DEFENCE & STRATEGIC STUDIES
PAPER – II
Note : This paper contains hundred (100) objective type questions of two (2) marks each. All questions are compulsory.
1. According to Carl Von Clausewitz, which one of the following is not the main object of warfare :
(1) To conquer and destroy the armed power of the enemy.
(2) To take possession of his material and other sources of strength.
(3) To bring cease-fire.
(4) To gain public opinion.
2. Identify the correct code for the following Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : National resources constitute one of the most important elements of National Power.
Reason (R) : A country rich in natural resources is only potentially powerful.
Code :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are wrong.
(2) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the logical explanation of (A).
3. Identify the correct code for the following Assertion (A) and Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : Multi-national corporations often argue for neglecting the concept of ‘sovereignty’.
Reason (R) : They argue because they believe in free flow of capital.
Code :
(1) (R) is the appropriate explanation of (A).
(2) (A) is the appropriate explanation of (R).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
4. Who among the following stated that “I strongly believe, a soldier should be on border rather than standing in court for Justice” ?
(1) A.K. Antony
(2) Arun Jaitley
(3) Nirmala Sitaraman
(4) Manohar Parrikar
5. Which one of the following Bilateral Naval Exercise has been conducted between India and Singapore ?
(1) Malabar
(2) Simbex – 17
(3) Ausindex – 17
(4) Varuna
6. Match the following Strategic Thinkers in List – I given below with their respective domain of doctrines in List – II with the help of code given below :
7. Match the following Authors in List – I with their books in List – II and use the code given below :
8. Which one of the following assumptions does not characterize the “Detente” during 1960s and 1970s of the Cold War era :
(1) Easing of Cold War tensions between the USA and the erstwhile Soviet Union.
(2) Improved relations between the USA and the erstwhile Soviet Union.
(3) The release of tensions heralded improvement in relations between the US and the erstwhile Soviet Union, but differences in outlook led to an increasing number of conflicts.
(4) The Western and Eastern European allies of the two super powers also experienced detente and better cooperation during this period.
9. The ‘SAMADHAN’ doctrine is related to which one of the following problems :
(1) To tackle the problem of arms smuggling.
(2) To tackle the problem of drugs and narcotics.
(3) To tackle the problem of Naxalism.
(4) To tackle the problem of Cross-border terrorism.
10. The CRPF celebrated which raising day in July, 2017 :
(1) 75th Raising Day
(2) 76th Raising Day
(3) 77th Raising Day
(4) 78th Raising Day
11. Who amongst the following gave the statement that “India must strive to develop comprehensive national power to tackle the challenges posed by the shift in global strategic focus towards the Asia – pacific region” :
(1) P.V. Narasimha Rao
(2) I.K. Gujral
(3) Narendra Modi
(4) Manmohan Singh
12. Which one of the following is not a Key assumption of the Realist approach :
(1) States are the principal actors in International Relations.
(2) International and domestic politics are separate entities.
(3) The International system is anarchic.
(4) International peace is obtained only when states achieve self-determination.
13. Which one of the following clearly represents the core of ‘Soft Power’ :
(1) Weakening of hegemonic influence.
(2) Collaboration among several emerging powers.
(3) Getting other countries to agree with you without using coercive force.
(4) The influence of financial institutions and markets increases.
14. Comparative foreign policy is the study of :
(1) Different Foreign Policy options put forward by state bureaucratic agencies.
(2) Foreign Policy in various states.
(3) Foreign Policy adopted by different governments of a state.
(4) The differences in the outcomes of different Foreign Policies.
15. Which approach to International relations argues that states behave in structurally similar ways regardless of their regime type, geographical location and political ideology :
(1) Idealism
(2) Liberalism
(3) Constructivism
(4) Realism
16. Who amongst the following stated that “In a war of revolutionary character, guerrilla operations are a necessary part” :
(1) Mao Zedong
(2) Ho Chi Minh
(3) Lenin
(4) Regis Debray
17. Match the statements given in List – I with the corresponding Principles of War in the List – II by using the code mentioned below :
18. Identify the correct code for the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) as given below :
Assertion (A) : The glue that binds troops is always more morale than physical during war.
