SOCIOLOGY
PAPER – II
Note : This paper contains hundred (100) objective type questions of two (2) marks each. All questions are compulsory.
1. From among the following who has contended that individuals who could not fit in did not deserve to flourish ?
(1) Auguste Comte
(2) Herbert Spencer
(3) Emile Durkheim
(4) Max Weber
2. Which sociological perspective assumes that “most human gratification is derived from the actions of other humans” ?
(1) Symbolic interactionist
(2) Exchange
(3) Exploitative
(4) Structural
3. Which of the following is not a feature of community ?
(1) Specific locality
(2) Historical heritage
(3) A social, religious, occupational or other groups sharing common characteristics
(4) Small patches of localities spread over many areas
4. Learned and shared cultural products that justify certain type of behaviour in a given society are known as :
(1) Norm
(2) Value
(3) Culture
(4) Custom
5. In a social setting if people assume that their own culture, group and behaviour are superior to those of others then it is known as :
(1) Ethnocentrism
(2) Xenocentrism
(3) Selfcentrism
(4) Nationalism
6. A set of beliefs and values that radically reject the society’s dominant culture and prescribe an alternative one is called :
(1) Sub culture
(2) Idioculture
(3) Counter culture
(4) Cultural complex
7. A person is a school teacher, he is Vice Principal, member of a local club and President of the village panchayat. All these positions together constitute his :
(1) Status
(2) Status set
(3) Multiple statuses
(4) Status sequence
8. Who has given a structural theory of role conflict ?
(1) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
(2) R.K. Merton
(3) Talcott Parsons
(4) G.P. Murdock
9. Who has considered that social structure is made up through the internal structure of roles ?
(1) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
(2) R.K. Merton
(3) R. Linton
(4) S.F. Nadel
10. Who has given ‘abridging the role relationships’ as a mechanism of articulation of roles in the role set ?
(1) Talcott Parsons
(2) S.F. Nadel
(3) C. Levi-Strauss
(4) R.K. Merton
11. The classification of groups into monad, dyad and triad is attributed to :
(1) P.A. Sorokin
(2) G. Simmel
(3) W.G. Sumner
(4) G. Hasen
12. Which one of the following is incorrect match ?
(1) Sumner – In-group and Out-group
(2) Mead – Significant others
(3) Giddings – Horizontal and Vertical Groups
(4) Cooley – Primary and Secondary Groups
13. Who has defined classes as occupational groups created by division of labour and maintained by heredity ?
(1) Karl Marx
(2) G. Schmoller
(3) E. Durkheim
(4) G. Friedmann
14. Anticipatory socialization takes place due to which one of the following ?
(1) Family behaviour
(2) Schooling behaviour
(3) Play group behaviour
(4) Reference group behaviour
15. Who accounts for the emergence of the state by differentiation into social classes within the community ?
(1) F. Oppenheimer
(2) Karl Marx
(3) Peter M. Blau
(4) Max Weber
16. ‘One fact that stands out, beyond all others, is that everywhere the husband, wife and immature children constitute a unit, apart from the remainder of the community’. Who said this ?
(1) R.H. Lowie
(2) K.M. Kapadia
(3) K. Davis
(4) G.P. Murdock
17. Which one of the following processes is considered equivalent to socialization ?
(1) Acculturation
(2) Accommodation
(3) Enculturation
(4) Mobilization
18. The process involved in becoming an adult social being, with focus on childhood, is called :
(1) Primary Socialization
(2) Secondary socialization
(3) Re-socialization
(4) Anticipatory socialization
19. Who among the following formulated the theory of middle class within the Marxian framework ?
(1) R. Collins
(2) L.A. Coser
(3) R. Dahrendorf
(4) G. Simmel
20. Who has classified social mobility into two ways : ‘’Social climbing” and “Social sinking” ?
(1) P.M. Blau
(2) S.M. Miller
(3) P.A. Sorokin
(4) S.M. Lipset
21. ‘X’ is a clerk in an office, his father was a police inspector and his grandfather was a judge.
What kind of change is this ?
