Sikhism in Indian History:
- ‘Sikh’ is a sanskrit word which means ‘desciple’.
- Sikh religion was founded by GuruNanak.
- Guru Nanak was born was born at Talwandi in Lahore, belonged to the Khatri Caste (Mercantile Community).
- Nanak called his creed as Gurumat or Guru’s wisdom.
- GuruNanak was born in 1469 and died in 1538.
- He was the first Guru of the Sikhs.
- Nanak preached only in Punjabi.
- Nanak nominated Guru Angad as his successor.
- Guru Angad introduced Gurumukhi Script. He also compiled Guru Nanak’s biography Janam Sakis.
- Langar or free community dining was also introduced by Guru Angad.
- Third Sikh Guru was Amar Das. He started the Manji system ie, branches for the propagation of Sikhs. He made Guruship hereditory.
- Guru Ramdas was the fourth Sikh Guru. He founded the city of Amritsar. The place for the city was donated by Akbar.
- Under the fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjun Dev, Sikhism became an organised religion. He compiled the ‘Adi Grandh’ the sacred book of the Sikhs. He built a temple at Amritsar , (later the Golden Temple) Har Mandir Sahib. He helped Jahangir’s son Prince Khusru to rebel against the Emperor So he was executed by Jahangir at Lahore in 1606 AD.
- The sixth Guru Hargovind, created a Sikh army and turned against Shah Jahan. He founded a palace opposite to Harmandir Sahib known as ‘Akaltakt’. He also adopted the title Sacha Padusha, which means true ruler. (the title was not adopted by Teg Bahadur)
- Seventh Guru was Har Rai. He was succeeded by Guru Harkishan. Har Kishan became the Guru at the age of five, hence he is the youngest Sikh Guru.
- The 10th and the last Guru, Govind Singh formed the Khalsa or the Sikh brotherhood.
- He introduced ‘Panchkakar’ of Sikhism -ie Kesh (long hair) Kanga (Comb) Kripan (Sword), Kachha (Underwear) and Kara (Iron bangk)
- He introduced baptism and wanted every Sikh to bear community surname ‘Singh’ or lion.
- His aim was the establishment of a Sikh State after overthrowing the Mughals. In 1708 he was killed by an Afghan.
- ‘Vichithra Natak’ is the autobiography of Guru Govind Singh.
- Kartarpur Dabir is the root form of Guru Grandh Sahib.
- Govind Singh proclaimed the Grandh Sahib as the eternal Guru.
Sikh Guru
Guru Nanak ………………………… 1469-1538
Guru Angad ……………………… 1538 – 1552
Guru Amardas …………………… 1552 – 1574
Guru Ramdas …………………….. 1574 – 1581
Guru Arjundev ………………….. 1581 – 1606
Guru Hargovind …………………. 1606 – 1645
Guru Har Rai ……………………… 1645 – 1661
Guru Har Kishan ………………….. 1661-1664
Guru Teg Bahadur ………………… 1664-1675
Guru Govind Singh …………….. 1675 – 1708
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