LINGUISTICS
PAPER – III
Note : This paper contains seventy five (75) objective type questions of two (2) marks each. All questions are compulsory.
1. In acoustic phonetics the concentration of acoustic energy, reflecting the way air from the
lungs vibrates in the vocal tract, as it changes its shape, is known as :
(1) Amplitude
(2) Resonance
(3) Formant
(4) Aspiration
2. Assertion (I) : Waves that repeat the same pattern of pressure variation for a number of cycles are known as aperiodic waves.
Assertion (II) : Waves that repeat the same pattern of pressure variation for a number of cycles are known as periodic waves.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are correct.
(2) (I) is correct, but (II) is wrong.
(3) (I) is wrong, but (II) is correct.
(4) Both (I) and (II) are wrong.
3. The articulation involving a movement of the tongue towards the hard palalate in the context of secondary articulation is known as :
(1) Velarisation
(2) Palatalisation
(3) Glottalisation
(4) Pharyngealisation
4. The major class feature, which categorizes sounds that are produced with a relatively free air flow and with vocal cords positioning in such a way that spontaneous voicing is possible, is known as :
(1) Vocalic
(2) Sonorant
(3) Non – Consonantal
(4) Syllabic
5. A theory of phonology in which morphological and phonological rules are brought together within a single framework, and which is based on the insight that much of phonology operates together with word – formation rules in a cyclic fashion to define the class of lexical items in a language, is known as :
(1) Phonomorphology
(2) Morphophonology
(3) Lexical phonology
(4) Natural phonology
6. Assertion (I) : Because of its long and complex history, English has many irregular morphemes.
Assertion (II) : Some forms derive from historically unrelated forms (go – went). This sort of realignment is known as suppletion.
Code :
(1) (I) is true but (II) is false
(2) (II) is true but (I) is false
(3) Both (I) and (II) are true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
7. Inflectional morphemes indicate :
(1) Grammatical properties
(2) Lexical properties
(3) Semantic properties
(4) Stylistic properties
8. The compounds in which one of the constituents is the semantic and syntactic head are called :
(1) Exo centric compound
(2) Endo centric compound
(3) Coordinate compound
(4) Synthetic compound
9. “Ghuçsvar” (Horse rider) is an example of which compound ?
(1) Determinative
(2) Attributive
(3) Copulative
(4) Appositional
10. Assertion (I) : Blending is compounding by means of curtailed words.
Assertion (II) : Blends are arbitrary portions of words clipped off and stitched together.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true but (II) is false
(3) (II) is true but (I) is false
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
11. A principle in Generative Linguistics which asserts that the speaker’s knowledge of language relies on structural relationships between elements in the sentence rather than on linear sequence of items is :
(1) Surface structure
(2) S – structure
(3) Selectional restriction
(4) Structure dependency
12. The sentence ‘He went to London and She to New York’. Is an example of :
(1) Gapping
(2) Exceptional case marking
(3) Pro drop
(4) Cleft
13. Which of the following is not true for X – bar theory ?
(1) Specifiers are daughters of X – double bar
(2) Adjuncts are sisters of X – single bars
(3) Complements are sisters of X
(4) Complements are daughters of heads
14. Match the items in the List – I with List – II and choose the correct answer from the code given below :
15. Arrange the following books in the order in which they appeared :
(a) Minimalist Program
(b) Lectures on Government and Binding
(c) Syntactic Structures
(d) Aspects of the theory of Syntax
Code :
(1) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(2) (d), (c), (b), (a)
(3) (b), (a), (c), (d)
(4) (c), (d), (b), (a)
16. I, You, Now, There, That etc. are the examples of which expressions ?
(1) Deictic
(2) Reflexive
(3) Reciprocal
(4) Dummy
17. Assertion (I) : Mood is one of a set of distinctive forms used for indicating modality.
Assertion (II) : Modality is used to refer to meanings expressed by lexical means only.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are false
(2) (I) is true, but (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, but (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are true
18. The semantic kernel of a sentence that determines its truth conditions, independent of its syntactic form and lexical realization is called :
(1) Discourse
(2) Dialogue
(3) Argument
(4) Proposition
19. The concepts of Abhidha, Lakshana and Vyanjana were introduced by :
(1) Anandavardhana
(2) Bhaçtrhari
(3) Panini
(4) Patanjali
20. Assertion (I) : The distinction between homonymy and polysemy is easy to formulate but difficult to apply with consistency and reliability.
