GATE-2021
MA: Mathematics
GA-General Aptitude
Q.1 – Q.5 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry ONE mark each (for each wrong answer: – 1/3).
1. The ratio of boys to girls in a class is 7 to 3.
Among the options below, an acceptable value for the total number of students in the class is:
(A) 21
(B) 37
(C) 50
(D) 73
2. A polygon is convex if, for every pair of points, P and Q belonging to the polygon, the line segment PQ lies completely inside or on the polygon.
Which one of the following is NOT a convex polygon?
3. Consider the following sentences:
(i) Everybody in the class is prepared for the exam.
(ii) Babu invited Danish to his home because he enjoys playing chess.
Which of the following is the CORRECT observation about the above two sentences?
(A) (i) is grammatically correct and (ii) is unambiguous
(B) (i) is grammatically incorrect and (ii) is unambiguous
(C) (i) is grammatically correct and (ii) is ambiguous
(D) (i) is grammatically incorrect and (ii) is ambiguous
4. A circular sheet of paper is folded along the lines in the directions shown. The paper, after being punched in the final folded state as shown and unfolded in the reverse order of folding, will look like _______.
5. _____ is to surgery as writer is to ________
Which one of the following options maintains a similar logical relation in the above sentence?
(A) Plan, outline
(B) Hospital, library
(C) Doctor, book
(D) Medicine, grammar
Q.6 – Q. 10 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry TWO marks each (for each wrong answer: – 2/3).
6. We have 2 rectangular sheets of paper, M and N, of dimensions 6 cm × 1 cm each. Sheet M is rolled to form an open cylinder by bringing the short edges of the sheet together. Sheet N is cut into equal square patches and assembled to form the largest possible closed cube. Assuming the ends of the cylinder are closed, the ratio of the volume of the cylinder to that of the cube is _______
(A) π/2
(B) 3/π
(C) 9/π
(D) 3π
7.
Details of prices of two items P and Q are presented in the above table. The ratio of cost of item P to cost of item Q is 3:4. Discount is calculated as the difference between the marked price and the selling price. The profit percentage is calculated as the ratio of the difference between selling price and cost, to the cost
The discount on item Q, as a percentage of its marked price, is ______
(A) 25
(B) 12.5
(C) 10
(D) 5
8. There are five bags each containing identical sets of ten distinct chocolates. One chocolate is picked from each bag.
The probability that at least two chocolates are identical is ___________
(A) 0.3024
(B) 0.4235
(C) 0.6976
(D) 0.8125
9. Given below are two statements 1 and 2, and two conclusions I and II.
Statement 1: All bacteria are microorganisms.
Statement 2: All pathogens are microorganisms.
Conclusion I: Some pathogens are bacteria.
Conclusion II: All pathogens are not bacteria.
Based on the above statements and conclusions, which one of the following options is logically CORRECT?
(A) Only conclusion I is correct
(B) Only conclusion II is correct
(C) Either conclusion I or II is correct.
(D) Neither conclusion I nor II is correct.
10. Some people suggest anti-obesity measures (AOM) such as displaying calorie information in restaurant menus. Such measures sidestep addressing the core problems that cause obesity: poverty and income inequality.
Which one of the following statements summarizes the passage?
(A) The proposed AOM addresses the core problems that cause obesity.
(B) If obesity reduces, poverty will naturally reduce, since obesity causes poverty.
(C) AOM are addressing the core problems and are likely to succeed.
(D) AOM are addressing the problem superficially.
Mathematics (MA)
Q.1 – Q.14 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry ONE mark each (for each wrong answer: – 1/3).
1. Let A be a 3 × 4 matrix and B be a 4 × 3 matrix with real entries such that AB is non-singular. Consider the following statements:
P: Nullity of A is 0.
Q: BA is a non-singular matrix.
Then
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
2. Let f(z) = u(x, y) + i v(x, y) for z = x + iy ∈ ℂ, where x and y are real numbers, be a non-constant analytic function on the complex plane ℂ. Let ux, vx and uy, vy denote the first order partial derivatives of u(x, y) = Re(f(z)) and v(x, y) = Im(f(z)) with respect to real variables x and y, respectively.
Consider the following two functions defined on ℂ:
g1(z) = ux(x, y) − i uy(x, y) for z = x + iy ∈ ℂ,
g2(z) = vx(x, y) + i vy(x, y) for z = x + iy ∈ ℂ.
