LINGUISTICS
PAPER – III
Note : This paper contains seventy five (75) objective type questions of two (2) marks each. All questions are compulsory.
1. Match the following in List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the following codes :
2. Diphthongs with a central off glide are called centering diphthongs, diphthongs with a front off glide are called fronting diphthongs; diphthongs with a back off glide are called :
(1) Restrictive diphthongs
(2) Retroflexive diphthongs
(3) Resonant diphthongs
(4) Retracting diphthongs
3. Match the following in List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the following codes :
4. In structural phonology, a set of techniques which can be automatically or mechanically applied to a sample of language and which will produce a correct grammatical analysis is called
(1) Discovery procedures
(2) Deductive procedures
(3) Didactic procedures
(4) Decision procedures
5. In generative phonology, the question concerning how far removed from surface structure the underlying form should be, is about
(1) Linguistic relativity
(2) Behaviourism vs. mentalism
(3) Positing abstract segments
(4) Negative condition
6. Assertion – I : Derivational suffixes precede the inflectional suffixes in words in Indian languages.
Assertion – II : Conjugation is used primarily for nouns and declension is used primarily for verbs.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) Both I and II are incorrect.
(3) I is correct, but II is wrong.
(4) I is wrong, but II is correct.
7. What is the process called when –er is attached to the verb cook to form the word cooker ?
(1) Concord
(2) Derivation
(3) Inflection
(4) Phraseology
8. Assertion – I : In a compound verb construction, the vector verbs are semantically empty.
Assertion – II : Incorporation in the finite verb of a sentence strengthens the pro-drop parameter.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are true.
(2) Both I and II are false.
(3) I is true, but II is false.
(4) I is false, but II is true.
9. In English, ‘My Brother John’ is an example of
(1) Copulative compound
(2) Exocentric compound
(3) Endocentric compound
(4) No compound
10. Assertion – I : Total reduplication may be described as a specific form of compounding with two identical constituents.
Assertion – II : Partial reduplication results in a construction in which a part of a word is copied and affixed to the base word.
Codes :
(1) I is true, but II is false.
(2) I is false, but II is true.
(3) Both I and II are true.
(4) Both I and II are false.
11. Which of the following is not true for scrambling ?
(1) Distinction can be made between short-distance and long-distance scrambling.
(2) It is proposed to handle the way constituents permute in fixed word order languages.
(3) Factors influencing scrambling may be stylistic in nature.
(4) It is an optional rule.
12. Which of following describes the sentence “I like oranges and he bananas’ ?
(1) Small clause
(2) Cleft
(3) Gapping
(4) Pseudo cleft
13. In the X bar theory, the position of ‘who’ in the sentence ‘who does the boy hate ?’ is
(1) Spec of C double bar
(2) Head of C double bar
(3) Spec of I double bar
(4) Head of I double bar
14. Assertion – I : Principles and Parameters are part of a genetically innate universal grammar which all humans possess barring any genetic disorders.
Assertion – II : Exposure to language does not trigger the parameters to adopt correct setting, rather parameters need to be learned.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct and II is false.
(3) I is false and II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
15. Which of the following is not true for X-bar theory ?
(1) Spec and X-single bar can be sisters.
(2) X-single bar and complement can be sisters.
(3) Adjunct and X-single bar can be sisters.
(4) XP can be the mother of spec and X-single bar.
16. The view that meanings of individual words can be used to build up the meanings of larger units : the meaning of the whole is determined by the meaning of its parts and the way in which they are assembled is called
(1) Phrase structure
(2) Concatenation
(3) Conjoining
(4) Compositionality
17. Assertion – I : Denotational meaning in one sense, equates roughly to literal meaning, and in second sense a denotation of an expression is the set of entities that it properly applies to or identifies.
Assertion – II : The main application of the term connotation is with reference to the emotional associations that are suggested by, or are part of a linguistic unit or item, and in the third usage it is the set of properties that something has to have to allow the expression to be applied to it.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, and II is false.
(3) I is false, and II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
18. Match the items in the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
19. Assertion – I : The thing in the cage is a tiger.
Assertion – II : The thing in the cage is an animal.
Codes :
(1) I entails II.
(2) I does not entail II.
(3) I and II entail each other.
(4) I and II do not entail each other.
20. Assertion – I : ‘Shyam realised that his friend was intelligent’ is a factitive expression.
Assertion – II : ‘Shyam pretended that his friend was intelligent’ is a counter-factitive expression.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, but II is false.
