HUMAN RIGHTS AND DUTIES
PAPER – III
Note : This paper contains seventy five (75) objective type questions of two (2) marks each. All questions are compulsory.
1. According to Karl Marx, ultimately the governing society would be
(1) ‘From each according to his ability and to each according to his needs’.
(2) ‘From each according to his ability and to each according to his status’.
(3) ‘From each according to his exploitation and to each according to his principles’.
(4) ‘From each according to his freedom and to each according to justice’.
2. Which human rights treaty outlaws “Hate Speech” ?
(1) ICCPR
(2) ICERD
(3) ICESCR
(4) CRC
3. The Economic Theory of Rights is associated with
(1) Adam Smith
(2) Karl Marx
(3) Amartya Sen
(4) Joseph Steiglitz
4. Which of the following are correct regarding the views of Gramsci :
i. Man can only be ruled by power.
ii. Political leadership should be based upon the concert of the people.
iii. Civil society includes institutions like church, club, schools, magazines etc.
iv. Political society includes institutions like government, court, police, army etc.
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii
(2) ii, iii, iv
(3) i, iii, iv
(4) i, ii, iv
5. Which of the following are true regarding the National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights ?
i. It was officially launched in India in December 2000.ii. It is expected to act as a non-political secular forum.
iii. It comprises of a land of Dalit scholars and activities.
iv. Its purpose is to promote solidarity, co-operation and collection action at the national level for the promotion of Dalit human rights.
Select your answer from the codes given below :
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii
(2) ii, iii, iv
(3) i, iii, iv
(4) i, ii, iv
6. Which among the following states in India is the first state to start on the recommendation of the State commission for protection of child rights, child friendly police station ?
(1) Madhya Pradesh
(2) Chhattisgarh
(3) Bihar
(4) Maharashtra
7. Which section of IPC deals with word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman ?
(1) Section 498 A
(2) Section 503
(3) Section 509
(4) Section 590
8. In which year the United Nations General Assembly adopted convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ?
(1) 1982
(2) 1984
(3) 1986
(4) 1988
9. John Rawls uses the social contract theory to derive the principles of
(1) a just society
(2) political liberty
(3) a peaceful social system
(4) progressive social system
10. The contents of Kautalya’s Arthshastra
(1) deals exclusively with subjects connected with internal administration and foreign relations.
(2) sets before the ruler the goal of the conquest of the world.
(3) describes the ways of attaining the goal of the conquest of the world.
(4) all the above
11. It is believed that our globe is warming progressively. This global warming will eventually result in
(1) melting of polar ice
(2) uniformity of climate at equator and poles
(3) increase in availability of useable land.
(4) fall in the sea level
12. Who said, “where there is no law there is no freedom” ?
(1) T.H Green
(2) John Locke
(3) Thomas Hobbes
(4) Harold J. Laski
13. The factor that helped the rise of nationalism in India during freedom movement
(1) Formation of nation states in Europe
(2) Establishment of democratic governments
(3) Both (1) and (2)
(4) Neither (1) nor (2)
14. The Universal Adult Franchise is an indication of the principle of the
(1) Legal Sovereignty
(2) Political Sovereignty
(3) Popular Sovereignty
(4) National Sovereignty
15. At which place United Nations General Assembly had adopted Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 ?
(1) New York
(2) London
(3) Paris
(4) Geneva
16. Which of the following strategy does not appear to be suitable with a view to improve International Human Rights ?
(1) Ratification of international human rights instruments.
(2) Enhancement of enforcement mechanisms.
(3) Measures for effective national implementation.
(4) Use of force by world community against the country which violates human rights.
17. In which case the Supreme Court interpreted that Article 21 includes right to food, clothing and shelter ?
(1) R. Gandhi Vs. Union of India
(2) Selvy vs. State of Karnataka
(3) Maneka Gandhi case
(4) Francis Coralie Muller vs. Union Territory of Delhi
18. Which of the following are true regarding the office of the UNHCR ?
i. The office was set up as a subsidiary organ of the General Assembly.
ii. It was set up in 1952.
iii. It is located in Geneva.
iv. The main task is to provide international protection to refugees by establishing camps.
Select your answer from the codes given below :
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii
(2) ii, iii, iv
(3) i, iii, iv
(4) i, ii, iv
19. Which of the following statements are correct regarding Gramsci :
i. He was an important Marxist scholar of 20th century.
ii. He was General Secretary of Italian Communist Party.
iii. In 1926 he was imprisoned for 20 years and he died in 1936.
iv. In 1971 his various articles were published as “Prison Note Books”.