Then
(A) both g1(z) and g2(z) are analytic in ℂ
(B) g1(z) is analytic in C and g2(z) is NOT analytic in ℂ
(C) g1(z) is NOT analytic in C and g2(z) is analytic in ℂ
(D) neither g1(z) nor g2(z) is analytic in ℂ
3. Let be the Möbius transformation which maps the points z1 = 0, z2 = −i, z3 = ∞ in the z-plane onto the points w1 = 10, w2 = 5 − 5i, w3 = 5 + 5i in the w-plane, respectively. Then the image of the set S = {z ∈ ℂ ∶ Re(z) < 0} under the map w = T(z) is
(A) {w ∈ ℂ ∶ |w| < 5}
(B) {w ∈ ℂ ∶ |w| > 5}
(C) {w ∈ ℂ ∶ |w − 5| < 5}
(D) {w ∈ ℂ ∶ |w − 5| > 5}
4. Let R be the row reduced echelon form of a 4 × 4 real matrix A and let the third column of R be Consider the following statements:
P: If is a solution of Ax = 0, then γ = 0.
Q: For all b ∈ ℝ4, rank[A| b] = rank[R| b].
Then
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
5. The eigenvalues of the boundary value problem
are given by
(A) λ = (nπ)2, n = 1,2,3, …
(B) λ = n2, n = 1,2,3, …
(C) λ = kn2, where kn, n = 1,2,3, … are the roots of k − tan(kπ) = 0
(D) λ = kn2, where kn, n = 1,2,3, … are the roots of k + tan(kπ) = 0
6. The family of surfaces given by u = xy + f(x2 − y2), where f: R → R is adifferentiable function, satisfies
7. The function u(x, t) satisfies the initial value problem
Then u(5, 5) is
(A) 1 – 1/e100
(B) 1 – e100
(C) 1 – 1/e10
(D) 1 – e10
8. Consider the fixed-point iteration
xn+1 = φ(xn), n ≥ 0
with φ(x) = 3 + (x – 3)3, x ∈ (2.5, 3.5),
and the initial approximation x0 = 3.25.
Then, the order of convergence of the fixed-point iteration method is
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
9. Let {en ∶ n = 1, 2, 3, … } be an orthonormal basis of a complex Hilbert space H. Consider the following statements:
P: There exists a bounded linear functional f: H → ℂ such that f(en) = 1/n for n = 1, 2, 3, … .
Q: There exists a bounded linear functional g:H → ℂ such that g(en) = 1/√n for n = 1, 2, 3, … .
Then
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
10. Let be given by
Consider the following statements:
P: |f(x) − f(y)| < |x − y| for all
Q: f has a fixed point.
Then
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
11. Consider the following statements:
Then
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
12. Let f: ℝ3 → ℝ be a twice continuously differentiable scalar field such that div(∇f) = 6. Let S be the surface x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 and n̂ be unit outward normal to S. Then the value of is
(A) 2 π
(B) 4 π
(C) 6 π
(D) 8 π
13. Consider the following statements:
P: Every compact metrizable topological space is separable.
Q: Every Hausdorff topology on a finite set is metrizable.
Then
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
14. Consider the following topologies on the set ℝ of all real numbers:
T1 = {U ⊂ ℝ ∶ 0 ∉ U or U = ℝ },
T2 = {U ⊂ ℝ ∶ 0 ∈ U or U = ∅} ,
T3 = T1 ∩ T2.
Then the closure of the set {1} in (ℝ, T3) is
(A) {1}
(B) {0, 1}
(C) ℝ
(D) R\{0}
Q.15 – Q.25 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), carry ONE mark each (no negative marks).
15. Let f : ℝ2 → ℝ be differentiable. Let Duf(0, 0) and Dvf(0, 0) be the directional derivatives of f at (0, 0) in the directions of the unit vectors u = (1/√5, 2/√5) and v = (1/√2, −1/√2), respectively. If Duf(0, 0) = √5 and Dvf(0, 0) = √2 , then
16. Let ᴦ denote the boundary of the square region R with vertices (0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2) and (0, 2) oriented in the counter-clockwise direction. Then
17. The number of 5-Sylow subgroups in the symmetric group S5 of degree 5 is _______ .
18. Let I be the ideal generated by x2 + x + 1 in the polynomial ring R = ℤ3[x], where ℤ3 denotes the ring of integers modulo 3. Then the number of units in the quotient ring R/I is ________ .
19. Let T: ℝ3 → ℝ3 be a linear transformation such that
Then the rank of T is _____ .
20. Let y(x) be the solution of the following initial value problem
Then y(4) = _________.
21. Let f(x) = x4 + 2x3 − 11x2 − 12x + 36 for x ∈ ℝ.
The order of convergence of the Newton-Raphson method
with x0 = 2. 1, for finding the root α = 2 of the equation f(x) = 0 is _______ .
22. If the polynomial p(x) = α + β (x + 2) + γ (x + 2)(x + 1) + δ (x + 2)(x + 1)x interpolates the data
then α + β + γ + δ = _________.