Reason (R) : Strong teams have high morale; weak teams have low morale.
Code :
(1) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(2) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
(3) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
19. Who among the following was the mastermind of the massacre at the Holy Artisan Bakery in July, 2016 in Dhaka ?
(1) Sheikh Aslam Chowdhury
(2) Mohammad Iqbal Chowdhary
(3) Syed Jamal Ali Rehman
(4) Tamin Ahmed Chowdhury
20. Identify the correct code for the following Assertion (A) and Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : The international situation and the fundamental causes of war cannot be altered by mere intervention of military technology.
Reason (R) : Armaments are not the only cause of war which can alter the international strategic environment.
Code :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(2) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(3) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
(4) (R) is the appropriate explanation of (A).
21. The idea of “Democratic Peace” is related to which one of the following :
(1) Proliferation of WMD weapons
(2) A central plank of liberal internationalist thought
(3) Balance of power theory
(4) Terrorism
22. Which one of the following is the core principle of Non-alignment :
(1) Keep away from international affairs.
(2) Keep away from the activities of international organisation.
(3) Avoidance of Economic alliance.
(4) Not to be part of any military alliance.
23. The Bolshevick revolution of 1917 in Russia helped the Indian National Movement by giving the strength as :
(1) It strengthened the will of the freedom fighters in India.
(2) The Indian leadership understood the power of the common people.
(3) It gave strength and power to the radicals fighting for India’s freedom.
(4) It gave impetus and enhanced the cause of freedom movement in India.
24. What does the International Bill of Human Rights provide :
(1) A list of economic rights.
(2) The rights that all citizens hold.
(3) A list indivisible human rights covering civil and political rights.
(4) An authoritative list of human rights covering civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights.
25. Arrange the following in the ascending chronological order by using the code given below :
(a) India-China Border Peace and Tranquillity Agreement
(b) Indo-Soviet Treaty for Peace, Friendship and Co-operation.
(c) India-China Agreement on Military Confidence Building Measures.
(d) Rajiv Gandhi’s visit to Beijing.
Code :
(1) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(2) (b), (c), (d), (a)
(3) (c), (d), (a), (b)
(4) (b), (d), (a), (c)
26. Arrange the following events in the ascending chronological order by using the code given below :
(a) India’s international relief operations for victim of cyclone Nargis in Myanmar.
(b) Indian Navy’s mission against the Portuguese Navy during the liberation of Goa.
(c) Indian Navy’s ‘Operation Trident’.
(d) Establishment of the Indian Naval Academy at Ezhimala, Kerala.
Code :
(1) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(2) (b), (c), (a), (d)
(3) (c), (d), (a), (b)
(4) (d), (c), (b), (a)
27. Arrange the following military operations of Indian Armed Forces in the ascending chronological order by using the code given below :
(a) Operation Rainbow
(b) Operation Woodrose
(c) Operation Python
(d) Operation Polo
Code :
(1) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(2) (b), (c), (d), (a)
(3) (c), (d), (a), (b)
(4) (d), (c), (b), (a)
28. Match the following nuclear disasters given in List – I with the countries of their occurrences in List – II by using the code mentioned below :
29. Arrange the following treaties in the ascending chronological order by using the code given below :
(a) Mine Ban Treaty (MBT)
(b) Peaceful Nuclear Explosion Treaty (PNET)
(c) Open Skies Treaty (OST)
(d) Arms Trade Treaty (ATT)
Code :
(1) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(2) (b), (c), (a), (d)
(3) (c), (d), (b), (a)
(4) (d), (a), (c), (b)
30. Which one of the following battles was not fought in the North African Theatre of World War II :
(1) Battle of El Alamein
(2) Battle of Alam Halfa
(3) Naval Battle of Casablanka
(4) Battle of Santa Cruz
31. Which one of the following military operations was not occurred during the World War II ?
(1) Operation Compass
(2) Operation Torch
(3) Operation Vengeance
(4) Operation Siege Antwerp
32. Which one of the following was the symbolic target of attacks on the World Trade Centre in 1993 and 2001 :
(1) Citizens of USA
(2) Global Capitalism
(3) President Clinton
(4) Technological imperialism
33. Who amongst the following has defined war as “Organized violence carried on by political units against each other” :
(1) Thucydides
(2) Quincy Wright
(3) Hedly Bull
(4) Karl Von Clausewitz
34. The ‘State of War’ condition can be defined as which one of the following :
(1) A state that is aggressive and always building up its military.
(2) The condition when there is no actual conflict but a permanent Cold War that could become a ‘real’ war at any time.
(3) A situation in which several neighbouring states are at War.
(4) Nuclearization of a region.
35. Nerve agents disrupts neurotransmission using which one of the organic compounds :
(1) Phosphonates
(2) Sulfates
(3) Nitrates
(4) Arsenates
36. Which one of the following countries used the war planes, namely – Mig 21 MF, Mig 17 F, Mig 21 during the Yom Kippur War of 1973 ?
(1) Egypt
(2) Jordan
(3) Syria
(4) Israel
37. Who amongst the following said, – “We have spoken in one voice against Terrorism. Those who can understand will understand ……. . Those who indulge in Terrorism must be punished.
That is the message resonating here today”.
(1) Sheikh Hasina
(2) Narendra Modi
(3) Donald Trumph
(4) Henry Kissinger
38. Identify the correct code for Assertion (A) and Reason (R) on the basis of the code given below :
Assertion (A) : The fall in oil prices severely effect the revenues of the Middle-East oil producing countries.
Reason (R) : It is because of disequilibrium existing in the demand-supply equation.
Code :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(4) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
39. ‘Red Wagon’ refers to which one of the following ?
(1) It is a classified unmanned aerial vehicle started in USA after 1960.
(2) It was a unmanned vehicle which could launch multiple rockets simultaneously.
(3) It was a unmanned projectory launch vehicle from where missiles could be launched.
(4) It was a unmanned launch vehicle from where satellites for observation could be launched.
40. The introduction of Buddhism into Japan and of Christianity into Africa are examples of which one of the following :
(1) Modernization
(2) Ethnic conflict
(3) Cultural diffusion
(4) Isolation
41. The Kaladan transport project of India is related to which one of the following country :
(1) Sri Lanka
(2) Nepal
(3) Pakistan
(4) Myanmar
42. India has Kalapani and Susta territorial disputes with which one of the following countries :
(1) Bangladesh
(2) Nepal
(3) Myanmar
(4) Sri Lanka
43. The Old Suez Canal was opened on :
(1) 17th November, 1869
(2) 21st November, 1869
(3) 19th November, 1869
(4) 23rd November, 1869
44. Pakistan will deploy its troops in which one of the following country ?
(1) Bahrain
(2) Kuwait
(3) Oman
(4) Saudi Arabia
45. The ‘Garland Highway’ is situated in which one of the following countries :
(1) Iraq
(2) S. Arabia
(3) Afghanistan
(4) China
46. Which one of the following crimes would come under the leading of ‘Organised Crime’ ?
(1) Industrial strike
(2) Students violence
(3) Money Laundering
(4) Public Unrest
47. Match the following Border lines in List – I given below with their respective countries in List – II by choosing correct code given below :
48. Who amongst the following discovered ‘Acid Rain’, causing environmental pollution :
(1) J.C. Base
(2) F. Herbert Bornmann
(3) David King
(4) Gene E. Likens
49. With reference to India-China relations, who amongst the following persons said that “It is true that we have a border dispute with China. But in the last 40 years, not a single bullet has been fired because of border dispute”.
(1) Sushma Swaraj
(2) Narendra Modi
(3) K.M. Pannikar
(4) B.C. Joshi
50. Identify the correct code for Assertion (A) and Reason (R) on the basis of the code given below :
Assertion (A) : The aim of China’s growing military, technological and economic power is to acquire supremacy in the region.
Reason (R) : China’s intention is to politically dominate the countries of South Asia.
Code :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the logical explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(4) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
51. Identify the correct code for the following Assertion (A) and Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : The UN seems to have become a tool in the hands of great powers.
Reason (R) : The Security Council has overshadowed the organs of the UN.
Code :
(1) (R) is not the appropriate explanation of (A).
(2) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(3) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
52. Which one of the following is the best description of INS Astradharini ?
(1) Nuclear Powered Submarine
(2) Nuclear Powered Aircraft Carrier
(3) Amphibious Warfare Ship
(4) Torpedo Launch and Recovery Carrier
53. Confidence Building Measures in cyberspace are not feasible on account of which one of the following.
(1) Having dual nature of cyber tools and countries interest in preserving strategic ambiguity regarding their capabilities.
(2) Having clear definition of ‘cyber military capabilities’ and clear separation of military and civilian capabilities.
(3) Having concrete Cooperatives in case of cyber incidents of harmful nature.
(4) Having non-discriminatory legislative frameworks and respect for norms, rule of law and human rights.
54. Identify the correct code for the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) as given below :
Assertion (A) : The rapidly shifting global digital environment is raising concerns about the sustainability of the positive contribution that the Internet has made towards economic and human development.
Reason (R) : The reliance on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platforms for delivery of government, financial and public services makes their users vulnerable to cyber attacks by organised criminal groups or foreign governments.
Code :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are not correct, nor (R) is a comprehensive explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not a comprehensive explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(4) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
55. Which amongst the following schools of thought within the philosophy of the “Revolution in Military Affairs” is most widely accepted in the United States :
(1) “System of systems”, integrating all military forces and command.
(2) “Dominant battlespace dominance” by having a complete global surveillance system.
(3) “Global reach, global power”, identifying any target on earth in real-time, and deploying weapon systems that can destroy the target.
(4) “Vulnerability”, coupled with the acceptance of a greater degree of complexity and dependence on technological systems.
56. Which one of the following factors doesn’t characterize the current concept of “Revolution in Military Affairs” ?
(1) Integration of military, doctrinal and technological elements into new military structures and tactics.
(2) Transformation of military into smaller and more lethal forces.
(3) Structural changes in the operational environment of the international system and high investment in R & D and military expenditure.
(4) Successive priorities to bring about required changes.
57. Identify the correct code for the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) as given below :
Assertion (A) : If it is was to ensure a peaceful external environment to concentrate on using the supportive international economic milieu for India’s rapid growth and fundamental transformation, the United States would be critical to the
endeavour.
Reason (R) : In each case the United States could be either spoiler or enabler for India to attain its goals.
Code :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(4) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
58. The Headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency is located in which one of the following cities :
(1) Vienna
(2) Paris
(3) Washington
(4) Geneva
59. Which one of the following is Forum for G-77 Summit :
(1) North-South Cooperation
(2) South-South Cooperation
(3) East-West Cooperation
(4) North-North Cooperation
60. Which one of the following institutions is known as ‘Soft loan window’ of the World Bank :
(1) Indian Development Forum
(2) International Monetary Fund
(3) International Finance Corporation
(4) International Development Agency
61. Identify the correct code for the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) for the code given below :
Assertion (A) : The defence resource management system known as Planning, Programming and Budgeting System (PPBS) is introduced by many developed countries.
Reason (R) : Strategy development and budgeting are treated as almost independent activities in many countries.
Code :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the comprehensive explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(3) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
(4) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
62. Identify the correct code for the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) for the code given below :
Assertion (A) : Defence planning is a complex area that seeks to ensure that a defence system has the necessary forces, assets, facilities and capabilities of fulfil its tasks.
Reason (R) : Strategic planning usually provides broad strategic goals, describes risks and threats, declares policies and defines available resources and constraints.
Code :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(3) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
(4) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
63. Which one of the following is associated with the term ‘INDARC’ :
(1) An indigenously developed radar system inducted into Indian Defence.
(2) India’s Satellite to provide services to countries of Indian Ocean Rim.
(3) A Scientific establishment set up by India in Antarctic region.
(4) India’s underwater observatory to scientifically study the Arctic region.
64. The term ‘Fat Boy in Space’ refers to which one of the following ?
(1) Mangalayan
(2) Cartostat
(3) IRNSS
(4) GSLV Mark – III
65. The main aim of Barak (3) missile is :
(1) to provide the user the capability to neutralise any aerial threat.
(2) to pre-empt any missile threat from the sea.
(3) to provide the user the capability to neutralise any threat from the land.
(4) to provide the user the capability to pre-empt any threat from the space.
66. Indian Space Agency ISRO on 15th February 2017 scripted history by successfully launching a record of Satellites on a single rocket from the spaceport in Sriharikota are :
(1) 84 Satellites
(2) 94 Satellites
(3) 104 Satellites
(4) 114 Satellites
67. Identify the correct code for the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) on the basis of code given below :
Assertion (A) : USA is keen to extend NATO’s influence into Eastern Europe.
Reason (R) : USA wants to balance the states of Eastern Europe with those of Western Europe.
Code :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the logic of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(3) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(4) (R) is correct, but (A) is not correct.
68. The Presidential House in South Korea is known as :
(1) Blue House
(2) White House
(3) Green House
(4) Pink House
69. Who among the following is the President of South Africa :
(1) Nelson Mandela
(2) Mogoeng Mogoeng
(3) Cyril Ramaphosa
(4) Jacob Zuma
70. Who among the following leaders the term ‘Long March’ was associated with :
(1) Vladamir Ulyanova Lenin
(2) Mahatma Gandhi
(3) Mao Tse – Tung
(4) Subhash Chandra Bose
71. Which one of the following plans was associated with Reconstruction of Europe ?
(1) Baruch Plan
(2) Truman Plan
(3) German Plan
(4) Marshal Plan
72. Who among the following stated that “I never thought I would visit (the South) so suddenly and believed much would be strange and different but I saw many things that were similar or the same”?
(1) Moon Jae-in
(2) Lee Nak-Yeon
(3) Mike Pence
(4) Kim-yo-Jong
73. Arrange the following in the ascending chronological order by using the code given below :
(a) Triple Alliance or Triplice formed
(b) Franco – Russian Alliance formed
(c) Franco – British “Entente cordiale” Agreements
(d) Anglo – Russian Entente Agreement
Code :
(1) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(2) (b), (c), (d), (a)
(3) (c), (d), (a), (b)
(4) (d), (a), (b), (c)
74. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) gave the verdict on the case filed by the tiny Marshal Islands against India, Pakistan and Britain on :
(1) 10th May, 2016
(2) 5th October, 2016
(3) 10th June, 2016
(4) 5th November, 2016
75. The 2001 Nice Treaty between EU members is related which one of the following ?
(1) Removal of all non – tarriff barriers
(2) Led to the Eastward expansion of European Community
(3) Destroyed the pound
(4) Created the common market
76. Which one of the following is the role of the European Commission ?
(1) Initiating, administering and overseeing the implementation of EU policies and Legislation.
(2) Representatives of the EU investigating the operations of other institutions.
(3) Representing the views of national governments.
(4) Determining the ultimate shape of EU Legislation.
77. Identify the correct code for the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) as given below :
Assertion (A) : The 1993 Border Peace and Tranquillity Agreement between India and China enabled both to have a legally binding reality to move beyond the Cobweb of 1962 conflict.
Reason (R) : This remained easier for China, for it was the victor in that conflict, while India still bears psychological scars from 1962 debacle.
Code :
(1) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
(2) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
(3) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct interpretation of (A).
(4) Both (A) and (R) are not correct. Nor (R) is the correct interpretation of (A).
78. Arrange the following Arms Control Agreements in the ascending chronological order by using the code given below :
(a) Chemical Weapons Convention.
(b) Limited Test Ban Treaty
(c) Biological and Toxic Weapons Convention.
(d) The Protocol for the Prohibition of the use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare.
Code :
(1) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(2) (b), (c), (d), (a)
(3) (d), (b), (c), (a)
(4) (c), (d), (a), (b)
79. Which one of the following countries was not involved in negotiating the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 :
(1) The United States
(2) Japan
(3) United Kingdom
(4) Germany
80. Arrange the following in the ascending chronological order by using the code given below :
(a) African Nuclear Weapons – Free Zone Treaty
(b) South Pacific Nuclear Weapons – Free Zone Treaty
(c) Convention on Cluster Munitions
(d) Agreed Framework Between The United States and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK).
Code :
(1) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(2) (b), (d), (a), (c)
(3) (c), (b), (d), (a)
(4) (d), (c), (a), (b)
81. Which one of the following is considered as the origin of natural law thinking :
(1) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
(2) The Magna Carta
(3) Greek, Christian and Medieval Catholic theology
(4) Confucianism
82. Which one of the following is the main function of the World Trade Organization (WTO) :
(1) Enforcing of Uruguay Round Agreements.
(2) Administering trade dispute settlement procedures
(3) Facilitating multi-lateral trade relations of member countries and reviewing trade policies.
(4) Promoting trade barriers
83. Which one of the following is the legitimate case of humanitarian intervention in international politics ?
(1) When it is done to prevent genocide.
(2) When it is done to take down a murderous regime.
(3) When it is done to alleviate famine.
(4) When it is done through the chapter – VII enforcement provisions of the Security Council of the United Nations.
84. Which one of the following is an example of how emerging powers have impacted the international governance system ?
(1) India, Brazil and South Africa have been installed as Permanent Observer Countries in the UN Security Council.
(2) The BASIC countries have created a formal intergovernmental organization similar to G8.
(3) Brazil and India have joined the US and the EU as a member of the WTO inner negotiating circle.
(4) ASEAN has been granted the right to appoint a senior Vice President of the World Bank Group.
85. ‘Liberal Global Order’ relates to which one of the following ?
(1) A 1990s assumption that liberal values as defined and promoted by the United States is leading towards a more tranquil world.
(2) A neo – realist ironical denouncement of soft values as a major factor in international affairs.
(3) A UN doctrine meant to guide diplomatic relations, first advanced by Secretary General Pérez de Cuéllar.
(4) A theoretical explanation how financial and trade globalization will spill over to other areas and gradually deepen integration.
86. Which one of the following is NOT one of the arguments made by Kenneth Waltz in the ‘The Stability of a Bipolar World’ in favour of bipolar stability ?
(1) There are no peripheries in a bipolar system.
(2) There is a high degree of uncertainty in a bipolar system.
(3) There is nearly constant pressure and recurring crises.
(4) There is an increased intensity and extension of the range of conflicts.
87. The importance of Woodrow Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” to the study of International Relations is because of which one of the following ?
(1) They are the foundations for the Realist approach in International Relations.
(2) They are the foundations for the Idealist approach in International Relations.
(3) They are the foundations for the Liberal approach in International Relations.
(4) They are the foundations for Deterrence theories in International Relations.
88. Who amongst the following authorities argued that “Nuclear weapons provide the glue that has held the Western alliance together” ?
(1) Henry Kissinger
(2) James Schlesinger
(3) Bill Clinton
(4) George P. Shultz
89. “R to P” relates to which one of the following :
(1) “Responsibility to Protect” populations from genocide, war crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing was unanimously adopted by all UN members at the 2005 World Summit.
(2) Protection of populations from natural disasters
(3) Protection of asylum seekers
(4) Protection of minority groups
90. The UN Secretary – General, who released the first report on “Implementing the Responsibility to Protect (R to P)”.
(1) Kofi Annan
(2) Ban Ki-Moon
(3) Boutras – Boutras Ghali
(4) Antonio Guterres
91. Which one of the following trends was not supportive to the arms trade in the 20th Century ?
(1) The arms trade shifts from being a private to a government controlled enterprise.
(2) An increase in arms trade.
(3) Decrease in Defence budgets.
(4) A growth in a number and variety of weapons traded.
92. Which one of the following nations recently signed a refugee deal with European Union :
(1) Syria
(2) Egypt
(3) Turkey
(4) Morocco
93. Who amongst the following former US Presidents said, “There are no easy answers, but there are simple answers. We must have the courage to do what we know is morally right” ?
(1) Jimmy Carter
(2) George W. Bush
(3) Richard Nixon
(4) Ronald Reagan
94. The three levels of institutions in modern international society are :
(1) States, NGO’s, IGO’s
(2) Constitutional institutions, Fundamental institutions and regimes.
(3) Local, National and International
(4) NGO’s, IGO’s and public organizations
95. ‘Jus ad bellum’ is related to which one of the following :
(1) Justice and beauty
(2) Justice and order
(3) The principle that states must observe treaties
(4) Laws of war governing when it is legal to use force as wage war.
Read the passage below and answer the following questions from 96 to 100 that are based on your understanding of the passage :
In China, disintegration has been a threat throughout history. But as in Europe, the threat has intensified since 2008, when it became clear that China’s economic rise was not unstoppable. The government is trapped between conflicting economic and political realities. It cannot sustain breakneck growth on a foundation of low-wage exports, but it does not yet have the middle class needed to boost domestic consumption to levels that would insulate it from downturns in distant consumer markets. The reforms required to put the economy on sound footing would be extremely painful, risking major job losses that would threaten the political standing of the Communist Party. China’s leaders have tried to split the difference by keeping the economy humming with credit – driven growth while implementing only modest reform. But this has merely left the country with enormous debt bubbles and a looming housing crisis, and only slightly closer to addressing its underlying problems. The risks of instability remain.
Thus, in 2017, the Communist Party consolidated its grip over society under President Xi Jinping, who spent much of the year purging rivals, reining in wayward economic sectors and warning that China had entered a “new era” marked by slower growth. He has become China’s most powerful leader perhaps since Mao Zedong – and the underlying driver of his power consolidation was the threat of disintegration. There was a sufficiently widespread belief among Chinese elites that reconciling the country’s deep internal contradictions required a strongman at the helm. If political repercussions from China’s post – 2008 economic path are inevitable, then the only option is to try to contain the political fallout through authoritarian means, or so the thinking in Beijing goes.
The shortcomings of Xi’s authoritarianism are inevitable, and signs of a backlash will begin to emerge in 2018. Xi is already seeking to take advantage of the new political environment and the window of stable growth to double down on painful reforms. But the reforms themselves, particularly reducing industry capacity and introducing measures to cool real estate markets, will slow China’s growth, leading to job losses and discontent. Beijing will also attempt to streamline bloated industries by picking winners and losers. Some of the losers will have political clout and an axe to grind. Xi and his allies will respond forcefully to any signs of dissent. Xi is too powerful to be taken down in the near future, but the near future will be tumultuous anyway.
96. What is the trap that China has been caught in since 2008 ?
(1) China does not have a middle class
(2) China is caught between conflicting economic and political realities.
(3) China is caught between capitalism and socialism
(4) China is caught in the “new era” and its aspirations.
97. Why could China not sustain its growth rate on the foundation of low wage exports ?
(1) Because the reforms required would be extremely painful
(2) Because the Chinese leadership tried only for modest reforms
(3) Because China needed to make more profits by paying low wages.
(4) Because the risks remained unavoidable
98. Which one of the following was the major goals of Xi – Jinping ?
(1) To enter the “new era”.
(2) To reduce private capital
(3) To purge rivals
(4) To share power with other politician
99. What did the Chinese elites believed in ?
(1) China needed a strongman at the helm
(2) China needed to adopt co-operative federalism
(3) China is destined to be destroyed
(4) China ought to be a super power
100. What will lead to slowing of China’s growth ?
(1) Introducing reforms in real estate market
(2) By trying to contain discontent
(3) By increasing Jobs for the unemployed
(4) By increasing industrial capacity
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