Assertion (II) : Meaning can be descriptive, expressive and social but not all lexemes possess all three.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true, but (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, but (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
21. The word ‘hand’ in the sentence ‘He is my right hand’ represents a semantic change which is called __________.
(1) Metonymy
(2) Metaphor
(3) Hyperbole
(4) Synecdoche
22. Assertion (I) : In a pidgin, there is a radical simplification of linguistic structure and a substantial reduction of vocabulary.
Assertion (II) : When it is spoken by a large number of speakers, a pidgin is designated as a creole.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are correct
(2) Both (I) and (II) are wrong
(3) (I) is correct and (II) is wrong
(4) (I) is wrong and (II) is correct
23. Analogical changes most commonly operate at which level in a language ?
(1) Allophonic level
(2) Phonemic level
(3) Morphophonemic level
(4) Prosodic level
24. Assertion (I) : Comparative reconstruction aims at not only to recover prehistoric linguistic reality, but also to establish typological relationship.
Assertion (II) : In comparative reconstruction, preference is given to analyses which are more natural, operate with regular changes, and are more explanatory.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) Both (I) and (II) are false
(3) (I) is true and (II) is false
(4) (I) is false and (II) is true
25. Assertion (I) : Grammaticalization consists in the increase of the range of a morpheme advancing from a grammatical to a lexical or from a more grammatical to a less grammatical status.
Assertion (II) : Grammaticalization is mostly understood as a process in which meaning and form converge and which is associated with obligatoriness.
Code :
(1) (I) is correct and (II) is wrong
(2) (I) is wrong and (II) is correct
(3) Both (I) and (II) are wrong
(4) Both (I) and (II) are correct
26. The H variety of a language is superposed for the entire speech community and everyone learns it as a second language. It is known as :
(1) Use – Oriented Diglossia (Narrow)
(2) User – Oriented Diglossia (Broad)
(3) Pseudo – Diglossia
(4) Code – Switching
27. Which of the following developed at the under section of linguistics, anthropology and sociology and grew primarily out of the work of John Gumperz ?
(1) Conversational Analysis
(2) Ethnography of Communication
(3) Interactional Sociolinguistics
(4) Interpersonal Conversation
28. __________ investigates conversational structure to unfold how social order is actually lived and recreated moment by moment in talk.
(1) Conversational analysis
(2) Ethnography of Communication
(3) Interactional Sociolinguistics
(4) Interpersonal Conversation
29. Grice maxims are idealized and often violated in common practice. The maxim “avoid obscurity of expression” falls under the category of :
(1) Maxim of Quantity
(2) Maxim of Quality
(3) Maxim of Manner
(4) Maxim of Relation
30. Assertion (I) : Creoles are created when stigmatized speech varieties are in contact with prestige varieties.
Assertion (II) : For Creoles, its stigma comes from association with slavery or an exploited proletariat.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are correct
(2) (I) is correct and (II) is wrong
(3) (I) is wrong and (II) is correct
(4) Both (I) and (II) are wrong
31. Assertion (I) : Biolinguistics shifted the focus of investigation in linguistics to a comprehensive scheme that embraces natural sciences.
Assertion (II) : It does not seek to yield a framework to understand the fundamentals of the faculty of language.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true, but (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, but (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
32. Correct order of stages in language acquisition :
(1) IV → crying → holophrastic → two word
(2) IV → holophrastic → crying → two word
(3) Crying → IV → holophrastic → two word
(4) Crying → holophrastic → IV → two word
33. The subject of long – standing debate in linguistics and language acquisition over the extent to which the ability to acquire language is biologically linked to age :
(1) The Innateness Hypothesis
(2) The DTC Hypothesis
(3) The Critical Period Hypothesis
(4) The Pivot Hypothesis
34. An acquired reading disorder marked by the characteristic occurrence of semantic errors is called :
(1) Agraphia
(2) Surface dyslexia
(3) Apraxia
(4) Deep dyslexia
35. Assertion (I) : Comprehension is a dynamic active process engaging the hearer to compute the meaning of the linguistic signal received.
Assertion (II) : Comprehending language does not involve a variety of capacities, skills, processes, knowledge and dispositions.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true, but (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, but (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
36. Match the items in List – I with those of List – II :
37. Assertion (I) : All psychological perspective is based on the view that all language learning occurs through a process of imitation, practice, re – inforcement and habit formation.
Assertion (II) : The sociolinguistic perspective of language learning operates with the assumption that there is an intimate relationship between culture and mind, and that all learning is first social and then individual.
