LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
M.A. DEGREE EXAMINATION – ENGLISH LITERATURE
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THIRD SEMESTER – NOV 2006
EL 3806 – LINGUISTICS – II
(Also equivalent to EL 3801)
Date & Time : 01-11-2006/9.00-12.00 Dept. No. Max. : 100 Marks
PART A
- Attempt any TWO. (2 X 10 = 20)
- a) Write short notes on any FIVE:
- A) Phoneme B) Diphthongs C) Weak forms
- D) Syllable E) Juncture F) Nasals
- b) Give a detailed description of the production and articulation of plosives of English.
- c) Discuss the rules governing accentual patterns in English.
- d) Transcribe the following phonemically:
Ticket Examiner :Good morning. Father Gordon. Travelling far?
Father Gordon :Ah good morning Mr.Prabhu .How are you?
T.E :I’m very well,thank you. I always remember you as one of my best teachers. Do you remember , Father, that you taught me English In Loyola College, Madras, in 1952?
Father :Of course I do. I even remember your name. Are you still working for the Railways?
T.E :I am. In fact I’m on duty now. Incidentally May I have your ticket, Father?
Father :Certainly. Wait a second and I’ll show it to you.
Oh dear. It’s not in my pocket. Let me check again. Dear me! No luck
- Mark stress and intonation in the following: (15 marks)
Raju : Good morning Mr.Bharadwaj. How are you this morning?
Bharadwaj : Good morning. I’m very well. Thank you. I’m afraid we haven’t had the pleasure of meeting each other before, but still you seem to know me.
Raju : As a candidate for the forthcoming Local Body Elections, I ought to know all the voters in my Ward.
Bharadwaj : Oh, that’s it, is it? So you hope to become a Councillor
Raju : With your support, I am sure I will. May I appeal to you to cast your
vote in my favour? My name is Raju and I belong to the People’s Party.
III. Give an appreciation of the passage and show how the structural equivalence can condition meaning. (15 marks )
The Ganges, though flowing from the foot of Vishnu and through Siva’s hair, is not an ancient stream. Geology, looking farther than religion, knows of a time when neither the river nor the Himalayas that nourished it existed, and an ocean flowed over the holy places of Hindustan. The mountains rose, their debris silted up the ocean, the gods took their seats on them and contrived the river, and the India we call immemorial came into being. But India is really far older. In the days of the prehistoric ocean the southern part of the peninsula already existed, and the high places of Dravidia have been land since land began, and have seen on the one side the sinking of a continent that joined them to Africa, and on the other the upheaval of the Himalayas from a sea.
PART B
IV Write an essay on ONE of the following in about 400 words (20 marks)
- Explain the different features of Cohesion
- Explain the relationship between implicature and Cooperative Principle
V answer any THREE of the following in about 150 words each (3 x 5 = 15 marks)
- What is transactional function of a language?
- What is ordinary language philosophy?
- Write a short note on optionality
- How is force connected with sense in interpreting meaning?
- Explain any one maxim of Cooperative Principle.
- Explain with suitable examples modesty maxim.
VI Read the following piece of discourse and answer the questions given below
(3 x 5 =15 marks)
Why is there such a bad situation? Should not the Dalit students get education at all? The governing and the ruling class have created a wicked system that the Dalits or any one from the marginalised sections cannot/should not get educated at all. They do not want the Dalits to get empowered and demand their rights and get the due share in the development process. So structural difficulties like the non-accessibility to the basic needs have been created for the Dalit parents and children so that their prime and precious time is spent on doing the daily mundane and routine work. The fathers spend most of their time in working as daily coolies earning a meager income and striving hard to make both ends meet, while the mothers spend most of their time walking a few kilometers to fetch one pot of drinking water and to collect one bundle of firewood. Most of the Dalit houses cannot afford to have electricity thereby abandoning the children to the mercy of streetlights that do not work most of the time. Tables and chairs are grand luxuries for most of the Dalit students. The same ‘waste your time like your parents’ concept is pushed into the Dalit children also, when they should be preparing for their examination without any tension and worry.
Added to this, there are different types of school education; CBSC, ISC, Anglo Indian Board, Matriculations, State Board etc. Except the state board all the other types of education are ‘pay and get educated’. As these are not economically viable for the poor, especially the Dalits, most of the Dalit students join the state board schools and everyone knows what is the type/quality of education that is given through these type of schools. As the government supports these schools, the fee is minimum and the government supplies text books, notebooks, uniform and midday meal. Very few schools do something which gives a semblance of education.
- Identify Exophoric and Endophoric references in the passage and explain how they help in achieving cohesion.
- Explain the field, Mode and Tenor of the passage.
- What are the elements of Speech Act and explain their significance
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