48) interest today. Bartering allows you to get the things you need without having to (49) additional money. Instead you can use the things you no longer need or want to get the things you do need. There are swap markets and online auctions that (50) you to sell or trade your items or to purchase items that you want. Negotiation takes place just like it did hundreds of years ago.
41. (1) discovered (2) dates (3) began (4) started (5) initiated
42. (1) bought (2) imagined (3) began (4) emerged (5) invented
43. (1) buy (2) sell (3) exchange (4) give (5) return
44. (1) important (2) essential (3) result (4) key (5) intention
45. (1) originated (2) stood (3) generated (4) created (5) produced
46. (1) issue (2) comeback (3) withdrawal (4) recall (5) fading
47. (1) primitive (2) appreciated (3) promoted (4) sophisticated (5) better
48. (1) diminishing (2) revival (3) perishing (4) declining (5) renewed
49. (1) expend (2) exchanging (3) expand (4) consume (5) cost
50. (1) insist (2) force (3) allow (4) lure (5) constraint
Directions (Q. Nos. 51 to 60) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Technology (51) lives. But (52) if people want it to. This qualification is important, and (53) to understanding progress. Akio Morita, the founder of Sony, used to make inventions not by writing code but by making minute, detailed studies of (54) people. it is observable that when the relinquished direct involvement in product development at the company in the 1980s. Sony seemed lo lose its (55) of developing a truly radical invention like the Walkman that the world takes to en masse.
However much it seems that machines are in (56), they are not, yet the belief that the technology alone holds the key to (57), the way people work, buy, and do business is strong. The rise of dotcoms in the late 1990s was (58) by a belief that technology was changing the rules of marketing and employee relationships. This is not to say there have been no changes in the new economy but that they (59) to appear where technology makes it (60) for people to communicate with each other, or have been unrelated to the technology. The dynamic is still a human one.
51. (1) makes (2) explains (3) shakes (4) ruins (5) changes
52. (1) seldom (2) only (3) never (4) not (5) occasionally
53. (1) encouraging (2) supported (3) disastrous (4) key (5) primarily
54. (1) when (2) whether (3) how (4) why (5) where
55. (1) knack (2) business (3) plant (4) share (5) profit
56. (1) action (2) operation (3) transition (4) progress (5) control
57. (1) determining (2) highlighting (3) informing (4) encroaching (5) accomplishing
58. (1) underlying (2) disputed (3) accompanied (4) govern (5) successful
59. (1) fail (2) refuse (3) avoid (4) tend (5) cease
60. (1) tough (2) easier (3) awkward (4) essential (5) laborious
Directions (Q. Nos. 61 to 70) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.
Today it is (61) recognized that the 21st century will be driven by knowledge. To (62) the challenges of this century, India needs to usher in a knowledge revolution that (63) to bring about systemic changes in education.
While our economy has made significant strides, the education system has not kept (64) with the aspirations of the youth. The vast disparity in the country today is a result of skewed (65) to knowledge. To address this we need a substantial expansion in educational opportunities, with a special (66) on inclusion of the underprivileged.
At the bottom of the pyramid, steps must be taken to (67) access to quality education. While the government has taken steps to ensure education to all, where it lacks in its efforts is the quality perspective. Being a spirally upward drive, education cannot be (68) to improve at the higher level lest it improves at the very grassroot level. The top of the pyramid, i.e., higher education is also uneven. Students struggle to compete in the exams which (69) a sound knowledge of English. While candidates are expected to travel several kilometers to reach school to obtain any education, the higher education organization often (70) candidates from vernacular media through state-sponsored exams and proudly affirm them a ‘unbaised’.