(1) Horizontal mobility
(2) Vertical mobility
(3) Vertical downward mobility
(4) Vertical upward mobility
22. Among the following who has reconciled with the functional and conflict theory of stratification ?
(1) Celia S. Heller
(2) Joseph T. Howell
(3) G. Lenski
(4) Wilbert E. Moore
23. Who among the following has considered that history fluctuates between two kinds of culture-sensate and ideational during the phase of social change ?
(1) Comte
(2) Spencer
(3) Hobhouse
(4) Sorokin
24. Match List-I with List-II.
25. Who has studied the structure of Kinship system of African Tribes : Choctah and Omaha ?
(1) E.B. Tyler
(2) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
(3) Evans Pritchard
(4) B. Malinowski
26. Who is associated with the study of ‘structure of myth’ ?
(1) C. Levi-Strauss
(2) James Frazer
(3) B. Malinowski
(4) A.L. Kroeber
27. According to Durkheim which sequence of modern society is correct ?
(1) differences, high degree of interdependence, high moral density, repressive sanctions, low volume of collective conscience
(2) similarity, high degree of interdependence, low moral density, restitutive sanctions, high volume of collective conscience
(3) differences, high degree of interdependence, high moral density, restitutive sanctions, low volume of collective conscience
(4) differences, low degree of interdependence, high moral density, repressive sanctions, low volume of collective conscience
28. Who among the following contended that not all structures are indispensable to the working of the social system ?
(1) Parsons
(2) Giddens
(3) Merton
(4) Simmel
29. Who among the following assumed that any society is composed of a series of subsystems that differ in terms of both their structure and function which have significance for the whole society ?
(1) Merton
(2) Parsons
(3) Durkheim
(4) Giddens
30. Who among the following has identified four types – simple, compound, doubly compound and triply compound – of societies in their evolutionary stages ?
(1) Herbert Spencer
(2) Auguste Comte
(3) Leonard T. Hobhouse
(4) Emile Durkheim
31. To Mead “the generalised others” and “significant others” are the creators of :
(1) I
(2) Me
(3) Ego
(4) Super-ego
32. Who insisted that the interpretative process and the context in which it is done are the vital elements in the person’s use of meaning and formation itself ?
(1) G.H. Mead
(2) V. Pareto
(3) Max Weber
(4) H. Blumer
33. Who among the following made distinction between two types of conflict, namely, realistic and non-realistic ?
(1) Karl Marx
(2) L.A. Coser
(3) G. Simmel
(4) R. Dahrendorf
34. Considering that conflict and consensus are the two sides of the same coin, who felt that handling both the faces was difficult ?
(1) Karl Marx
(2) L.A. Coser
(3) G. Simmel
(4) R. Dahrendorf
35. What is the correct sequence of the below given steps of flow chart for conducting a research project ?
(a) Formulation of Hypotheses
(b) Review of literature and concepts
(c) Identification and conceptualization of problem
(d) Conclusion and generalization
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
(1) (a), (c), (b) and (d)
(2) (b), (c) (d) and (a)
(3) (c), (b), (a), and (d)
(4) (d), (a), (c) and (b)
36. Which of the following is the correct sequence of disciplines according to hierarchy of Sciences ?
(1) Sociology, Biology, Mathematics and Physics
(2) Mathematics, Physics, Biology, and Sociology
(3) Physics, Mathematics, Biology and Sociology
(4) Biology, Mathematics, Physics and Sociology
37. Who maintained that study of society cannot be value free ?
(1) Durkheim
(2) Marx
(3) Mendel
(4) Weber
38. Which one of the following methods is known as probability sampling ?
(1) A sample selected by Tippets Numbers from the given totality
(2) A sample selected from those who were available
(3) A sample selected considering the purpose of research
(4) A sample selected by considering the various categories of respondents
39. In which one of the following methods the danger of losing sharpness of observation is possible because of too much familiarity ?
(1) Interview method
(2) Questionnaire method
(3) Participant observation method
(4) Observation method
40. Of the following, which perspective facilitates the researcher while maintaining objectivity as an outsider to raise questions about the observed culture ?
(1) Etic perspective
(2) Emic perspective
(3) Case study perspective
(4) Participatory action perspective
41. Which technique is used in the quantitative method on documents to reduce the possibility of impressionistic distortion ?
