LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

M.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – CHEMISTRY

GH 37

SECOND SEMESTER – APRIL 2008

CH 2952 – NUCLEAR AND RADIO CHEMISTRY

 

 

 

Date : 29-04-08                  Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 1:00 – 4:00

 

Part A

Answer the following:                                                                     10 x 2 = 20 marks

1. What are magic numbers? What is its significance?
2. What is the difference between sub-atomic particles and basic particles?
3. Why are electrons not found in the nucleus?
4. Why is γ- rays emitted in all nuclear processes?
5. When does emission of X-rays occur from nucleus?
6. What are primary radiolytic products? How are they significant?
7. Explain Szillard Charmer’s process. What is its application?
8. What are stellar reactions?
9. What are synthetic elements?
10. What are thermal neutrons?

Part B

 Answer any EIGHT of the following:                                           8 x 5 = 40 marks

11. What are mesons? How do they stabilize the nucleus?
12. Calculate density of ²⁰Ne nucleus. What is inferred from the value of the density?
13. Account for the following:

(a) Halogens have isotopes with alternate mass numbers. (b) Helium, oxygen and calcium have very few isotopes.

14. Explain decay constant and half-life of a nucleus. Calculate these factors for a process, in which 30% completion was observed in 45 min.
15. What are the limitations of shell model?
16. Explain β⁺ emission and electron capture. How are they related to each other?
17. Explain principle of scintillation counters and their classification
18. Explain energy tapping by nuclear fusion? Why is this process useful for destructive purposes only?
19. What is meant by carbon dating? What are its applications?
20. Explain the working principle of charged particle accelerators.
21. Why is nuclear pollution of hydrosphere considered most dangerous?
22. What is neutron diffraction? What are its advantages and disadvantages?

 

Part C

 Answer any FOUR of the following:                                                4 x 10 = 40 marks

 

23. Discuss the concept of mass defect and binding energy. How is the factor ‘binding energy per nucleon’ useful to predict the stabilities of a nucleii?
24. How does liquid drop model explain various spontaneous processes of an unstable nucleus?
25. Discuss the mechanism of radiolysis of water.
26. Explain the plot of signal size to applied potential obtained in an ion chamber. Also mention the suitable counters in each region.
27. Write an essay on breeder reactors with special reference to working principle and
28. How are solvated electrons produced? Discuss models available for their stabilities.

 

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