61. (1) thickly (2) widely (3) ample (4) partly (5) considered
62. (1) adhere to (2) gather (3) cover (4) contact (5) meet
63. (1) sought (2) wanted (3) seeks (4) attempt (5) determined
64. (1) adequate (2) sufficient (3) influence (4) pace (5) ahead
65. (1) access (2) approaching (3) rights (4) infiltration (5) excess
66. (1) aspiration (2) intensity (3) important (4) place (5) emphasis
67. (1) enjoy (2) help (3) provide (4) diminish (5) deepen
68. (1) awaited (2) judged (3) thought (4) expected (5) said
69. (1) demand (2) has (3) consume (4) expects (5) wants
70. (1) discourages (2) disobey (3) contest (4) assume (5) reject
Directions (Q. Nos. 71 to 80) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which best fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Twenty years (71) now, nearly 60% of the world’s population will live in urban areas. The impact of urbanization might not all be positive on India as urban expansion is happening at a much (72) rate than infrastructure expansion.
Sustainability issues need to be (73) so that economic development is not at the (74) of public health. Some urban services that ought to be in (75) in a city like water, electricity, transport, etc, need special consideration.
ERI has put together a detailed report that (76) sustainability in the provision of basic urban services in India cites. (77) public transport is a major reason for the proliferation of private vehicles on the road. Respiratory illness in children living in urban areas is on the (78) with more cases of Asthma being (79) because of pollution. The future of cities of Indian dreams depends on (80) we can build better cities today.
71. (1) till (2) since (3) from (4) after (5) on
72. (1) faster (2) slower (3) changed (4) speed (5) quick
73. (1) speculated (2) believed (3) imagined (4) considered (5) understand
74. (1) payment (2) rate (3) costs (4) charge (5) expense
75. (1) abundance (2) large (3) functional (4) vicinity (5) location
76. (1) bring (2) emphasizes (3) speculates (4) postulates (5) requests
77. (1) Good (2) Competent (3) Absence (4) inadequate (5) sufficient
78. (1) multiplication (2) expansion (3) rise (4) inflation (5) grow
79. (1) produced (2) develop (3) composed (4) resulted (5) reported
80. (1) if (2) whether (3) unless (4) provided (5) weather
Directions (Q. Nos. 81 to 90) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which best fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
On October 2, 1983 the Grameen Bank Project (81) the Grameen Bank. We invited the Finance Minister to be the Chief Guest at our (82) ceremony. But when the Ministry came to (83) that the ceremony would take place in a remote district, they said it would not be an (84) place to launch a Bank and that the ceremony should be (85) in Dhaka so that all the top Government Official could (86). We stood firm and (87) to them that we did not work in urban areas so it made no (88) to have the ceremony in a city (89) we had no borrowers. We had the ceremony in a big open field with the Finance Minister present as Chief Guest. For all of us who had worked so hard to (90) this it was a dream come true.
81. (1) became (2) reorganized (3) merged (4) named (5) converted
82. (1) induction (2) opening (3) closing (4) dedicated (5) inaugurate
83. (1) acquaint (2) reveal l(3) know (4) aware (5) inform
84. (1) obvious (2) excellent (3) available (4) inauspicious (5) appropriate
85. (1) held (2) invited (3) assembled (4) done (5) shifted
86. (1) entertain (2) present (3) accompany (4) attend (5) involve
87. (1) refused (2) apologized (3) told (4) explained (5) denied
88. (1) point (2) difference (3) sense (4) difficulty (5) meaning
89. (1) which (2) where (3) while (4) that (5) however
90. (1) perform (2) obey (3) achieve (4) discover (5) built
Directions (Q. Nos. 91 to 100) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which best fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Sport may be a (91) pursuit for many yet it does define life in all its (92). The (93) of sport lies in enjoying the (94) of the sportsman who weaves (95) patterns on the field to leave the watcher spellbound. Great (96) does not always make a great sportsman. What makes a great sportsman is when that talent (97) itself in times of (98). He has to prove time and again that when (99) of the team is at (100) he is the one to be relied upon.