(1) Content Analysis
(2) Case Study
(3) Questionnaire
(4) Observation
42. Who has developed a variation of ‘life history’ approach called ‘literary folklorist’ ?
(1) Thomas and Znaniecki
(2) Dolby-Stahl
(3) Bertam
(4) Freeman
43. Major credit for introducing case study method into the field of social investigation goes to :
(1) G.W. Allport
(2) Robert Redfield
(3) Oscar Lewis
(4) Fredrick Leplay
44. Validity in social research indicates which one of the following ?
(1) To which extent a measure possesses the quality of being true
(2) A test is thought to measure what it sets out to measure
(3) Both (1) and (2)
(4) None of the above
45. When the same test is completed by the same people on two different occasions, it is called ?
(1) Alternate form reliability
(2) Split half reliability
(3) Test-retest reliability
(4) Double reliability
46. Sum of squares of deviations from a central tendency (e.g. X or Md) is called :
(1) Mean Deviation
(2) Variance
(3) Standard Deviation
(4) Deviation ratio
47. A value in array is such that half the items are above and half below it. This value is called :
(1) Mode
(2) Mean
(3) Median
(4) Geometric Mean
(48 – 50) Read the passage given below :
The ideal type methodology is one of Max Weber’s best known contributions to contemporary sociology. He believed it was the responsibility of sociologists to develop conceptual tools which could be used later by historians and sociologists. Such a conceptual tool was the ideal-type. An ideal type is formed by the one sided accentuation of one or more points of view and by the synthesis of a great many diffuse, discrete, more or less present and occasionally absent, concrete individual phenomena, which are arranged according to those one sidedly emphasised view points into a unified analytical construct. . . . In its conceptual purity, this mental construct . . . cannot be found empirically anywhere in reality. It is essentially a measuring rod helpful in doing empirical research and in understanding a specific aspect of the social world.
Answer the following questions based on your understanding of the above passage.
48. According to Weber which of the following does not contain aspects of ideal type ?
(1) Mental construct, formed by one-sided accentuation, point of view, existing in reality
(2) Mental construct, formed by one-sided accentuation, point of view, can not be found empirically anywhere in reality
(3) Conceptual tool, formed by synthesis of many concrete individual phenomena related to morality
(4) It is a measuring rod helpful in doing research, understanding all aspects of social world
49. Which one is not the purpose of formulating ideal type ?
(1) Helpful in doing empirical research
(2) Facilitating causal explanation
(3) Finding solutions of social problems
(4) Helps in comparative analysis
50. What benefit the social scientist will get if he uses Weber’s ideal type method ?
(1) The method is useful and helpful in doing qualitative research
(2) It’s function is the comparison with empirical reality in order to establish its divergencies and similarities causally
(3) The method can be applied by anybody
(4) Only sociologists can apply this methodological tool
51. According to Alfred Schutz, an aspect of the social world called the ‘Life-world’ is :
(1) An imperatively coordinated association
(2) A social system
(3) An intersubjective world
(4) An objective reality
52. Which of the following perspective focuses on the methods used by members of society to make sense of their everyday life ?
(1) Phenomenology
(2) Ethnomethodology
(3) Symbolic Interactionism
(4) Behaviorism
53. Which perspective is central to the work, ‘Presentation of self in Everyday Life’ by Goffman ?
(1) Dramaturgy
(2) Phenomenology
(3) Symbolic Interactionism
(4) Neo functionalism
54. In which work it is argued that all knowledge is socially constructed and oriented towards particular practical problems ?
(1) Phenomenology of Mind
(2) Studies in Ethnomethodology
(3) The phenomenology of the Social World
(4) The Social Construction of Reality
55. Of the following whose ideas are woven together in ‘Legitimation Crisis’ ?
(1) J. Habermas
(2) L. Althusser
(3) J. Alexander
(4) A. Shultz
56. Althusser’s Concept of “Social formation” has three main elements. Mark these correct elements from the following codes :
(1) Society, Polity and Ideology
(2) Polity, Economy and Culture
(3) Economy, Polity and Ideology
(4) Society, Culture and Personality
57. Of the following who has coined the concept “overdetermination” ?
(1) L. Althusser
(2) J. Habermas
(3) Alfred Shultz
(4) Peter Berger
58. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below the lists :