(3) I is false, and II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
21. Description of the regular correspondence in Indo-European languages is largely accounted for by
(1) Verner’s Law
(2) Hermann Paul’s Law
(3) Grimm’s Law
(4) August Schleicher’s Law
22. Comparative reconstruction is usually guided by a thumb rule which is known as
(1) ‘the majority wins out’
(2) ‘look before you leap’
(3) ‘minority should not be neglected’
(4) ‘well begun is half done’
23. Assertion – I : Phonological reconstruction is a process in which we apply our knowledge of linguistic change so as to effect ‘reverse linguistic history’.
Assertion – II : Comparative reconstruction frequently needs to draw on the insights provided by the method of internal reconstruction.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are true.
(2) I is true, but II is false.
(3) I is false, but II is true.
(4) Both I and II are false.
24. While speaking an Indian language when a person uses ‘Mrs.’ for ‘wife’, what is the motivation for this kind of borrowing ?
(1) Cultural
(2) Intimate
(3) Prestige
(4) Need
25. What is the process of semantic change involving the change of meaning of old English deor ‘animal’ to Modern English ‘deer’ ?
(1) pejorization
(2) meliorization
(3) broadening
(4) narrowing
26. A planning that is directed at the image building of a language in order to promote and intellectualize it is known as
(1) Status planning
(2) Corpus planning
(3) Acquisition planning
(4) Prestige planning
27. Languages that provide a mutually intelligible medium for speakers in multilingual society are known as
(1) Dialect
(2) Sociolect
(3) Languages of wider communication
(4) None of the above
28. Assertion – I : Grice’s “intentionalism” is not limited to meaning.
Assertion – II : Grice distinguishes between what is said in an utterance and what is implied by it.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, II is wrong.
(3) I is wrong, but II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are wrong.
29. Match the items of List – I with the items of List – II. Select the correct response from the codes given below :
30. Assertion – I : A pidgin is a non-primary language that is the result of language contact.
Assertion – II : A creole is a primary language that is the result of language contact.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, II is false.
(3) I is false, II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
31. Chomsky maintains that the most plausible explanation for the uniformity and rapidity of first language acquisition is to posit that
(1) the course of language acquisition is set by imitation
(2) the course of language acquisition is determined by a biologically endowed innate language faculty.
(3) the course of language acquisition is different in different societies.
(4) the course of language acquisition largely depends on uniform structure of all the inputs to the children.
32. Assertion – I : Linguists are interested in speech errors because they hope that language in a broken-down state may be more revealing than language which is working perfectly.
Assertion – II : Slips of the tongue tell us more about the way a person plans and produces speech.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, but II is wrong.
(3) I is wrong, but II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are wrong.
33. Assertion – I : The Period of Large Sample Studies in the history of child language study had a focus on large samples and their systematic observation.
Assertion – II : Armed with linguistic sophistication the studies considered content and patterns of individual children very significant.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, but II is wrong.
(3) I is wrong, but II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are wrong.
34. Which of the following is true of motherese ?
(1) higher pitch, special lexical items, fewer embedded clauses, expressions occurring only once.
(2) lower pitch, special lexical items, fewer embedded clauses, repetitive expressions.
(3) higher pitch, special lexical items, frequent embedded clauses, repetitive expressions.
(4) higher pitch, special lexical items, fewer embedded clauses, repetitive expressions.
35. Match the words in List – A with those in List – B
36. Assertion – I : Literacy empowers the illiterate.
Assertion – II : Literacy is not conditioned by any ideology.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, but II is false.
(3) I is false, but II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
37. Assertion – I : Most newspapers focus on readability of material or news by their readers in order to attract them to the newspaper.
Assertion – II : The manner of presentation of news does not depend on any ideology.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, but II is false.
(3) I is false, but II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
38. The belief that linguistic differences could be a predictor of difficulty gave rise to
(1) Error analysis
(2) Contrastive analysis hypothesis
(3) Idiosyncratic dialect
(4) Approximative system
39. A predominantly American learning theory developed in early twentieth century and associated with psychologist like Thorndike and Skinner is known as
(1) Cognitive theory
(2) Behaviourism
(3) Communicative theory
(4) Chomskyan theory
40. Assertion – I : Children’s first utterances containing more than one word appear between 18 to 24 months of age.
Assertion – II : In the early stages some utterances are rote learned as a whole and others may be slot and frame patterns.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, II is wrong.