91. (1) expensive (2) regular (3) unusual (4) significant (5) meaningless
92. (1) hues (2) possibility (3) joy (4)contrast (5) quest
93. (1) demand (2) improvement (3) approval (4) beauty (5) accomplishment
94. (1) skills (2) nature (3) capacity (4) industry (5) cunning
95. (1) perfect (2) sensible (3) simple (4) daring (5) intricate
96. (1) resources (2) practice (3) talent (4) contribution (5) decision
97. (1) possesses (2) contributes (3) transfers (4) expresses (5) retains
98. (1) uncertainty (2) need (3) calamity (4) difficulty (5) encounter
99. (1) dominance (2) endeavour (3) escape (4) winning (5) survival
100. (1) vicinity (2) imbalance (3) stake (4) decline (5) dishonour
Directions (Q. Nos. 101 to 115) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which best fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Many kinds of insects are (101) and large animals learn to (102) eating them. It is in the (103) of these insects to show a (104) flag of some kind. The typical wasp, for example, (105) a conspicuous colour pattern of black and yellow (106) on its body. This is (107) distinctive that it is easy for a (108) animal to remember it.. After a few unfortunate experiences it quickly learns to (109) insects bearing t his pattern. Other, unrelated, poisonous insect species may also carry a similar pattern. They become members of what has been called a ‘warning club.’
The important point for us, in the present (110) is that some harmless species of insects have taken (111) of this system by developing colour patterns similar to those of the poisonous members of the ‘warning club’. Certain innocuous flies, for instance, (112) black and yellow bands on their bodies that mimic the colour patterns of the wasps. By becoming (113) members of the ‘warning club’ they reap the benefits without having to (114) any real poison. The killers dare not attack them, even though they would, make a (115) meal.
101. (1) flying (2) conspicuous (3) vulnerable (4) big (5) poisonous
102. (1) desist (2) adjust (3) prefer (4) avoid (5) nature
103. (1) habit (2) interest (3) goodwill (4) welfare (5) help
104. (1) dangerous (2) ambiguous (3) warning (4) coloured (5) safety
105. (1) reveal (2) paints (3) flashes (4) carried (5) loaded
106. (1) bands (2) pieces (3) paint (4) colours (5) clothes
107. (1) so (2) extremely (3) normally (4) too (5) very
108. (1) bold (2) prey (3) chased (4) predatory (5) hunted
109. (1) hot (2) love (3) approach (4) abstain (5) avoid
110. (1) text (2) premise (3) context (4) day (5) view
111. (1) profit (2) yield (3) disadvantage (4) ride (5) advantage
112. (1) display (2) indicaters (3) announce (4) wear (5) bears
113. (1) unregistered (2) fake (3) honorary (4) sycophant (5) original
114. (1) transport (2) inject (3) posses (4) earn (5) load
115. (1) troublesome (2) delicious (3) indigestible (4) hazardous (5) cheap
Directions (Q. Nos. 116 to 130) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which best fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
With the US military tied down on two fronts and the rest of the world growing ….(116)… to American power, the challenges for Rice are as …(117)… as they have been for any Secretary of State in the past three decades. After six years of tussling with others on Bush’s national-security team, Rice has seen off her rivals and …(118)… as the principal spokesperson for Bush’s foreign …(119)… Her reward has been to …(120)… responsibility for selling a failed policy in Iraq and …(121)… a legacy for Bush at a time when …(122)… in the world are in the mood to help her. “Bush is severely …(123)… and has very little …(124)… or support at home or abroad, “says Leslie Gelb, former president of the Council on Foreign Relations. “That is …(125)… true for his Secretary of State. So they are …(126)… failing around.”
That’s a grim assessment, since the ….(127)… to international order are …(128)… today than at any other time since the end of the cold war. The most immediate source of …(129)… emanates from Iraq, where the country’s civil war risks …(130)… a region-wide conflict.
