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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

           B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – PHYSICS

FG 10

THIRD SEMESTER – APRIL 2008

PH 3500 – OPTICS

 

 

 

Date : 26-04-08                  Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 1:00 – 4:00

PART A

Answer all questions:                                                                                                   (10 х 2 = 20)

1. Define unit planes.
2. State why crosswires cannot be used in Huygen’s eyepiece?
3. What are coherent sources?
4. In Newton’s rings experiment, the diameter of the 8^th ring changes from 1.4cm to 1.27cm

when a liquid is introduced between the lens and the plate. Calculate the refractive index

of the liquid.

5. Define resolving power of an optical instrument.
6. Compare a zone plate and a convex lens.
7. What is a half wave plate?
8. State the laws of optical activity.
9. What is meant by population inversion?
10. What is Raman effect?

PART B

Answer any FOUR  questions:                                                                                    (4 х 7.5=30)

1. a) Discuss with theory the construction of Ramsden eyepiece.                                             (4)

3. b) Find out the positions of its cardinal points. (3.5)

1. a) Describe with necessary theory the interference of light by a Lloyd’s mirror.                   (5)

2. b) In a Lloyd’s mirror experiment, the slit source is at a distance of 2.5 mm from

the mirror.  The screen is at a distance of 1.5m from the source.  Calculate the fringe width.

Wavelength of light is 5890 A.                                                                                               (2.5)

1. Discuss the missing orders in a double slit diffraction pattern.
2.  a) Describe the construction and working of a quarter wave plate.                                      (5)

1. b) Calculate the thickness of a half wave plate of quartz for a wavelength 5000A. Given

(2.5)

1. Describe the construction and working of a Ruby laser.

 

PART C

Answer any FOUR  questions:                                                                                   (4 х 12.5 = 50)

1. a) What is meant by chromatic aberration?                                                                             (2.5)

1. b) Show that chromatic aberration of a lens is equal to the product of the dispersive power

and the mean focal length of the lens.                                                                                                (5)

1. c) Deduce the condition for achromatism of two lenses separated by a distance. (5)

1. a) Give the theory of Newton’s rings.                                                                                                (7.5)

1. b) Describe an experiment to determine the wavelength of light using these rings. (5)

1. Describe and experiment to determine the wavelength of light using these rings.
2. a) What is polarization?                                                                                                          (2.5)

1. b) Explain the production and detection of (i) circularly and

(ii) elliptically polarised light.                         (5+5)

1. Explain the construction and working of a He-Ne laser.

 

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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

   B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – PHYSICS

CC 11

FIFTH SEMESTER – November 2008

PH 5506 – OPTICS

 

 

 

Date : 07-11-08                     Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

PART – A              

Answer all questions.                                                                                       (10×2=20marks) 

 

1. What are unit planes ?
2. Give the condition for achromatic combination of lenses.
3. Calculate the separation between the coherent sources formed by a

biprism whose inclined faces make angles of 2⁰  with its base, the slit

being .1m away from the biprism. (Refractive index of prism material =

1.5)

4. How optical planeness of a surface is tested ?
5. Distinguish between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction.
6. What are missing orders in double slit experiment ?
7. State Brewster’s law.
8. Calculate the thickness of a half-wave plate for light of wavelength

580nm. Principal refractive indices are    = 1.544 and    =1.553.

9. What is optical pumping ?
10. What is Stimulated Raman scattering ?

 

PART – B

Answer any four questions.                                                                         (4×7.5=30marks)

 

11. Define dispersive power of a prism. Derive the Condition for

dispersion without deviation.

12. Discuss the formation of colours in thin films due to reflected light.
13. Describe the Fresnel’s diffraction at a straight edge.
14. Explain how Nicol prism can be used as an analyzer.
15. Define Einstein’s coefficients and derive the relation between them.

 

PART – C

Answer any four questions.                                                                 (4×12.5=50marks)

 

16. a) Discuss the effect of refraction on a ray of light by the matrix method.               (6.5)
17. b) Describe the Construction and working of Huygen’s eye piece.                             (6)
18. Describe Michelson’s interferometer with the help of line diagram.

Explain how  the wavelength of monochromatic light is measured using this.

18. Discuss the theory of diffraction grating. Obtain an expression for resolving power of a

grating.