(3) I is wrong, II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are wrong.
41. Assertion – I : Formal universals are universal constraints upon the form of the grammar of any natural language.
Assertion – II : Substantive universals are statements about the linguistic entities that must be found in all natural languages.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are true.
(2) I is correct, but II is not.
(3) I is false, but II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
42. What is the case in which the experiences construction subjects are found in most Indian languages ?
(1) Nominative or ablative
(2) Ergative or absolutive
(3) Instrumental or locative
(4) Dative or genitive
43. Assertion – I : In those languages which have the OV word order, adjectives are usually used before nouns.
Assertion – II : In those languages which have the VO word order, adjectives are usually used after nouns.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are true.
(2) Both I and II are false.
(3) I is true, but II is false.
(4) I is false, but II is true.
44. Who first proposed the basic word order typology ?
(1) Noam Chomsky
(2) Bernard Comrie
(3) Joseph Greenberg
(4) David Crystal
45. Who classified languages into three morphological types, i.e. inflecting, agglutinating and isolating ?
(1) Leonard Bloomfield
(2) Wilhelm von Humboldt
(3) Ferdinand de Saussure
(4) Neogrammarians
46. A word or phrase extracted from a text and listed with references to the sources in which it occurs is termed as
(1) KWIC (Keyword in Context)
(2) KWOC (Keyword out of context)
(3) Nesting
(4) Cliché
47. Match the following in List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the following codes :
48. Who made the following statement ?
“The poetic function projects the principle of equivalence from the axis of selection into the axis of combination….”
(1) R. Fowler
(2) R. Carter
(3) J.P. Thorne
(4) R. Jacobson
49. The concepts of foreignization and domestication were proposed by
(1) Lawrence Venuti
(2) Antony Pym
(3) Walter Benjamin
(4) Mona Baker
50. A term used mainly in literary translation and advertising that refers to process of adapting a text from one language to another by discerning the emotional response of the audience in the source language and by working to elicit the same response in the target language audience.
(1) Paraphrase
(2) Transcreation
(3) Transliteration
(4) Formal equivalence
51. Which of the following is not true ?
(1) Babbage created the ‘Analytical Engine’ which started work in 1810.
(2) Babbage’s first attempt at a mechanical computing device, the ‘Difference Engine’ was a machine designed to tabulate logarithms and trigonometric functions.
(3) Ada Lovelace, during her work with Babbage, became the designer of the first computer algorithm which had the ability to compute Bernoulli numbers.
(4) Godel showed that there were limits to what could be proved within a formal system by his incompleteness theorem.
52. Which of the following is true for a compiler ?
(1) Does not generate an intermediate object code.
(2) Programming languages like C use it.
(3) Takes single instruction as input instead of the entire program.
(4) Errors are displayed for every instruction making debugging easy.
53. In text encoding initiative an anchor is
(1) a portion of a document.
(2) arbitrary point in a document.
(3) correspondence between one span of content and another.
(4) a collection of fragments into a single logical whole.
54. A speech disorder characterized by fluency disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables words or phrases as well as involuntary hesitations is called
(1) Dyscalculia
(2) Stuttering
(3) Dysphasia
(4) Dysarthria
55. Assertion – I : The two functional components of PC-KIMMO are the generator and the recognizer.
Assertion – II : The generator in PC-KIMMO does not use the lexicon, however, it accepts the lexical form as input, applies the phonological rules and returns the corresponding surface form.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, II is false.
(3) I is false, II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
56. Which of the following is not correct for Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) ?
(1) LFG was developed by Bresnan.
(2) In LFG, the role of grammatical functions is central, and the Lexicon is taken as primitive.
(3) In LFG, the syntactic structure of a sentence consists of a constituent structure and a functional structure.
(4) In LFG, the lexical component is assigned much of the role formerly associated with the syntactic component of a transformational grammar.
57. Assertion – I : Move α basically allows anything to move anywhere.
Assertion – II : There are no constraints restricting move α; so movement is unrestricted.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, II is false.
(3) I is false, II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
58. One consistent aspect in the works of Ruhlen (1975), Mallinson and Blake (1981), Tomlin (1979, 86) regarding word order is that
(1) SOV languages < SVO languages
(2) SVO languages < SOV languages
(3) SVO languages = SOV languages
(4) VSO languages > SOV languages
59. Assertion – I : Movements are licensed in the minimalist program through the feature checking mechanism.
Assertion – II : A movement may occur because an interpretable feature in a lexical item may require a merger with another item where this feature is uninterpretable, before this feature can be fully understood.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, II is false.