116. (1) resistant (2) subservient (3) immune (4) cordial (5) indifference
117. (1) obvious (2) trivial (3) superfluous (4) daunting (5) rewarding
118. (1) renamed (2) emerged (3) appointed (4) entrusted (5) visited
119. (1) aid (2) recognition (3) policy (4) acceptability (5) minister
120. (1) shirk (2) avoid (3) transfer (4) visualize (5) inherit
121. (1) focusing (2) framing (3) escaping (4) salvageg (5) demolishing
122. (1) people (2) few (3) diplomats (4) autocrats (5) most
123. (1) intensified (2) master-minded (3) weakened (4) projected (5) supported
124. (1) credibility (2) difficulty (3) majority (4) power (5) enthusiasm
125. (1) not (2) uniformly (3) remotely (4) partially (5) also
126. (1) effectively (2) inadvertently (3) basically (4) aimlessly (5) not
127. (1) admirations (2) threats (3) pleasantries (4) demands (5) accolades
128. (1) louder (2) fewer (3) magnificent (4) most (5) bigger
129. (1) instability (2) fuel (3) energy (4) peace (5) atrocity
130. (1) defusing (2) demolishing (3) terminating (4) igniting (5) extinguishing
Directions (Q. Nos. 131 to 140) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which best fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
A decade ago, a financial crisis (131) Bangkok. During the next fifteen months it swept (132) Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong and Seoul. As Asian countries borrowed and spent beyond their means (133) of thousands lost their jobs. (134) half-built buildings throughout Asian cities (135) as reminders of the shattered hopes not only of distinguished entrepreneurs but also (136) workers. Asia has come a long way during the past ten years-vast economic inbalances no longer (137). However, market crashes are (138) even today and Asia’s best insurance policy to (139) with any future crisis is to build (140) financial systems.
131. (1) occurred (2) hit (3) striking (4) fuelled (5) suffered
132. (1) in (2) upward (3) forward (4) from (5) through
133. (1) tens (2) few (3) approximate (4) several (5) lives
134. (1) Dense (2) Haunted (3) Abandoned (4) Buried (5) Vacate
135. (1) seen (2) pointed (3) showed (4) stood (5) forgotten
136. (1) undeserving (2) incompetent (3) greedy (4) cheap (5) ordinary
137. (1) seen (2) valid (3) exist (4) present (5) there
138. (1) undertaken (2) possible (3) threat (4) reality (5) capable
139. (1) cope (2) combat (3) justify (4) avert (5) accommodate
140. (1) perfectly (2) popular (3) formidably (4) resilient (5) foreign
Directions (Q. Nos. 141 to 150) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which best fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Some of India’s largest companies have begun opening the (141) of what they say will be thousands of new supermarkets across the country in the next few years. At the same time foreign retail chains are (142) to enter the market through joint ventures (143) the Government to change protectionist laws so that they can set up wholly owned chains. The opportunities are (144). Mckinsey Global Institutes estimates that India’s retail market will be (145) $ 1.52 trillion by 2025 and the food and beverage category will account for 25 percent of all retail spending in twenty years. Building new stores to (146) that demand is easy. The difficulty lies in supplying them with fresh, safe and clean fruits and vegetables through a (147) chain that links farms and consumers,, country and cities. It is here that the real revolution lies. Act (148) India has one of the most fragmented supply chains in the world. On an average goods pass through six of seven middlemen before a consumer can buy it (149) in tortuous journeys and poor quality. Replacing that system requires not just building a modern efficient network but (150) it to Indian conditions.
141. (1) economical (2) initial (3) first (4) ideal (5) premium
142. (1) pressing (2) arrived (3) urgent (4) intent (5) pursuing
143. (1) inviting (2) threatening (3) warning (4) campaigning (5) lobbying
144. (1) local (2) immense (3) mysterious (4) remote (5) greatest
145. (1) depleted (2) priced (3) valued (4) worth (5) account
146. (1) create (2) generate (3) experience (4) saturate (5) meet
147. (1) rigid (2) elaborated (3) sophisticated (4) routine (5) flexible
148. (1) moment (2) present (3) current (4) last (5) par
149. (1) investing (2) filling (3) dealing (4) resulting (5) allowing
150. (1) adapting (2) adhering (3) complying (4) adopting (5) attaching
Directions (Q. Nos. 151 to 160) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which best fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
The traditional method of managing credit risk is (151) diversification. Although (152) credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by (153) of diversification (154) on account of limited area of (155). During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assests by way of securitization has (156) in popularity. The market for securitized assets has grown (157) in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the (158) years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most (159) to loans with standardized payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit and receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitization might (160) client relationships. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.