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii
(2) ii, iii, iv
(3) i, iii, iv
(4) i, ii, iv
20. Which of the following are correct about Isiah Berlin’s concept of liberty ?
i. He says that the state can only secure negative liberty to the individual and that positive liberty does not come within the purview of the state.
ii. He holds that negative liberty consists in not being prevented from choosing one’s course of action while positive liberty treats the individual as his own master.
iii. His concept of positive liberty does not correspond to positive liberalisms’ concept of positive liberty.
iv. He say that the state can only secure negative liberty to the individual.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
(1) ii, iv
(2) i, ii, iii, iv
(3) i, iii
(4) ii, iii
Directions : Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer with the help of codes given in question numbers from 21 to 29 :
21.
22. Match List – I with List – II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
23. Match List – I with List – II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
24. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer with the help of the code given below :
25. Match the List – I with List – II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
26. Arrange the following in the chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
i. Declaration on the Elimination of violence against woman.
ii. Declaration on the Rights of disabled persons.
iii. Convention on the Rights of the child.
iv. Convention on the Elimination of all forms of discrimination against women.
Codes :
(1) ii, iv, iii, i
(2) i, ii, iii, iv
(3) ii, i, iii, iv
(4) iv, iii, ii, i
27. Match List – I with List – II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
28. Match the List – I with List – II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
29. Arrange the following Acts according to the year of their enactment :
i. Special Marriage Act
ii. Hindu Succession Act
iii. Hindu Widow’s Remarriage Act
iv. Age of Consent Act
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii, iv
(2) iii, iv, i, ii
(3) iv, iii, i, ii
(4) ii, iii, iv, i
30. Which of the following are included in the list of fundamental duties in the Constitution of India ? Answer using codes given below :
i. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India and the States.
ii. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
iii. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
iv. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
Codes :
(1) i, ii and iii
(2) i, ii and iv
(3) ii, iii and iv
(4) i, iii and iv
31. Which of the following sentence is true regarding the suppression of immoral traffic in Women and Girls Act, 1956 ?
(1) The Act was amended in 1986 and retitled as the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956
(2) The Act was amended in 1996 and retitled as the Unlawful Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956
(3) The Act was amended in 2006 and retitled as the Illegal Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956
(4) The Act was not at all amended.
32. In which of the following states reservation of women is not more than 33% in the Panchayati Raj Institutions ?
(1) Chhattisgarh
(2) Haryana
(3) Jharkhand
(4) Uttarakhand
33. Which of the following is not a part of International Bill of Human Rights ?
(1) Statute of International Court of Justice
(2) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948
(3) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966
(4) International Covenant on Economic, social and cultural rights, 1966
34. Under which Article of Constitution of India, state is required to make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief ?
(1) Article 38
(2) Article 39
(3) Article 42
(4) Article 46
35. Which of the following types of human rights were not mentioned by Allan Gewirth ?
(1) Basic Rights
(2) Non-Subtractive Rights
(3) Mandatory Rights
(4) Additive Rights
Directions : Question Nos. 36 to 45 contains two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Examine whether the statements are correct and related to each other with the help of the codes given below :
36. Assertion (A) : Globalization bears new risk to international Security and has simultaneously increased the difficulty of tackling such risks.
Reason (R) : Economic globalization has provided free circulation of drugs, nuclear material and dual-use technologies on a global scale among state and non-state actors.
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(4) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
37. Assertion (A) : Judicial statehood refers to states that are constitutionally independent and recognised as sovereign and enjoy membership in International organisations.
Reason (R) : Empirical statehood refers to states with strong political institutions, solid economic basis and a substantial degree of national unity.
Codes :
(1) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(3) (A) is not correct, but (R) is a corroboration of (A).
(4) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
38. Assertion (A) : It is the occurrence of war, the use of organized violence as a method of resolving conflict among states that concerns us here.
Reason (R) : However, the major armed conflicts tended to be intrastate rather than inter-state.
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the explanation of (A).
(2) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(3) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
39. Assertion (A) : Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed.
Reason (R) : Man by nature is a social animal.
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
40. Assertion (A) : Human Development, if not engendered, is endangered.
Reason (R) : In most political systems, gender justice is on their agenda.
