Passage and Conclusion Test
Directions (Q. Nos. 1 to 5) Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences, which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage and decide upon its degree of truth or falsity.
Mark answer (1) if the inference is ‘definitely true’, ie, it properly follows from the statement of facts given.
Mark answer (2) if the inference is ‘probably true’, though not ‘definitely true’ in the light of the facts given.
Mark answer (3) if the ‘data are inadequate’, ie, from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false.
Mark answer (4) if the inference is ‘probably false’, though not ‘definitely false’ in the light of the facts give.
Mark answer (5) if the inference is ‘definitely false’, ie, it cannot possibly be drawn from the facts given or it contradicts the given facts.
Passage 1
There has been considerable debate in India regarding the privatization of higher education. In this debate, there is generally an implicit assumption that privatization is essentially the same as corporatization, ie, private investment comes due to the potential of returns. In the higher education field, privatization and corporatization are actually quite different. Privatization is regarding who controls the educational institute and the role of government in the management and funding of the institute, while corporatization is about making profits. In India, there is no doubt that private not-for-profit universities need to be encouraged to increase education opportunities and the fact that there is no other alternative as the government simply cannot create enough public universities to satisfy the demand. However, guidelines for private not-for-profit universities should be made clear, simple and transparent to ensure that they are truly not for profit and offer a level playing field to all those who might want to set up a private university.
1. Privatization of higher education has yet to take proper shape in India.
2. Expansion of higher education opportunities in India is needed to meet the increasing demand.
3. Corporatization of higher education has benefited the students in the developed countries.
4. Privatization of higher education will lead to commercialization of education in India.
5. India does not have any extant guidelines for setting up higher educational institutions by private entities.
Directions (Q. Nos. 6 to 10) Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences, which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage and decide upon its degree of truth or falsity.
Mark answer (1) if the inference is ‘definitely true’, ie, it properly follows from the statement of facts given.
Mark answer (2) if the inference is ‘probably true’, though not ‘definitely true’ in the light of the facts given.
Mark answer (3) if the ‘data are inadequate’, ie, from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false.
Mark answer (4) if the inference is ‘probably false’, though not ‘definitely false’ in the light of the facts given.
Mark answer (5) if the inference is ‘definitely false’, ie, it cannot possibly be drawn from the facts given or it’ contradicts the given facts.
Passage 2
Between 2002-03 and 2006-07, Indian economy grew annually at 8.7% led by the services sector at 9% per year. In 1990, India’s share of services at 40% of GDP was consistent with its per capita income for low-income country. By 2001, its share of one-half of the GDP was higher by five percentage points, compared to the average for low-income countries. Economic reforms that energized the private corporate sector and technological changes that opened up new vistas in telecommunications, IT and outsourcing are believed to be responsible for the impressive performance. However, the services-led growth remains a puzzle at a low per capita income, with 55% of the workforce still engaged in agriculture and when agriculture decelerated and industry stagnated-defying a styled fact in economies.
6. Share of services sector in India’s GDP crossed the halfway mark in early 2000.
7. India has now emerged as a high per capita income country.
8. Growth in India’s services sector post-2005 is more than 9 per cent.
9. In early nineties, the share of services sector in GDP for low per capita income group of countries was about 40 per cent.
10. Less than half of total workforce is engaged in agricultural sector in India.
Directions (Q. Nos. 11 to 15) Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences, which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage and decide upon its degree of truth or falsity.
Mark answer (1) if the inference is ‘definitely true’, ie, it properly follows from the statement of facts given.
Mark answer (2) if the inference is ‘probably true’, though not ‘definitely true’ in the light of facts given.
Mark answer (3) if the ‘data are inadequate’, ie, from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false.
Mark answer (4) if the inference is ‘probably false’, though not ‘definitely false’ in the light of the facts given.
Mark answer (5) if the inference is ‘definitely false’ ie, it cannot possibly be drawn from facts given or it contradicts the given facts.
Passage 3
A fundamental global trend now a days is the growing natural resources scarcity. Oil and natural gas prices have roared in recent years. This year, food prices have also skyrocketed causing hardships among the poor and large shifts in income between countries and between rural and urban areas. The most basic reason for the rise in natural resource prices is strong growth, especially in China and India, which is hitting against the physical limits of land, timber, oil and gas reserves and water supplies. Thus, wherever nature’s goods and services are traded in markets (as with energy and food), prices are rising when they are not traded in the markets (as with clean air), the result is pollution and depletion rather than higher prices. There are many reasons for the dramatic increase in world food prices, but the starting point is increasing food consumptions again strongly powered by China’s economic growth. China’s population is earning more notably more meat, which in turn requires the importation of higher volumes of animal feed made from soyabeans and maize. Moreover, rising world energy prices has m ad food production more costly, since it requires large energy inputs for transport, farming and fertilizers. At the same time, rising energy prices create a strong incentive for farmers to switch from food production to fuel production.
11. Ever increasing consumption of food articles by world population is pushing up the world food prices beyond expectations.
12. Farmers get more returns by producing food articles than by producing raw material for fuel production.
13. China’s food production is less than its total domestic requirements.
14. Non-tradable natural resources are being indiscriminately contaminated by the thoughtless use of less environment friendly activities.
15. Countries other than China and India produce enough food and energy within their countries.
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