151. (1) by (2) onto (3) for (4) at (5) through
152. (1) watching (2) mitigating (3) taking (4) affording (5) seeing
153. (1) lack (2) supply (3) scarcity (4) void (5) want
154. (1) luck (2) fortune (3) activities (4) opportunities (5) chance
155. (1) place (2) transaction (3) operations (4) dealing (5) work
156. (1) gained (2) sold (3) valued (4) bought (5) profitted
157. (1) gigantic (2) slowly (3) slightly (4) needlessly (5) impressively
158. (1) yesterday (2) futuristic (3) golden (4) coming (5) past
159. (1) desired (2) suited (3) wanted (4) suitable (5) popular
160. (1) kill (2) lynch (3) damage (4) promote (5) burn
Directions (Q. Nos. 161 to 170) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which best fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Most of us are (161) of open conflict and avoid it if we can. And there is a (162) to expressing and working through conflict. If the working through conflict involves harsh word and name-calling, people can feel deeply hurt and relationships can be (163), sometimes permanently. Some group members may be afraid that if they really (164) their anger, they may go out of control and become violent, or that others may do this. These fears can be very (165) and based on experience. So why take the risk? Why not avoid conflict at all costs? Conflict is rather like disease; (166) is best. That means attending to areas where (167) may occur before they become an issue. If you have not (168) a conflict happening, your next choice is to treat it early, or hope that it goes away over time, fine. If it (169) then you will still have to handle it, and it is likely to be more (170).
161. (1) aware (2) worried (3) scared (4) careful (5) reckless
162. (1) chance (2) risk (3) challenge (4) measure (5) principle
163. (1) rebuilt (2) involved (3) established (4) maligned (5) damaged
164. (1) regulate (2) control (3) sublimate (4) express (5) minimize
165. (1) real (2) national (3) baseless (4) imaginary (5) exaggerative
166. (1) prevention (2) medicine (3) cure (4) diagnosis (5) prescription
167. (1) consensus (2) stalemate (3) harmony (4) discomfiture (5) disagreement
168. (1) seen (2) prevented (3) expressed (4) ignored (5) induced
169. (1) not (2) hasn’t (3) doesn’t (4) won’t (5) don’t
170. (1) urgent (2) skilled (3) credible (4) serious (5) fraudulent
Directions (Q. Nos. 171 to 185) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which best fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Several studies have (171) that folks who (172) engage in mentally challenging activities – like reading, doing crossword puzzles or playing chess – (173) less likely to (174) dementia later in life. The difficulty comes in figuring out (175) their good fortune is direct (176) of their leisure activities or whether continuing pursuit of those pleasures merely (177) good genes for cognitive function.
A 20-year survey of 469 elderly people living in the Bronx, New York, tried to get to the (178) of this chicken-or-egg question by following subjects who (179) no signs of dementia in the first seven years of the study. The results, which were published in 2003, showed that reading and playing board games or a musical instrument was (180) with a decreased risk of Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia. (181), those with the strongest habits (182) the greatest benefits. Participants who solved crossword puzzles four days a week, for instance, had a 47% (183) risk of dementia than those who do the puzzles once a week.
By the same (184), several studies have suggested that older that older folks who are socially active – (185), for example do volunteer work or attend religious services – have a reduced risk of dementia.
171. (1) done (2) performed (3) found (4) led (5) ensured
172. (1) seldom (2) never (3) absently (4) reluctantly (5) regularly
173. (1) seem (2) have (3) were (4) refrain (5) ascertain
174. (1) cure (2) engage (3) embarrass (4) develop (5) form
175. (1) that (2) low (3) when (4) why (5) whether
176. (1) goal (2) result (3) measure (4) route (5) other
177. (1) encourages (2) reflects (3) enhances (4) engenders (5) threats
178. (1) height (2) cause (3) bottom (4) dilemma (5) anxiety
179. (1) had (2) conceal (3) reserve (4) force (5) accumulate
180. (1) bereft (2) together (3) envisaged (4) associated (5) anticipated
181. (1) Luckily (2) Certainly (3) Intriguingly (4) Unfortunately (5) Obviously
182. (1) targeted (2) demonstrated (3) deserved (4) demanded (5) expected
183. (1) more (2) greatly (3) sharper (4) steeper (5) lower
184. (1) token (2) way (3) analogy (4) example (5) author
185. (1) they (2) always (3) same (4) who (5) many
Directions (Q. Nos. 186 to 195) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate words without changing the meaning of the passage.