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
41. Assertion (A) : End of Cold War signified a shift from ideological politics in International relations to cultural conflicts.
Reason (R) : Religious fundamentalism is posing a threat to world security.
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
42. Assertion (A) : Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.
Reason (R) : Rule of law in a political system alone can guarantee justice to all.
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
43. Assertion (A) : Man’s capacity for justice makes democracy possible but man’s inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary.
Reason (R) : Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people.
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
44. Assertion (A) : India, through its accession to ASEAN’s treaty of Amity and cooperation has reaffirmed ASEAN’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
Reason (R) : The south-east Asian nations themselves have begun to gradually recognise India’s military capacity to contribute to the stability of the region.
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (A) supports (R).
(2) Both (A) and (R) incorrect.
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(4) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
45. Assertion (A) : To promote gender justice, the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women provides for (under Article 4) affirmative action in favour of women.
Reason (R) : To promote gender equality Indian government has adopted “Gender Budgeting” as a tool for mainstreaming gender in all government policies and Programmes.
Codes :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Directions : Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer with the help of codes given in question numbers from 46 to 47 :
46.
47
48. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct answer with the help of codes given below :
i. World Cancer Day
ii. International Women’s Day
iii. World Health Day
iv. World Press Freedom Day
Codes :
(1) iv, iii, ii, i
(2) i, ii, iii, iv
(3) ii, i, iii, iv
(4) i, iv, ii, iii
49. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct answer with the help of codes given below :
i. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
ii. Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
iii. Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean (ECLAC)
iv. Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii, iv
(2) iv, iii, ii, i
(3) i, iv, ii, iii
(4) iii, ii, i, iv
50. Arrange the following social reformers in chronological order (regarding their death) and choose the correct answer with the help of codes given below :
i. Rajaram Mohan Roy
ii. Maharishi Dayanand
iii. Ram Krishna Paramhans
iv. SwamiVivekanand
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii, iv
(2) i, ii, iv, iii
(3) iii, iv, i, ii
(4) iv, iii, ii, i
51. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct answer with the help of codes given below :
i. Servants of India Society
ii. University Act (Lord Curzon’s era)
iii. Surat Split of Congress
iv. Newspapers Incitement to Offences Act
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii, iv
(2) iv, iii, ii, i
(3) ii, i, iii, iv
(4) i, iv, ii, iii
52. Arrange the following freedom fighters in chronological order (regarding their birth) and choose the correct answer with the help of codes given below :
i. Surendra Nath Bannerji
ii. Bipin Chandra Pal
iii. Mrs. Annie Besant
iv. Madan Mohan Malviya
Codes :
(1) iii, i, ii, iv
(2) i, ii, iii, iv
(3) iv, iii, ii, i
(4) ii, i, iv, iii
53. Arrange the following in the chronological order of their evolution and choose the correct answer from the codes below :
i. Natural law theory of Rights
ii. Positive law theory of Rights
iii. Historical and evolutionary theory of Rights
iv. Sociological positivist theory of Rights
Codes :
(1) iii, i, ii, iv
(2) i, ii, iv, iii
(3) i, iii, ii, iv
(4) i, ii, iii, iv
54. Match the List – I with List – II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
55. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct answer with the help of codes given below :
i. Convention on offences and certain other Acts committed on Board Aircraft.
ii. Convention for suppression of unlawful seizure of aircraft.
iii. Convention for the suppression of unlawful Acts against safety of civil aviation.
iv. Convention on prevention and punishment of crimes against internationally protection persons, including diplomatic agents.
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii, iv
(2) ii, i, iii, iv
(3) iv, ii, i, iii
(4) iv, iii, ii, i
56. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct answers with the help of codes given below :
i. The Total Sanitation Campaign Scheme
ii. The Rashtriya Madhyanik Shiksha Abhiyan Scheme
iii. The Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana
iv. Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
Codes :
(1) iv, iii, ii, i
(2) i, ii, iii, iv
(3) i, iii, ii, iv
(4) i, iv, iii, ii
57. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer with the help of the code given below :
58.
59. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer with the help of the code given below :
60. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below :
61. Arrange the following in the chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
i. American declaration of the Rights and Duties of man
ii. American convention on Human Rights
iii. African charter on Human and People’s Rights
iv. Inter American convention to prevent and punish torture.