19. a) With necessary theory explain the Construction and working of a Laurent’s half shade

Polarimeter.                                                                                                                (9)

1. b) A glucose solution of unknown Concentration is contained in a 12cm long tube and

seen to rotate linearly polarized light by 2.5 If the specific rotation of  glucose is 52

find the Concentration of a solution.                                                                                           (3.5)

20. With a neat diagram explain the working of a ruby laser.

 

 

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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

   B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – PHYSICS

CC 06

THIRD SEMESTER – November 2008

PH 3500 – OPTICS

 

 

 

Date : 06-11-08                     Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

PART – A

Answer ALL questions:                                                                                     (10×2=20 Marks)

1. What are principal points and principal planes?
2. Two lenses of focal lengths 8 cm and 6 cm are placed at a certain distance apart. Calculate the

distance between the lenses if they form an achromatic combination.

3. Explain the formation of colours in thin film.
4. Light of wavelength 6000 Å falls normally on a thin wedge shaped film of µ=1.5, forming

fringes  that are 2mm apart. Find the angle of the wedge.

5. Draw the intensity distribution diagram in the Fraunhofer type of diffraction

produced by two nearby parallel narrow slits illuminated by  monochromatic light.

6. Calculate the aperture of the objective of a telescope which may be used to resolve stars

separated by 4.88×10^-6 radians for light of λ=6000 Å.

7. State Malus law.
8. A sugar solution in a tube of length 20cm rotates the plane of polarization of light by 35°. If

the specific rotation of the sugar is 66.5°, calculate the concentration of the solution.

9. Distinguish between spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation.
10. What is the role of an optical resonator in a laser device?

 

PART – B

Answer any FOUR questions:                                                                          (4×7.5=30 Marks)

 

11. Construct the translation matrix for paraxial rays using Matrix method.
12. How is the refractive index of a liquid determined by forming Newton’s rings?
13. Obtain an expression for the resolving power of a plane diffraction grating.
14. a)Describe the construction and working of a half-wave plate. (5 marks)

b)Calculate the thickness of a quarter wave plate of quartz for light of  wavelength 5090Å.       Given µe=1.553 and µo =1.544.                                                                            (2.5 marks)

15. Describe the construction and working of a Ruby laser.

PART – C

Answer any FOUR questions:                                                                         (4×12.5=50 Marks)

 

16. Explain how spherical aberration arises and discuss the various methods of minimizing it.
17. Describe in detail how the wavelength of monochromatic light is found using Fresnel’s

biprism.

18. Give an account of the phenomenon of diffraction and the relevant theory of diffraction due

to a straight edge.

19. a)Give Huygen’s explanation of double refraction.                          (4.5marks)

b)With diagrams illustrate the wave surfaces in calcite when the optic axis is parallel to

the crystal surface and perpendicular to the plane of incidence.                          (8 marks)

20. a)Define Einstein’s coefficients and deduce an expression connecting them. (9 marks)

b)Explain how population inversion is achieved in He-Ne laser.                         (3.5 marks)

 

 

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     LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – PHYSICS

XC 52

FIFTH SEMESTER – April 2009

PH 5506 – OPTICS

 

 

 

Date & Time: 06/05/2009 / 1:00 – 4:00   Dept. No.                                                   Max. : 100 Marks

 

 

PART A

Answer all questions.                                                                                    (10 x 2 = 20)

 

1. What are Unit planes and Nodal planes?
2. What is achromatism?
3. What are coherent sources?
4. In Lloyd’s single mirror Interference experiment the slit source is at the distance of 2 mm from the plane of the mirror. The screen is kept at the distance of 2 m from the source. Calculate the fringe width. Wavelength  of light is 5896 A⁰ .
5. What is half period zone?.
6. State Rayleigh’s  criteria for just resolution.
7.  Write any two applications of Brewster’s Law?
8. A 100 mm long tube containing 48 cm³ of sugar solution produces an optical rotation of  13⁰ degree when placed in a saccharimeter.If the specific rotation of sugar solution is 66⁰,calculate he quatity of sugar contained in the tube in the form of a solution.
9. Write a short note on second Harmonic generation.
10. What do you mean by spontaneous and stimulated emission?

 

PART B

Answer any FOUR Questions.                                                                    (4 x 7.5 = 30)   

                                                                      

11. Derive Abbe,s sine condition for the elimination of spherical aberration and coma.
12. What is interference of light on its basis explain the color effects in thin films?
13. Find an expression for the resolving power of plane transmission grating.
14. Explain how a quarter wave plate functions to produce circularly and elliptically polarized

light..

15. Write note on threshold condition for lasing?.

 

PART C

Answer any FOUR questions.                                                                  (4 x 12.5 = 50)

 

16.a. Mention any six differences between Huygen’s and Ramsden’s  eyepieces.

1. A thick Biconvex lens having radii of curvature + 6 cm and -6 cm is made up of a

material of refractive index 1.6. If the thickness of the lens is 2 cm find

1. i) System Matrix
2. ii) Focal length

iii)Unit planes.