Code :
(1) (I) is false, but (II) is true
(2) (I) is true, but (II) is false
(3) Both (I) and (II) are false
(4) Both (I) and (II) are true
38. Which of the following is a technique for identifying, classifying and systematically interpreting the unacceptable forms produced by someone learning a foreign language, using any of the principles and procedures provided by linguistics ?
(1) Error analysis
(2) Contrastive analysis
(3) Conversation analysis
(4) Discourse analysis
39. Assertion (I) : Second language acquisition focuses on the developing and use of a language by children and adults who already know at least one other language.
Assertion (II) : Second language acquisition from the perspective of universal grammar seeks to discover a language user’s underlying linguistic ‘Competence’ instead of focusing on his or her linguistic ‘performance’.
Code :
(1) (I) is true, but (II) is false
(2) (I) is false, but (II) is true
(3) Both (I) and (II) are false
(4) Both (I) and (II) are true
40. Assertion (I) : We think of communication as the exchange of new information, but we communicate all the time in exchanges that do not contain new information.
Assertion (II) : The traditional model of communication process ignores this fact as it sees the communicator encoding and decoding the message.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true, and (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, and (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
41. Assertion (I) : A cross – linguistic generalization involving more than one structural property shows that these properties may correlate with each other to a statistically significant extent.
Assertion (II) : Verb – initial languages are almost always found to be equipped with prepositions.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) Both (I) and (II) both are false
(3) (I) is true and (II) is false
(4) (I) is false and (II) is true
42. If the subject of a sentence can be suppressed without affecting grammaticality, it is said to be determined by the __________.
(1) Adjacency parameter
(2) Pro – drop parameter
(3) Head parameter
(4) A – over – A principle
43. Assertion (I) : Formal universals are the necessary conditions that have to be imposed on the construction of grammars in order for them to be able to operate.
Assertion (II) : Substantive universals are the primitive elements in the grammar of a language required for analyzing linguistic data.
Code :
(1) (I) is true and (II) is false
(2) (I) is false and (II) is true
(3) (I) and (II) both are true
(4) (I) and (II) both are false
44. Out of the four major language families in India, the __________ family possess the largest number of languages according the 2001 Census of India Report.
(1) Indo – Aryan
(2) Dravidian
(3) Austro – Asiatic
(4) Tibeto – Burman
45. From the morphological point of view, all languages of the world have been categorized into __________ main groups.
(1) 2
(2) 4
(3) 6
(4) 7
46. Assertion (I) : A lexicon includes information about the forms and meanings of words and phrases.
Assertion (II) : Phonological and grammatical rules are considered part of the lexicon.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true, but (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, but (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
47. Match the items in the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
48. Match the items in the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the code given below :
49. Which of the following scholars has made very significant contribution in the field of evaluation of translation ?
(1) L. Venuti
(2) W. Benjamin
(3) J. House
(4) M. Baker
50. The Polysystem Theory of translation was proposed by __________.
(1) Susan Bassnett
(2) Gideon Toury
(3) W.V.O. Quine
(4) Itmar Even – Zohar
51. Assertion (I) : Cerebral dominance, the ability of one cerebral hemisphere, predominately controls specific tasks.
Assertion (II) : It is absolute.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true, but (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, but (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
52. Limited range of linguistic impairment is seen in :
(1) Profound retardation
(2) Severe retardation
(3) Moderate retardation
(4) Mild retardation
53. Assertion (I) : Neurolinguistics seeks to make comprehensive examination of brain – language relationship.
Assertion (II) : One of the goals of neurolinguistics is examine whether the natural kinds of linguistics and psycholinguistics are related to the natural kinds of neurology.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true, but (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, but (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
54. Match the items in the List – I with those in the List – II and select the correct answer using the code given below :
55. Inadequacy of the classical categories of aphasia necessitates :
(1) Process model
(2) Phylogenetic account
(3) Linguistic account
(4) Neurological account
56. Assertion (I) : A diglossia situation exists in a society when it has two distinct codes.
Assertion (II) : One code is employed in one set of circumstances and the other in an entirely different set.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is false and (II) is true
(3) (II) is false and (I) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
57. Match the following books in List – I with authors in List – II and select the correct answer using the code given below :
58. The concept of “Speech repertoire” may be more useful when applied to :
(1) Individuals
(2) Groups
(3) Speech Community
(4) Social group
59. The two main exponent of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) are :
(1) Hudson R.A. and Hymes D.H.