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iv, iii
(2) i, ii, iii, iv
(3) ii, i, iii, iv
(4) ii, i, iv, iii
62. Arrange the following in the chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
i. Universal declaration on the Human Genom and Human Rights.
ii. Declaration on fundamental principles and rights at work.
iii. Declaration on the rights to development
iv. Copenhagen declaration on social rights
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii, iv
(2) i, ii, iv, iii
(3) iii, iv, i, ii
(4) iv, iii, ii, i
63. In which case the right to Education Act, 2002 was held unconstitutional to the extent that it imposes reservation of OBC, SC, ST students on admission to minority unaided educational institutions ?
(1) T.M.A. Pai (π) case
(2) Islamic Educational Foundation Case
(3) Inamdar Case
(4) Pramati Educational & Cultural Trust Case
64. Arrange the following cases in the chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes below :
i. A.K. Gopalan vs. Union of India
ii. Maneka Gandhi vs. Union of India
iii. P.U.C.L. vs. Union of India (Asiad case)
iv. Hussainara Khatoon vs. State of Bihar
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iv, iii
(2) i, ii, iii, iv
(3) ii, iii, i, iv
(4) iv, i, ii, iii
65. Arrange the following cases in the chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes below :
i. Visakha’s case
ii. Maneka Gandhi’s case
iii. M.C. Mehta’s case on olium gas leakage
iv. M.C. Mehta’s case on child labour
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii, iv
(2) ii, i, iii, iv
(3) ii, iii, i, iv
(4) ii, iii, iv, i
66. Arrange the following in the chronological order of their appearance in the Constitution and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
i. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
ii. Freedom of associations or unions
iii. Freedom of conscience
iv. Right to Education
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii, iv
(2) ii, i, iii, iv
(3) i, ii, iv, iii
(4) ii, i, iv, iii
67. Arrange the following in the chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
i. Child Marriage Restraint Act
ii. The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act
iii. Right to Education Act
iv. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act
Codes :
(1) ii, i, iii, iv
(2) i, ii, iv, iii
(3) i, ii, iii, iv
(4) ii, i, iv, iii
68. Arrange the following in the chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
i. League of Nations
ii. The U.N. Charter
iii. World War – II
iv. U.D.H.R.
Codes :
(1) i, ii, iii, iv
(2) i, iii, ii, iv
(3) i, iv, iii, ii
(4) iii, i, iv, ii
69. Arrange the following in the chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
i. Geneva Protocol (regarding chemical and biological weapons)
ii. Antarctic treaty
iii. Partial Test Ban Treaty
iv. Outer Space Treaty
Codes :
(1) iv, iii, ii, i
(2) i, ii, iii, iv
(3) iv, i, ii, iii
(4) i, iv, ii, iii
70. Arrange the following in the chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
i. Election Commission of India
ii. National Commission for Scheduled Castes
iii. National Human Rights Commission of India
iv. National Commission for Women
Codes :
(1) i, iv, iii, ii
(2) i, ii, iii, iv
(3) i, ii, iv, iii
(4) ii, i, iii, iv
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow, based on your understanding of the passage : (Question Numbers 71 to 75)
For all practical purposes, however, the conditions of humanity in Africa can be divided into three periods of its history : the pre-colonial period; the colonial period; and the post-colonial period. Prior to the arrival of foreigners (Arabs, Europeans, Americans and Asians) and the imposition of their rule of Africans, the latter had lived traditional lives celebrating their ancestors, major events, traditions and socio-political, cultural and economic arrangements and associations. The ‘Spirit of Africa’ had reigned – fairness, justice, honesty, discipline, obedience, collaboration, collective responsibility, African virtues and values and extended family codes had been shared and enjoyed from time immemorial. That was the essence of African socialism until European colonial rule began to dismantle it. Complete ownership of environs and possessions – the common heritage of homo africanus – had exited. Thus, the status of Africa as terra Africana, the property of homo africanus excluded every condition of
terra nullius.