23. Consider the Linear Programming Problem P:
Maximize 2x1 + 3x2
subject to
2x1 + x2 ≤ 6,
−x1 + x2 ≤ 1,
x1 + x2 ≤ 3,
x1 ≥ 0 and x2 ≥ 0.
Then the optimal value of the dual of P is equal to _________ .
24. Consider the Linear Programming Problem P:
Minimize 2x1 − 5x2
subject to
2x1 + 3x2 + s1 = 12,
−x1 + x2 + s2 = 1,
−x1 + 2x2 + s3 = 3,
x1 ≥ 0, x2 ≥ 0, s1 ≥ 0, s2 ≥ 0, and s3 ≥ 0.
If is a basic feasible solution of P, then x1 + s1 + s2 + s3 =_______.
25. Let H be a complex Hilbert space. Let u, v ∈ H be such that 〈u, v〉 = 2. Then
Q.26 – Q.43 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry TWO mark each (for each wrong answer: – 2/3).
26. Let ℤ denote the ring of integers. Consider the subring
R = {a + b √−17 ∶ a, b ∈ ℤ } of the field ℂ of complex numbers.
Consider the following statements:
P: 2 + √−17 is an irreducible element.
Q: 2 + √−17 is a prime element.
Then
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
27. Consider the second-order partial differential equation (PDE)
Consider the following statements:
P: The PDE is parabolic on the ellipse
Q: The PDE is hyperbolic inside the ellipse
Then
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
28. If u(x, y) is the solution of the Cauchy problem
then u(2, 1) is equal to
(A) 1 − 2 e−2
(B) 1 + 4 e−2
(C) 1 − 4 e−2
(D) 1 + 2 e−2
29. Let y(t) be the solution of the initial value problem
obtained by the method of Laplace transform. Then
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
30. The critical point of the differential equation is a
(A) node and is asymptotically stable
(B) spiral point and is asymptotically stable
(C) node and is unstable
(D) saddle point and is unstable
31. The initial value problem
where f(t, y) = −10 y, is solved by the following Euler method
yn+1 = yn + h f(tn, yn), n ≥ 0,
with step-size h. Then yn → 0 as n → ∞, provided
(A) 0 < h < 0.2
(B) 0.3 < h < 0.4
(C) 0.4 < h < 0.5
(D) 0.5 < h < 0.55
32. Consider the Linear Programming Problem P:
Maximize c1x1 + c2x2
subject to
a11x1 + a12x2 ≤ b1,
a21x1 + a22x2 ≤ b2,
a31x1 + a32x2 ≤ b3,
x1 ≥ 0 and x2 ≥ 0, where aij, bi and cj are real numbers (i = 1, 2, 3; j = 1, 2).
Let be a feasible solution of P such that p c1 + q c2 = 6 and let all feasible solutions
of P satisfy −5 ≤ c1x1 + c2x2 ≤ 12.
Then, which one of the following statements is NOT true?
(A) P has an optimal solution
(B) The feasible region of P is a bounded set
(C) If is a feasible solution of the dual of P, then b1y1 + b2y2 + b3y3 ≥ 6
(D) The dual of P has at least one feasible solution
33. Let L2 [−1, 1] be the Hilbert space of real valued square integrable functions on [−1, 1] equipped with the norm
Consider the subspace M = {f ∈ L2[−1, 1] :
For f(x) = x2, define d = inf {‖f − g‖ ∶ g ∈ M }. Then
(A) d = √2/3
(B) d = 2/3
(C) d = 3/√2
(D) d = 3/2
34. Let C[0, 1] be the Banach space of real valued continuous functions on [0, 1] equipped with the supremum norm. Define T: C[0, 1] → C[0, 1] by
Let R(T) denote the range space of T. Consider the following statements:
P: T is a bounded linear operator.
Q: T−1: R(T) → C[0, 1] exists and is bounded.
Then
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
35. Let ℓ1 = {x = (x(1), x(2), … , x(n), … ) be the sequence space equipped with the norm
Consider the subspace
and the linear transformation T:X → ℓ1 given by
(Tx)(n) = n x(n) for n = 1, 2, 3, … . Then
(A) T is closed but NOT bounded
(B) T is bounded
(C) T is neither closed nor bounded
(D) T−1 exists and is an open map
36. Let fn:[0, 10] → ℝ be given by fn(x) = n x3 e−nx for n = 1, 2, 3, … .
Consider the following statements:
P: (fn) is equicontinuous on [0, 10].
does NOT converge uniformly on [0, 10].
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
37. Let f: ℝ2 → ℝ be given by
Consider the following statements:
P: f is continuous at (0, 0) but f is NOT differentiable at (0, 0).