59. Which among the following is not the work of Michel Foucault ?
(1) Madness and Civilization
(2) Crises in the World Economy
(3) The Order of Things
(4) History of Sexuality
60. “The structuring of social relations across time and space as the result of the interaction of pre-existing structure and individual agency” can be described as :
(1) Structuralism
(2) Structural-functionalism
(3) Post-structuralism
(4) Structuration
61. For whom, local accounts of reality are more important than the grand narratives ?
(1) Phenomenologists
(2) Functionalists
(3) Post-modernists
(4) Marxists
62. Sources of diversity in India include :
(a) Ethnic origin
(b) Castes
(c) Religions
(d) Languages
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Codes :
(1) (a), (b) and (d)
(2) (c) and (d)
(3) (b), (c) and (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
63. According to N. K. Bose, the development of Indian civilization is the result of :
(a) the repeated experiences of war leading to the spirit of nationalism
(b) a pattern of cultural pluralism under relatively peaceful conditions
(c) the communities in India do not constitute their distinct entities
(d) diversity of culture but encouraging the economic organization for interdependence of all communities.
Select the correct answer from the code given below :
Codes :
(1) (b) only
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (a) and (c)
(4) (b) and (d)
64. In India who is credited for bringing sociology out of the shadow of historicism and culturology ?
(1) M.N. Srinivas
(2) A.R. Desai
(3) G.S. Ghurye
(4) P.N. Prabhu
65. Who insisted that it is not enough that an Indian Sociologist be a Sociologist but be an Indian first ?
(1) Ranjit Guha
(2) D.P. Mukherji
(3) N.K. Bose
(4) Surajit Sinha
66. Given Below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Regionalism in India has been consistently on the rise since independence.
Reason (R) : All regions big or small want to safeguard their regional interests with a narrow approach.
Select the correct answer from the code given below :
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation of (A)
(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true
67. Who is the proponent of ‘Socio-cultural marginality’ in Indian Slums ?
(1) A.R. Desai
(2) Oscar Lewis
(3) Victor S.’ D’souza
(4) P.D. Wiebe
68. Which type of Poverty refers to a lack of basic resources needed to maintain the physical survival ?
(1) Absolute Poverty
(2) Cultural Poverty
(3) Subjective Poverty
(4) Enforced Poverty
69. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) was launched on :
(1) 2nd October, 2015
(2) 25th June, 2015
(3) 15th August, 2015
(4) 26th January, 2015
70. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Ecological degradation leads to environmental pollution.
Reason (R) : Deforestation, Construction of big dams and other developmental activities are responsible for ecological degradation.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
71. Who among the following argued that deviance results not from ‘pathological personalities’ but from the culture and structure of society itself ?
(1) A.K. Cohen
(2) R.K. Merton
(3) E.M. Lemert
(4) John Mack
72. Who among the following was the first sociologist to systematically study ‘White-Collar Crime’ ?
(1) M.B. Clinard
(2) W.G. Carson
(3) E.H. Sutherland
(4) A. Cohen
73. In which year, ‘The Narcotic Drug and Psychotropic Substance Act’ was enacted ?
(1) 1987
(2) 1985
(3) 1989
(4) 1998
74. In India, tradition does not necessarily retard the process of modernization. Who calls this phenomenon as ‘Modernity of tradition’ ?
(1) Lloyd I. Rudolph
(2) Milton Singer
(3) Alan R. Beals
(4) McKim Marriott
75. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Majority of the developed states in India are contiguous to each other.
Reason (R) : They are also more urbanized than other states.
Select the correct answer from the code given below :
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
76. Which one of the following is not a correct match ?
(1) Gender and Land Rights – Bina Agarwal
(2) Gender inequality and Law – Flavia Agnes
(3) Women and Kinship – Leela Dube
(4) Women and Conflict – Karuna Chanana
77. Which of the following is not a feature of secularism as adopted by the Indian constitution ?
(1) Guarantee of individual and collective freedom of religion to all
(2) There shall be no state discrimination on the ground of religion in public employment and education
(3) State must be neutral to religious goals
(4) There will be reservation of seats in occupational and educational institutions on the basis of religion
78. ‘‘The intensification of worldwide social relations which link distinct localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring miles away and vice versa’’, is related with which concept ?