In our system, a vast gap (186) the life children lead at school and what they experience outside. The space where they are (187) to learn about life is so far removed from (188) that we might as well ask (189) to buy space suits for their little ones, instead of school uniforms. (190) they read, listen to and copy from the black board is so meticulously deodorized and (191) that it carries no resonance of experienced reality and (192) in life.
The school day becomes a (193) of didactic songs and memorized information. Special (194) are marked by elaborate acts of sycophancy and preaching. School authorities (195) stop talking about values, but ignore the cynicism felt by the young over the high levels of chicanery and verbosity they find in adult talk.
186. (1) occurs (2) separates (3) bridges (4) escapes (5) finds
187. (1) about (2) worried (3) compelled (4) supposed (5) deprived
188. (1) reality (2) school (3) fantasy (4) imagination (5) existence
189. (1) teachers (2) principals (3) schools (4) coaching classes (5) parents
190. (1) When (2) How (3) What (4) Whether (5) Whenever
191. (1) sanctified (2) written (3) emphasized (4) memorized (5) imbibed
192. (1) demand (2) culture (3) miseries (4) joy (5) applicability
193. (1) programme (2) ritual (3) consult (4) tradition (5) store
194. (1) persons (2) leaders (3) locations (4) occasions (5) indications
195. (1) always (2) deliberately (3) seldom (4) relentlessly (5) invariably
Directions (Q. Nos. 196 to 210) In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are again printed below the passage and against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Though I had hired cabins in Bandra and a house in Andheri, divinity would not let me settle down. (196) had I moved into my new house when my brother Balmukund, who had already been through an (197) attack of jaundice some years back, had a (198) attack of typhoid, (199) with pneumonia and signs of restlessness at night. The doctor was (200) in. He said medicine would have (201) effect, but eggs and chicken both might be given. Balmukund was only five years old. To confer with his wishes was out of the questions. Being his (202) I had to (203). The doctor was very good. I told him that we were all vegetarians and that I could not possibly give either of the two things to my brother. Would he therefore (204) something else ? “Your brother’s life is in danger,” said the (205) doctor. “We could given him milk diluted (206) water, but that will not given him enough (207) As you know, I am called in by many vegetarian families, and they do not (208) to anything I (209). I think you will be well advised not to be so (210) on your brother.”
196. (1)Then (2) Hardly (3) Wherever (4) Quicker (5) Why
197. (1) heart (2) big (3) acute (4) hard (5) harsh
198. (1) unforgiving (2) hard (3) burly (4) severe (5) tough
199. (1) couple (2) felt (3) combined (4) joint (5) adjoining
200. (1) brought (2) called (3) invited (4) sent (5) commissioned
201. (1) negligent (2) soothed (3) rough (4) little (5) deep
202. (1) doctor (2) attendant (3) nurse (4) forefather (5) guardian
203. (1) plead (2) hide (3) pressurize (4) decide (5) proceed
204. (1) resolve (2) order (3) observe (4) diagnose (5) recommend
205. (1) casual (2) good (3) surgeon (4) handsome (5) insincere
206. (1) with (2) for (3) at (4) upon (5) in
207. (1) dose (2) drug (3) intake (4) nourishment (5) punishment
208. (1) oppose (2) protest (3) subject (4) care (5) object
209. (1) oppose (2) take (3) prescribe (4) describe (5) propose
210. (1) harsh (2) unkind (3) easy (4) wise (5) careful
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