Q: The directional derivative Duf(0, 0) of f at (0, 0) exists in the direction of every unit vector u ∈ ℝ2.
Then
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
38. Let V be the solid region in ℝ3 bounded by the paraboloid y = (x2 + z2) and the plane y = 4. Then the value of is
(A) 128 π
(B) 64 π
(C) 28 π
(D) 256 π
39. Let f: ℝ2 → ℝ be given by f(x, y) = 4xy − 2x2 − y4. Then f has
(A) a point of local maximum and a saddle point
(B) a point of local minimum and a saddle point
(C) a point of local maximum and a point of local minimum
(D) two saddle points
40. The equation xy − z log y + exz = 1 can be solved in a neighborhood of the point (0, 1, 1) as y = f(x, z) for some continuously differentiable function f.
Then
(A) ∇f(0, 1) = (2, 0)
(B) ∇f(0, 1) = (0, 2)
(C) ∇f(0, 1) = (0, 1)
(D) ∇f(0, 1) = (1, 0)
41. Consider the following topologies on the set ℝ of all real numbers.
T1 is the upper limit topology having all sets (a, b] as basis.
T2 = {U ⊂ ℝ ∶ ℝ\U is finite} ∪ {∅}.
T3 is the standard topology having all sets (a, b) as basis.
Then
(A) T2 ⊂ T3 ⊂ T1
(B) T1 ⊂ T2 ⊂ T3
(C) T3 ⊂ T2 ⊂ T1
(D) T2 ⊂ T1 ⊂ T3
42. Let ℝ denote the set of all real numbers. Consider the following topological spaces.
X1 = (ℝ, T1), where T1 is the upper limit topology having all sets (a, b] as basis.
X2 = (ℝ, T2), where T2 = {U ⊂ ℝ ∶ ℝ\U is finite} ∪ {∅}.
Then
(A) both X1 and X2 are connected
(B) X1 is connected and X2 is NOT connected
(C) X1 is NOT connected and X2 is connected
(D) neither X1 nor X2 is connected
43. Let 〈∙, ∙〉: ℝn × ℝn → ℝ be an inner product on the vector space ℝn over ℝ. Consider the following statements:
Then
(A) both P and Q are TRUE
(B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
(D) both P and Q are FALSE
Q.44 -Q.55 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), carry TWO mark each (no negative marks).
44. Let G be a group of order 54 with center having 52 Then the number of conjugacy classes in G is ________.
45. Let F be a finite field and F× be the group of all nonzero elements of F under multiplication. If F× has a subgroup of order 17, then the smallest possible order of the field F is _______.
46. Let R = {z = x + iy ∈ 𝕔 ∶ 0 < x < 1 and − 11 π < y < 11 π} and ᴦ be the positively oriented boundary of R. Then the value of the integral is ______.
47. Let D = {z ∈ ℂ ∶ |z| < 2π} and f: D → ℂ be the function defined by
If then 6a2 = _______.
48.The number of zeroes (counting multiplicity) of P(z) = 3z5 + 2i z2 + 7i z +1 in the annular region {z ∈ ℂ ∶ 1 < |z| < 7} is ________ .
49. Let A be a square matrix such that det(xI − A) = x4(x − 1)2 (x − 2)3, where det(M) denotes the determinant of a square matrix M.
If rank(A2) < rank(A3) = rank(A4), then the geometric multiplicity of the eigenvalue 0 of A is ________ .
50. If is the power series solution of the differential equation
51. If u(x, t) = A e−t sin x solves the following initial boundary value problem
then πA = _______.
52. Let V = {p ∶ p(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2, a0, a1, a2 ∈ R} be the vector space of all polynomials of degree at most 2 over the real field R. Let T: V → V be the linear operator given by T(p) = (p(0) − p(1)) + (p(0) + p(1)) x + p(0) x2.
Then the sum of the eigenvalues of T is _____ .
53. The quadrature formula is exact for all polynomials of degree ≤ 2. Then 2 β − γ = _______.
54 For each x ∈ (0, 1], consider the decimal representation x = ∙ d1d2d3 ⋯ dn ⋯. Define f:[0, 1] → R by f(x) = 0 if x is rational and f(x) = 18 n if x is irrational, where n is the number of zeroes immediately after the decimal point up to the first nonzero digit in the decimal representation of x. Then the Lebesgue integral
55. Let be an optimal solution of the following Linear Programming Problem P:
Maximize 4x1 + x2 − 3x3
subject to
2x1 + 4x2 + ax3 ≤ 10,
x1 − x2 + bx3 ≤ 3,
2x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 ≤ 11,
x1 ≥ 0, x2 ≥ 0 and x3 ≥ 0, where a, b are real numbers.
If is an optimal solution of the dual of P, then p + q + r = ________ (round off to two decimal places).