17. Describe the construction and working of Michelson interferometer. How will you

determine the wavelength of monochromatic light.

18)  Describe and explain the Fraunhofer pattern  obtained with the narrow slit and illuminated

by a parallel beam of mono chromatic light.

19) What is optical activity? Discuss the Fresnel’s explanation of Optical rotation..

20. Describe the construction and working f the Carbon dioxide laser.

 

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      LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – PHYSICS

XC 10

THIRD SEMESTER – April 2009

PH 3500 – OPTICS

 

 

 

Date & Time: 06/05/2009 / 9:00 – 12:00  Dept. No.                                                   Max. : 100 Marks

 

 

SECTION – A

Answer all the questions.                                                                    10 × 2 = 20 Marks

 

1. What do you mean by Nodal points and Nodal planes?
2. What is chromatic aberration of a lens?
3. Compare the interference fringes produced by biprism with those produced by Lloyd’s mirror.
4. How would you test the planeness of a surface optically?
5. Using a plane transmission grating set for normal incidence, the sodium yellow doublet is just resolved in the second order spectrum. What is the minimum number of lines present on the grating? The yellow sodium doublet has a mean wavelength of 5893A˚ with 6A˚ as the width between the two lines.
6. Distinguish between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction.
7. What is a half – wave plate?
8. State the law of Malus.
9. What do you understand by stimulated emission? Mention its importance.
10. What do you understand by nonlinear optical phenomenon?

SECTION – B

Answer any four questions.                                                               4 × 7.5 = 30 Marks

11. (a) What is the advantage of using matrix method in optics?             (2)

 

(b)        Determine the matrix that will produce the effect of refraction on a ray of

light.                                                                                                       (5.5)

12. Describe Fresnel’s biprism method to determine the wavelength of light .  (7.5)
13. (a) What is a zone plate?                                                                              (2.5)
    • What are the differences between a zone plate and a convex lens? (5)
14. How would you produce and detect elliptically polarized light?           (4.5+3)
15. Give the theory of spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation. Determine Einstein’s                                                                                                                 (7.5)

 

 

SECTION-C

Answer any four questions.                                                               4 × 12.5 = 50 Marks

16. (a) Describe the construction and working of a Ramsden eyepiece.       (3+5.5)

(b)        Explain how chromatic and spherical aberrations are minimized in this                    eyepiece.                                                                                                      (2+2)

17. (a) Describe the construction and working of Michelson’s interferometer.

(3+5.5)

(b)          How would you use it to determine the wavelength of light?                (4)

18. (a) What do you understand by resolving power of an optical instrument?

(2)

(b)        Explain Rayleigh criterion for resolution and apply it to find the resolving power of a prism.                                                                                                   (4+6.5)

19. (a) Define specific rotatory power.                                                                 (2)

(b)        Explain how specific rotatory power of a sugar solution is determined

using Laurent’s half shade polarimeter.                                                       (8.5)

(c)        A 20 cm long glass tube containing sugar solution rotates the plane of

polarization by 11˚.If the specific rotation of the solution is   66 ˚,

calculate  the concentration of the solution.                                                 (2)

20. (a) Derive threshold condition for laser action.                                               (4)

(b)        Explain the principle and working of a He – Ne laser.                               (8.5)

 

 

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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

   B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – PHYSICS

FIFTH SEMESTER – NOVEMBER 2010

PH 5509/PH 5506/PH 3500 – OPTICS

 

 

 

Date : 03-11-10                     Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

SECTION – A

Answer ALL questions.                                                                                                (10 × 2 = 20 marks)

1. What are nodal points and nodal planes?
2. Define the term dispersive power.
3. A biprism is placed at a distance of 4cm from a narrow slit illuminated by a sodium light of

wavelength 5890 ×10^-10m. The distance between the coherent sources is 0.06cm.  Find the

width of the fringes observed in an eyepiece placed at a distance of 80cm from the biprism.

4. What is meant by antireflective coating?
5. What is a zone plate?
6. Define resolving power of an optical instrument.
7. State Malus law.
8. Calculate the thickness of quarter-wave plate given that μ_e= 1.563, μ₀ = 1.543 and

λ = 6×10^-7cm.

9. What is meant by optical pumping? Mention any two methods of pumping.
10. What is meant by second harmonic generation?

 

SECTION – B

 

Answer any FOUR questions.                                                                                        (4 × 7.5 = 30 marks)

11. Derive the conditions for the combination of two narrow angled prisms to produce

dispersion without deviation.  Also mention its practical application.