Alas, things changed after 1492 which introduced a new ‘period of discovery’ by Europeans. Contacts with Africa and other foreign lands – that is, non-European countries – were formalized. This period thus started the end of pure African human rights observances and deprived Africa of its status of terra Africana because foreigners made it their land (terra peregrina). The arrival of homo alienus in Africa therefore marked the beginning of a period in which the rights of the African peoples would not only be disregarded but would also be systematically suppressed and even abolished by foreign interests. Hominies alieni were mainly interested in exploiting and subjugating Africa through commercial enterprises such as the slave trade, through the quest for fame, and through greed and gratification in terms of territorial aggrandisements, wealth and adventure. Those concerned – that is American and European explorers, geographers and missionaries who were interested in the ‘conversion of souls and their civilization’, rebels and the exiled who fled Europe to avoid persecution, poverty and other forms of social and religious injustices – deprived Africa of its identity. They were interested in exploiting Africans, taking over their possessions and perpetuating African dependency on foreigners and administrators who were determined to subjugate them to Europeans rule and ways of living. They deprived Africans of their ways of thinking, living and political processes and procedures. African values were described as ‘primitive’ by Europeans.
The latter’s colonial policies and practices by depriving Africans of their culture and the traditional human values inherent in the African person from time immemorial, carried out some of the worst human rights violations ever recorded in history. Those policies and practices were institutionalized in the late nineteenth century, following the Berlin Congress of 1884-85 on the ‘Scramble for Africa’.
The Berlin Conference was convened by six European powers – Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom – which decided to divide Africa into their ‘spheres of influence’ by fixing artificial borders on arbitrary, geographical lines on the map of Africa, without considering or respecting ethnic or tribal possessions, backgrounds, cultures, traditions or customs.
These geographical divisions either disintegrated nations and peoples who should have been together or united those who should have remained separate. However, in 1964 the organization of African Unity (OAU), in one of its resolutions provided, inter alia, that ‘All Member States pledge themselves to respect the frontiers existing on the achievement of national independence. That decision of the OAU summit to uphold the colonial divisions was historic but has since been questioned. Should African leaders have redefined and redrawn borders, taking into account national entities and tribal demarcations, in order to correct the colonial errors of the Berlin Conference ? The answer to this question must be negative, because any attempt to reposition African boundaries would have caused immense conflict, disagreement and bloodshed and would have proved impossible among the newly liberated African nations. This fear was realized in subsequent years whenever groups of individuals and / or ‘liberation’ movements demanded self-determination or secession and / or independence.
The colonial masters implicitly, and often explicitly, encouraged and even supported such secessionist activities and tendencies. The colonial policy of ‘divide and rule’ not only set the various African tribes and ethnic groups against each other, it also introduced a class system in African society which valued people according to the colour of their skin : the whites were at the top of the ladder; the Asian followed; then came the Arabs; and the Africans were at the bottom. Africans had their lands confiscated by European colonialists and they became squatters or servants on their ancestral lands. Such racial stratification blatantly violated the rights of the African peoples and led in subsequent years to bloody African resistance to racial injustice and discrimination whose repercussions are still felt today.
Despite independence, the remnants of European colonial policies and practices have haunted Africa in the form of tribal wars and conflicts which threaten the disintegration of African countries. The genocide among the Tutsi and Hutu of Rwanda and Burundi are good examples in point. Unfortunately for Africa, the violation of human rights is quite often believed to be more pronounced in post-colonial Africa. Indeed, the behaviour of some African leaders has been far worse in terms of human rights than that of the colonial rulers in pre-independence Africa.
71. Which of the following does not constitute a part of the ‘Spirit of Africa’ ?
(1) Fairness
(2) Collective responsibility
(3) Individual responsibility
(4) Justice
72. Tribal wars and conflicts in Africa are primarily the result of
(1) Poverty and famine in most African states
(2) Dictatorial regimes in African continent
(3) Racial discrimination and apartheid policies
(4) European colonial polices and practices of ‘divide and rule’
73. Which sequence of arrival of foreigners, home alienus in the pre-colonial period is historically true ?
(1) Europeans, Americans, Arabs and Asians
(2) Arabs, Europeans, Americans and Asians
(3) Arabs, Asians, Europeans and Americans
(4) Asians, Arabs, Europeans and Americans
74. The main purpose of Berlin Conference was to
(1) Legalise colonial rule on African states
(2) Fix artificial borders of African states
(3) Suppress African cultures, traditions or customs
(4) Develop unity among colonial states
75. Which of the following statement is NOT true ?
(1) The OAU was created in 1964.
(2) The OAU adopted a resolution stating that all member states pledge themselves to respect the borders existing on the achievement of national independence.
(3) Secessionist movements do not form part of self-determination.
(4) African values were described as ‘Primitive’ by Europeans
Latest Govt Job & Exam Updates: