LINGUISTICS
Paper – III
Note : This paper contains seventy five (75) objective type questions of two (2) marks each. All questions are compulsory.
1. Voice Onset Time refers to the timing of onset of voice for a plosive in relation to the
(A) beginning of a closure
(B) retention of a closure
(C) partly retention of a closure
(D) releasing of a closure
2. I. Opposition or contrast refers to any paradigmatic relation between units that are distinct in a given language.
II. Neutralization refers to the suppression of an opposition between morphemes in phonological form.
III. Opposition or contrast refers to any syntagmatic relation between units that are distinct in a given language.
IV. Neutralization refers to the suppression of an opposition between phonemes in one position when the opposition is present in other positions.
Select the correct pair from the codes given below :
Codes :
(A) I and II are correct.
(B) II and III are correct.
(C) I and IV are correct.
(D) III and IV are correct.
3. Assertion (I) : The term ‘filter’ refers to a mechanism constructed to reinforce certain frequencies of a complex sound and to weaken others in order to modify its timbre.
Assertion (II) : Our oral and nasal cavities form an acoustic filter.
Codes :
(A) (I) is true and (II) is false.
(B) (I) is false and (II) is true.
(C) Both (I) and (II) are true.
(D) Both (I) and (II) are false.
4. Match the items in List – I with those in List – II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
5. Assertion (I) : In lexical phonology lexicon has a productive role. It consists of ordered levels in which certain phonological and morphological processes take place.
Assertion (II) : Lexical phonology accounts for the interactions of morphology and syntax.
Codes :
(A) (I) is false and (II) is true.
(B) (I) is true and (II) is false.
(C) Both (I) and (II) are false.
(D) Both (I) and (II) are true.
6. A morphological marker that causativises the verb
(A) increases the number of actants/arguments of the verb.
(B) weakens the verb semantically.
(C) makes the verb infinitive.
(D) makes the verb morphologically simple.
7. Match items in List – I with those in List – II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
8. Assertion (I) : Morphological productivity is not a matter of YES or NO, rather it is an issue of MORE or LESS.
Assertion (II) : Morphological productivity is a matter of synchronic study of a morphological feature.
Codes :
(A) Only (I) is true, (II) is false.
(B) Both (I) and (II) are false.
(C) Both (I) and (II) are true.
(D) Only (II) is true, (I) is false.
9. An infinitive verb occurs with
a. no person, number and gender.
b. no tense, aspect and mood.
c. only person and number.
d. only aspect and mood.
Codes :
(A) All the above are correct.
(B) Only a is correct.
(C) Both a and b are correct.
(D) None of the above is correct.
10. An allomorph is defined as
a. a sound that occurs in any environment
b. a variant form of morpheme in some defined environment
c. a form of word that occurs independently
d. a form of word that brings semantic change in the word
Codes :
(A) All the above are correct.
(B) Only a, b and c are correct.
(C) Only b is correct.
(D) Only c and d are correct.
11. ‘Principle-A’ of Binding Theory is associated with which one of the following ?
(A) Refrential expression
(B) Reflexive pronoun
(C) Noun phrases
(D) Pro
12. Match the items in List – I with the items in List – II and answer by selecting the correct code :
13. Select the correct order :
I. Predicate
II. X-bar
III. VP
IV. DP
Codes :
(A) I – III – IV – II
(B) III – I – II – IV
(C) I – III – II – IV
(D) II – III – I – IV
14. Which one of the following are mentioned in Ross’s constraints ?
I. Empty category principle
II. Specified subject
III. projection principle
IV. Complex NP
Codes :
(A) I, II and IV
(B) II, III and IV
(C) II and III
(D) II and IV
15. Assertion (I) : In the sentence ‘John was invited’ the verb ‘invite’ combines with past tense morpheme.
Assertion (II) : In the sentence ‘Bill thanked John’ the verb ‘thank’ combines with past tense morpheme.
Codes :
(A) (I) is true, but (II) is false.
(B) (I) is false, but (II) is true.
(C) Both (I) and (II) are false.
(D) Both (I) and (II) are true.
16. The term which is traditionally used to label one of the three divisions of semiotics along with semantics and syntax is
(A) Competence
(B) Performance
(C) Pragmatics
(D) Tagmemics
17. Assertion (I) : Homonymy refers to lexical items which have the same form but they differ in meaning.
Assertion (II) : Hyponymy refers to lexical items which have different forms with same meaning.
Codes :
(A) (I) is false and (II) is true.
(B) (I) is true and (II) is false.
(C) Both (I) and (II) are false.
(D) Both (I) and (II) are true.
18. In semantic theories the term used to refer to a minimal unit of meaning is
(A) Lexeme
(B) Allomorph
(C) Sememe
(D) Tagmeme
19. Match the items in List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
20. What is the entailment of the sentence ‘Tracy is a spinster’ ?
(A) Tracy is a boy.
(B) Tracy is a girl.
(C) Tracy is an old man.
(D) Tracy is an old woman.
21. Assertion (I) : Idiolect is a term used in linguistics to refer to the linguistic system of an individual speaker.
Assertion (II) : Register refers to a variety of language defined according to its use in social situations.
Codes :
(A) Both (I) and (II) are false.
(B) Both (I) and (II) are true.
(C) (I) is true, but (II) is false.
(D) (I) is false, but (II) is true.
22. The term used in sociolinguistics to refer to a pidgin language which has become the mother tongue of a speech community is
(A) Secret language
(B) Creole
(C) Code language
(D) Artificial language
23. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct answer from the code given below :
a. Internal reconstruction
b. Glottochronology
c. Mass comparison
d. Lexicostatistics
Codes :
(A) a b c d
(B) b a c d
(C) c a b d
(D) a d b c
24. A method designed to investigate the relationship between languages to determine approximate dates for proto-language is
(A) Lexicostatistics
(B) Mass comparison
(C) Phylogenetic
(D) Glottochronology
25. Assertion (I) : The first comparative linguistic analysis of Sanskrit, Greek, Persian and the Germanic languages was done by Franz Bopp in 1816.
Assertion (II) : Jacob Grimm was the first person to explain the sound shift.
Codes :
(A) Both (I) and (II) are right.
(B) Both (I) and (II) are false.
(C) (I) is right, but (II) is false.
(D) (II) is right, but (I) is false.
26. A sprachbund is sometimes known as
(A) ethnic community
(B) speech community
(C) social community
(D) religious community
27. Dialect, register, medium and field belong to
(A) language groups
(B) language identities
(C) language varieties
(D) language purity
28. Speakers can deliberately switch to another code in order to force a new perception of the situation on the other participants. It is called
(A) Situational code-switching
(B) Metaphorical code-switching
(C) Code-switching
(D) Alternate conversation
29. The remarkable similarities in grammar among creoles all over the world have led to the proposing the hypothesis called
(A) Sapir-whrof hypothesis
(B) Bio-program hypothesis
(C) Null hypothesis
(D) Decreolization
30. Words or phrases used to indicate that we’re not really sure what we’re saying is sufficiently correct or complete is called :
(A) blend
(B) argot
(C) hedges
(D) maxim
31. Assertion (I) : The brain is roughly a sphere and has approximately symmetrical left and right hemispheres.
Assertion (II) : In the great majority of humans, the left hemisphere is significantly less involved in language than the right.
Codes :
(A) Both (I) and (II) are false.
(B) Both (I) and (II) are true.
(C) (I) is true, but (II) is false.
(D) (I) is false, but (II) is true.
32. Assertion (I) : Linguistic determinism is the idea that the form and characteristics of our language determine the way in which we think, remember, and perceive.
Assertion (II) : Linguistic relativism is the idea that as different languages map on to the world in different ways.
Codes :
(A) Both (I) and (II) are true.
(B) Both (I) and (II) are false.
(C) (I) is true and (II) is false.
(D) (I) is false and (II) is true.
33. ‘A bag of dog food’ has become ‘a dog of bag food’ the process is termed as
(A) Spoonerism
(B) Malaproposim
(C) Metathesis
(D) Back formation
34. The encoding steps by speaker to learner is given below. Arrange them according their correct order.
i. Articulatory system
ii. Syntactic representation
iii. Lexical selection
iv. Phonological representation
Codes :
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) ii iii i iv
(C) iii i iv ii
(D) iii ii iv i
35. A more common name for the posterior speech cortex is
(A) Broca’s area
(B) Wernicke’s area
(C) Visual area
(D) Memory area
36. The advertising message “helps control dandruff symptoms with regular use” is an example of
(A) Weasel claim
(B) Metonymy
(C) Synonymy
(D) None of the above
37. Assertion (I) : During the 1950s and 1960s researchers interested in understanding teaching and learning set out to compare external and internal differences between first language (L1) and a target language (L2)
Assertion (II) : The hope was that such a Contrastive Analysis approach would help them uncover areas of difficulties for L2 learners.
Codes :
(A) Both (I) and (II) are right.
(B) Both (I) and (II) are wrong.
(C) (I) is right, but (II) is wrong.
(D) (II) is right, but (I) is wrong.
38. Assertion (I) : Translation is the replacement of a text in one language by a replacement of an equivalent text in second language.
Assertion (II) : Translation is an extremely motivated industrial activity, supported by information technology, which is diversified in response to the particular needs of this form of communication.
Codes :
(A) Both assertions (I) and (II) are correct.
(B) Both assertions (I) and (II) are wrong.
(C) Assertion (I) is right, but (II) is wrong.
(D) Assertion (II) is right, but (I) is wrong.
39. Match the items in List – I with those in List – II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
40. Which of the following is not true ?
(A) An individual who lacks the reading and writing skills typical of his community is illiterate.
(B) Functional literacy implies that the minimal level of reading and writing required to function effectively in a world dominated by written material.
(C) Mas literacy is largely a modern time phenomenon.
(D) A quite illiterate person can not live long.
41. The non – contiguous Indo Aryan languages are
(A) Sinhalese, Divehi, Dakhini, Punjabi
(B) Sinhalese, Divehi, Dakhini, Hindi
(C) Sinhalese, Divehi, Dakhini, Saurastri
(D) Sinhalese, Divehi, Dakhini, Bengali
42. Subject in other than nominative case in various languages may be known as
a. Dative – subject
b. Non – nominative subject
c. Ergative subject
d. Syntactic subject
Codes :
(A) Only a is correct.
(B) Both a and b are correct.
(C) a, b and c are correct.
(D) All the above are correct.
43. Assertion (I) : The subject of intransitive verb and the direct object of transitive verb are in the same case form in
languages with Ergative – Absolutive System of case.
Assertion (II) : Languages with Ergative – Absolutive System of case may have object verb agreement.
Codes :
(A) Both (I) and (II) are false.
(B) Only (I) is true, (II) is false.
(C) Only (I) is false, (II) is true.
(D) Both (I) and (II) are true.
44. If a language places the verb at the end of the sentence i.e. verb final language, it may have the correlational values as
a. Noun + Post position
b. Main verb + Auxilary
c. Standard of comparison + Comparative Adjective
d. Verb + Negative
Codes :
(A) Only a is correct.
(B) Both c and d are correct.
(C) Only b is correct.
(D) All the above are correct.
45. Match the items in List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
46. ‘Calque’ refers to
(A) words borrowed from another language
(B) words borrowed from cognate language
(C) words borrowed from another language by literal translation
(D) None of the above
47. A theory of translation based on a comparison of the structure of the source language and target language rather than a comparison of literary genres and stylistic features is
(A) Philological theory
(B) Philosophical theory
(C) Linguistic theory
(D) Text – type theory
48. Which one of the following involves inclusion of meaning ?
(A) Synonymy
(B) Polysemy
(C) Homonymy
(D) Hyponymy
49. Assertion (I) : Urdu dictionaries are reverse dictionaries.
Assertion (II) : In reverse dictionaries, the order starts from the place of last letter.
Codes :
(A) (I) is false, but (II) is true.
(B) (I) is true, but (II) is false.
(C) Both (I) and (II) are true.
(D) Both (I) and (II) are false.
50. Match the items in List – I with the items in List – II and answer by selecting the correct code.
51. POS tagging is used in computational linguistics for
a. breaking the sequential information into parts.
b. the marking up a word in text according to the grammatical class it belongs to.
c. putting the hardwares in computers for processing the speech.
d. simplifying the natural language for computer in terms of binary property for easy pattern recognition.
Codes :
(A) Only d is correct.
(B) Both c and d are correct.
(C) a, b and d are correct.
(D) Only c is correct.
52. Match the items in List – I with List – II and choose the correct code given below :
53. Speech synthesizers are used together with speech recognizers in
(A) Neurological disorders
(B) Articulation
(C) Artificial intelligence
(D) None of the above
54. Assertion (I) : Parsing is useful in applications such as grammar checking in word processing system.
Assertion (II) : Parsing (parse trees) serve as the important immediate stages of representation for semantic analysis.
Codes :
(A) Both Assertions (I) and (II) are right.
(B) Both Assertions (I) and (II) are wrong.
(C) Assertion (I) is right, but (II) is wrong.
(D) Assertion (II) is right, but (I) is wrong.
55. A digital dictionary arranges its entry according to some computational code that facilitates the machine to
retrieve and access the information fast is based on the value of
(A) Concatenation method
(B) Phonetic form
(C) Logical form
(D) Algorithm
56. Match the items in List – I with the items in List – II and answer by selecting the correct code :
57. Assertion (I) : Functional categories are closed classes.
Assertion (II) : Pronouns being a closed class belong to a functional category.
Codes :
(A) (I) is false, but (II) is true.
(B) (I) is true, but (II) is false.
(C) Both (I) and (II) are false.
(D) Both (I) and (II) are true.
58. The central theoretical term in transformational grammar as opposed to deep structure is
(A) Morphemic structure
(B) Phonemic structure
(C) Semantic structure
(D) Surface structure
59. Assertion (I) : Movement transformations have the effect of moving constituents from one part of a phrase marker to another, as in the formation of passive sentences.
Assertion (II) : An alternative term for movement transformation is re-ordering or Permutation.
Codes :
(A) Both (I) and (II) are true.
(B) Both (I) and (II) are false.
(C) (I) is true, but (II) is false.
(D) (I) is false, but (II) is true.
60. Speakers intrinsic knowledge of their language is known as :
(A) Valency
(B) Complement
(C) Competence
(D) Performance
61. Select the correct order :
i. Generative Phonology
ii. Classical Phonology
iii. Constraints based Phonology
iv. Auto Segmental Phonology
Codes :
(A) ii i iv iii
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) iv iii i ii
(D) ii iv iii i
62. Assertion (I) : In prosodic phonology the abstract unit is a prosody which is realized at two or more different places in a linear structure.
Assertion (II) : Prosodic phonology is based on a polysystemic principle.
Codes :
(A) (I) is true and (II) is false.
(B) (I) is false and (II) is true.
(C) Both (I) and (II) are true.
(D) Both (I) and (II) are false.
63. Prosodic template contains the
(A) core syllable
(B) heavy syllable
(C) light syllable
(D) maximal syllable
64. I. All languages have a set of constraints which produce the basic phonological and grammatical patterns of a
particular language.
II. Actual ulterances do not violate these constraints.
III. Differences between languages lie in the relative importance given to particular constraints.
IV. The constraints are not mentioned in the description of a particular language.
Select the correct combination from the codes given below :
(A) I and IV are correct.
(B) I and III are correct.
(C) II and IV are correct.
(D) III and IV are correct.
65. Assertion (I) : Autosegmental phonology allows phonological processes like vowel harmony and tone to influence more than one vowel or consonant at a time.
Assertion (II) : In such an analysis tone is a property of the whole word.
Codes :
(A) (I) is true, but (II) is false.
(B) (I) is false, but (II) is true.
(C) Both (I) and (II) are true.
(D) Both (I) and (II) are false.
66. Assertion (I) : There is a tendency for unwarranted generalizations of individual research findings from “some women” to “all women”.
Assertion (II) : Using ‘sex’ as a social variable reduces a complex social phenomenon in a misleading way.
Codes :
(A) Both Assertions (I) and (II) are right.
(B) Assertion (I) is right and (II) is wrong
(C) Assertion (II) is right and (I) is wrong.
(D) Both Assertions (I) and (II) are Wrong.
67. Assertion (I) : Language is used as a signifying code to maintain group identity. Male peer group exerts strong pressure an their members to use the vernacular.
Assertion (II) : The dominant role of women in child-rearing leads to their more status conscious language behaviour.
Codes :
(A) Both Assertions (I) and (II) are right.
(B) Both Assertions (I) and (II) are Wrong.
(C) Assertion (I) is right and (II) is wrong.
(D) Assertion (II) is right and (I) is wrong.
68. Studies an language and gender usually consider the language or speech behaviour of women in terms of
(A) Prestige
(B) Deficiency model
(C) Over generalized
(D) None of the above
69. Assertion (I) : Language planning is deliberate systematic and theory based attempt under government patronage to solve communication problems of a community or a nation.
Assertion (II) : It consists of status planning and corpus planning.
Codes :
(A) Both (I) and (II) are true.
(B) (I) is true, (II) is false.
(C) (I) is false, (II) is true.
(D) Both (I) and (II) are false.
70. Identify as to which of the following is not relevant in the context of language standardization ?
(A) Selection of the norm
(B) Codification
(C) Acceptance by the government
(D) None of the above
71. A Processing error in which one word or phrase is heard as another, as in hearing ‘great ape’ when the utterance was ‘grey tape’ is known as
(A) tip of the tongue
(B) slip of the tongue
(C) slip of the ear
(D) None of the above
72. Match the items with List – I with List – II and choose the correct code :
73. Assertion (I) :The primary purpose of a child’s linguistic environment is to provide information about the language the child is acquiring.
Assertion (II) : Psycholinguistics call this type of information as positive evidence.
Codes :
(A) (I) is true, but (II) is false.
(B) (I) is false, but (II) is true.
(C) Both (I) and (II) are true.
(D) Both (I) and (II) are false.
74. A speech disorder in which utterances are produced in an excessively rapid un rhythmical way is called
(A) Stuttering
(B) Cluttering
(C) Cleft palate
(D) None of the above
75. Match the items with List – I and List – II and identify the codes given below :
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