(3) I is false, II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
60. Assertion – I : Neither D-structure nor S-structure is an interface level phenomenon. Both were posted for internal reasons, to satisfy descriptive demands, not on the basis of virtual conceptual necessity.
Assertion – II : In Minimalism D-structure and S-structure are dispensed with.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct and I is a reason for II.
(2) Both I and II are correct but I is not a reason for II.
(3) I is false and II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
61. In minimalism, the computational system provides link between
(1) Lexicon and Phonetic form
(2) Sensorimotor and conceptual-intentional system
(3) Logical form and lexicon
(4) Principles and parameters
62. Assertion – I : In optimality theory, underlying forms are input for Gen.
Assertion – II : In optimality theory Gen creates a finite list of candidates.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, but II is false.
(3) I is false, but II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are false.
63. Which of the following options is incorrect in the context of optimality theory wherein constraints are ?
(1) Universal
(2) Ranked
(3) Non-violable
(4) In conflict
64. In autosegmental representation of tone which of the following is incorrect ?
(1) Tones and segments are represented on different tiers.
(2) Linked elements of different tiers are pronounced as a unit.
(3) A single tone may be linked to more than one syllable.
(4) A single syllable may not be linked to more than one tone.
65. In the context of autosegmental phonology which of the following statements is incorrect ?
(1) Association lines never cross one another.
(2) A skeletal node can be linked to two different segments on different tiers.
(3) Vowels link to vowels and consonants to consonants.
(4) No feature may appear on more than one tier.
66. Assertion – I : Prosodic phonology studies linguistic characteristics of stress, intonation and quantity.
Assertion – II : Prosodic phonology also studies speech tempo and rhythm.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is false, but II is correct.
(3) I is correct, but II is false
(4) Both I and II are false.
67. Assertion – I : “Hegemonic Masculinity” is one of the concerns of gender and language study.
Assertion – II : The study beyond masculinities and femininities is also the concern of gender and language study.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) Both I and II are false.
(3) I is false, but II is correct.
(4) I is correct but II is false.
68. Code-mixing and code-switching are
(1) Natural phenomena in the life of bilinguals.
(2) Natural phenomena in the life of monolinguals.
(3) Mandatory phenomena for both monolinguals and bilinguals.
(4) Natural phenomena for neither monolinguals nor bilinguals
69. A study that pays particular attention to everyday interaction such as chat, and ordinary narratives is known as
(1) Discourse analysis
(2) Conversational analysis
(3) Lexical analysis
(4) Contrastive analysis
70. A “rank structure” view of discourse was developed by
(1) Sinclair and Coulthard
(2) Zellig Harris
(3) Chimombo, Moira and Henry Roseberry
(4) M.A.K. Halliday and Raquiya Hasan
71. “Can I have a cup of coffee, please” ? Can be interpreted as
(1) Optative
(2) Imperative
(3) Politeness strategy
(4) Mode of communication
72. Assertion – I : Aphasia is a communication disorder that results from damage to the parts of the brain that contain language.
Assertion – II : Aphasia does not provide us with a potentially valuable source of information as to how linguistic representations are implanted in the brain.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, but II is wrong.
(3) I is wrong, but II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are wrong.
73. Assertion – I : Non-words must be read entirely through a phonologically mediated route.
Assertion – II : All the morphological and semantic paralexias seen in deep dyslexia must reflect the internal organization and nature of activation of entries in a lexical-cognitive system when that system is accessed through a
direct reading route.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, but II is wrong.
(3) I is wrong, but II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are wrong.
74. Assertion – I : Aphasia is a generic term that refers to language breakdown due to brain pathology.
Assertion – II : It is striking how great the connectionist approach to the classification of aphasic patients has changed in over a century of clinical observation and theory construction.
Codes :
(1) Both I and II are correct.
(2) I is correct, but II is wrong.
(3) I is wrong, but II is correct.
(4) Both I and II are wrong.
75. Dyslexia characterized by errors closely related to the form of the target word and reading non-real words as real is
(1) Dysarthria
(2) Dysphasia
(3) Deep dyslexia
(4) Surface dyslexia
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