(2) Fairclough and Van Dijk
(3) Labov. W. and Gumperz J.J.
(4) Hymes D.H and Labov. W
60. Assertion (I) : The utterances we use are locutions.
Assertion (II) : Most locutions express some intent. They are known as illocutionary acts and have an illocutionary force.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) Both (I) and (II) are false
(3) (I) is false and (II) is true
(4) (II) is false and (I) is true
61. The test of a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human is called :
(1) Von Neuman test
(2) Zuse test
(3) Wozniak test
(4) Turing test
62. Which of the following was not a part of Indo Wordnet project sponsored by TDIL :
(1) Bodo
(2) Assamese
(3) Konkani
(4) Tulu
63. SGML stands for :
(1) Syntactic Grammar Marking Language
(2) Structure General Major Language
(3) Standard Generalized Mark-up Language
(4) Style Group Matching Language
64. Assertion (I) : SYSTRAN is a machine translation company founded by Alan Turing.
Assertion (II) : London – Lund Speech Corpus helps in tracing the similarities and differences among the English Dialects.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true, but (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, but (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
65. Which of the following is not true for Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG) ?
(1) It was developed by Aravind Joshi
(2) There are two types of basic trees in TAG : initial trees and auxiliary trees
(3) Initial trees allow for recursion, while auxiliary trees represent basic valency relations
(4) Lexicalized tree – adjoining grammars (LTAG) are a variant of TAG in which each elementary tree (initial or auxiliary) is associated with a lexical item
66. The phonological theory, which assumes that word – formation rules of morphology are directly paired with phonological rules grouped together at various levels, where the output of each morphological rule is cycled through phonology so that the relevant phonological rules of that level are applied, is :
(1) Morphophonemics
(2) Morphophonology
(3) Lexical phonology
(4) Phonolexicology
67. Assertion (I) : The phonological word is higher than the foot, word and phonological phrase in the phonological hierarchy.
Assertion (II) : The term prosody is not concerned with individual phonetic segments, but are properties of syllables and other larger units of speech.
Code :
(1) (I) is true, but (II) is false
(2) (I) is false, but (II) is true
(3) Both (I) and (II) are false
(4) Both (I) and (II) are true
68. In Autosegmental phonology the assumption that identical tones cannot be adjacent in the same word is known as :
(1) Tone Stability
(2) No Crossing Constraint
(3) Obligatory Contour Principle
(4) No Crowding Constraint
69. Which one of the following is false for the syllable in CV Phonology ?
(1) It states word – formation rules in terms of syllables
(2) It states language specific rules governing syllable structure
(3) It states universal principles governing syllable structure
(4) It states the syllable structure typology from language to language
70. Which one of the following is false in the context of Optimality Theory ?
(1) Inputs are potentially infinite
(2) GEN’s function is to produce an infinite candidate set for every input
(3) Higher marked constraints show how a language is marked, while lower marked constraints show how it is unmarked
(4) EVAL evaluates candidates in terms of a particular ranking of constraints
71. Match the items in List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the code given below :
72. The point in the derivation of a structure at which phonetically relevant information is separated from all other information, and in this way two structures, an LF and a PF, are formed from a single numeration, is :
(1) Numeration
(2) Greed
(3) Spell out
(4) Procrastinate
73. Assertion (I) : Some notions developed within GB have a distinct minimalist flavour and hence suggest a programme of research in which the grammar is restricted to the base minimum e.g principles of economy and full interpretation.
Assertion (II) : Some developments in GB caused tensions within the framework that suggest abandoning them as unsustainable e. g. The notions A-bar and non A-bar position are difficult to maintain under the assumption of a ‘VP – internal
subject’.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true, (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
74. Assertion (I) : Principles are particularly important in GB, where it has been suggested that there are no rules, in the traditional sense, but only principles which can take a slightly different form in different languages.
Assertion (II) : A specification of the range of forms that a principle can take is known as a parameter.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true, (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
75. Assertion (I) : In the minimalist program, checking is a term describing a procedure which determines whether a lexical element has the appropriate features, before it is used in a position in sentence structure.
Assertion (II) : It is a basic relation that allows one element to license another by checking off the features with which the latter is associated. The feature involved must be in a local domain, called the checking domain.
Code :
(1) Both (I) and (II) are true
(2) (I) is true, (II) is false
(3) (I) is false, (II) is true
(4) Both (I) and (II) are false
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