(1) Modernization
(2) Globalization
(3) Westernization
(4) None of the above
79. Which of the following was not a component of modernization as introduced in India during and after the British rule ?
(1) Universal Adult franchise
(2) Expansion of western form of education
(3) Urbanization and industrialization
(4) Consolidation of village communities
80. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The Globalization has forced the Public Sector and Private Sector to cooperate with each other in development of Science.
Reason (R) : The cooperation between the above two helps in facing market competition.
Select the correct answer from the code given below :
Codes :
(1) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(3) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are wrong.
81. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below the lists :
82. Who has given the theory of surplus value ?
(1) Michel Foucault
(2) Neil J. Smelser
(3) Karl Marx
(4) Max Weber
83. Which of the following revolts began with a demand for reduction of the rights of the Jotedars in the crop from half to one third and a corresponding increase in the rights of the poor peasant share croppers ?
(1) Telengana
(2) Tebhaga
(3) Naxalbari
(4) Sarvodaya
84. Jajmani system in Traditional Indian Society was based on which of the following ?
(1) Cash Economy
(2) Barter System
(3) Gift Exchange
(4) Market System
85. Who made the following statement ?
Globalization as a complex multi-dimensional process involving a dialectical relationship between global and local . . . . also leading to new global inequalities and stratification.
(1) Karl Marx
(2) Anthony Giddens
(3) Morris Ginsberg
(4) None of the above
86. From who’s work industrial sociology is said to have emerged in general and in USA in particular ?
(1) Mayor
(2) Warner
(3) Mayo
(4) Gellerman
87. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Industrialization leads to weak bondage in family leading to nuclear family structure.
Reason (R) : Industries employ young migrant labour at large who come from far off places.
Select the correct answer from the code given below :
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
88. Who has argued on the basis of empirical study that informal relations play an important role in bureaucracy ?
(1) R.K. Merton
(2) T.B. Bottomore
(3) P.M. Blau
(4) Max Weber
89. ‘Economic growth model’ of development is not concerned with :
(1) G.N.P.
(2) Per capita income
(3) Capital accumulation
(4) Sustainability
90. Which model of development has been followed in independent India ?
(1) Capitalist Model
(2) Socialist Model
(3) Mixed Economy
(4) Market Economy
91. Who coined the phrase ‘development of underdevelopment’ ?
(1) A.R. Desai
(2) G. Myrdal
(3) Samir Amin
(4) A.G. Frank
92. Which one is not an indicator of Human Development Index ?
(1) Life Expectancy
(2) Education
(3) National per capita income
(4) Level of Urbanization
93. Of the following identify the committee constituted by Govt. of India in 1982 to suggest ways and means to organise and improve the service delivery approach system for providing Primary Health Care in Urban slums ?
(1) Kartar Singh Committee
(2) Srivastava Committee
(3) Krishnan Committee
(4) Bhore Committee
94. Who has provided sociological explanations for the study of fertility in the form of social capillarity ?
(1) Arsene Dumont
(2) K. Davis
(3) David Glass
(4) J. Hawthorn
95. Women are classified according to the number of children born alive to them. This is referred to as :
(1) Birth order
(2) Fertility
(3) Family Size
(4) Parity
96. What is the rank of India according to 2011 UNDP’s Human Development Report out of 187 countries in the world in terms of ‘Gender Inequality Index’ ?
(1) 100
(2) 132
(3) 145
(4) 157
97. Match List-I with List-II :
98. ‘Janani Suraksha Yojana’ is the Government of India scheme launched with which objective ?
(1) Reduce the mortality rate of mothers and newborn babies
(2) Improve the educational level of girls and reduce their drop-out rates
(3) Encourage girls to undertake sports and outdoor activities
(4) Improve the nutritional intake of girls and their overall health
99. Which feminist theory is characterized by the belief that patriarchy is the major and universal cause of women’s oppression ?
(1) Socialist Feminism
(2) Liberal Feminism
(3) Cultural Feminism
(4) Radical Feminism
100. Linguistic diversity means :
(1) More people speaking a language
(2) More people speaking two languages
(3) Number of languages spoken by the people
(4) Languages of different countries
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