12. (a) Explain how white and dark interface fringes are formed using white light in Lloyd’s

single mirror experiment.

(b) Light of wavelength 6000 falls normally on a thin wedge shaped film of refractive

index 1.45 forming fringes that are 1.8mm apart.  Find the angle of wedge.

13. Discuss the Fraunhofer diffraction due to a single slit.
14. How would you produce and detect circularly polarised light?
15. (a) What are the components of a laser?

(b) Describe Ruby laser and explain its working.

 

SECTION – C

Answer any FOUR questions.                                                                                    (4× 12.5 = 50 marks)

16. (a) Explain chromatic aberration. Derive the condition for achromatism of two lenses

separated by a distance.

(b) Two lenses of focal length 5cm and 2cm are placed at a certain distance apart.

Calculate the distance between the lenses if they form achromatic combination.

17. Describe the construction and working of Michelson’s interferometer. Explain how the

wavelength of a monochromatic source can be determined using this interferometer.

18. Discuss the Rayleigh’s Criterion for the limit of resolution. Obtain an expression for the

resolving power of a plane diffraction grating.

19. (a) Define specific rotation.

(b) Describe the working of a half shade polarimeter and explain how it is used to

determine the specific rotation of sugar.

20. Discuss Einstenis’s theory of stimulated absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated

emission and hence deduce the conditions for laser action.

 

 

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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – PHYSICS

FIFTH SEMESTER – APRIL 2011

PH 5509/PH 5506/PH 3500 – OPTICS

 

 

 

Date : 19-04-2011              Dept. No.                                          Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 1:00 – 4:00

 

PART-A

       Answer All  Questions                                                                                      (10×2=20 marks)

 

 

1. Give any two methods to minimize the spherical aberration .
2. State any two difference between Ramsden and Huygens eyepiece.
3. Give the condition for interference maxima and minima interms of path difference.
4. What should be the positions of mirrors to produce circular fringes and straight fringes in Michelson interferometer.
5. In a plane transmission grating the angle of diffraction for the second order principal maxima for the wavelength 5×10^-5 cm is 30^◦.Calculate the number of lines in one cm of the grating surface.
6. Define the term Resolving power of telescope.
7. State Brewster’s law.
8. A 20 cm long tube containing sugar solution rotates the plane of polarization by 11^◦ .If the specific rotation of sugar is 60^◦ .Calculate the strength of the solution.
9. What is a meta stable state?
10. Write a short note on stimulated Raman scattering.

                                                                    PART-B

Answer ANY FOUR  Questions                                                                        (4X7.5=30 marks)

 

11. Derive an expression for the net dispersion without deviation using

a direct vision prism.

12. Explain the formation of fringes by an Air wedge. Derive an expression

for the fringe width.

13. What is a Zone plate? Show that it acts as a convex lens.
14. What is meant by double refraction? Give Huygens theory of double refraction

in uniaxial crystals.

15. What are Einstein coefficients? Obtain the relation between them.

 

PART–C

Answer ANY FOUR Questions :                                                         ( 4×12.5 = 50marks )

 

16. i) What is system matrix? Analyze the system of thin lenses using the

Matrix  formulation.                                                                                             (7 marks)

 

1. ii) Derive the condition for achromatism of two thin lenses placed in contact.

                                                                                                                            (5.5 marks)

 

17. Describe the Fresnel’s Biprism . Explain how the wavelength of light can be

determined with its help.

 

18. Describe with necessary theory, Fraunhoffer diffraction due to double slit.

 

19. i) Explain the principle ,construction, working and uses of Nicol prism

with a neat diagram.                                                                                           (9 marks)

 

1. ii) What is half wave plate? Calculate the thickness of  Half wave plate of

quartz for a wave length of 5000 A^◦. Given μ_e=1.553 and μ₀=1.554.        (3.5 marks)

 

20. What is carbon dioxide laser? With necessary diagrams explain the

construction and working of it.

 

 

 

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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – PHYSICS

FIFTH SEMESTER – APRIL 2012

PH 5509/PH 5506/PH 3500 – OPTICS

 

 

 

Date : 30-04-2012              Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

 

PART – A

 

Answer ALL questions:                                                                                                       (10 x 2 = 20 marks)                                       

1. What are nodal planes?  When do nodal points coincide with the principal points?
2. What is Abbe’s sine condition?  Where is it applied?
3. What is the principle behind the appearance of beautiful colors produced by the thin film of soap bubble?
4. What is fringe width?
5. What is a zone plate? In which aspect is it different from a convex lens?
6. What is grating element? Write one use of grating
7. If the refractive index of glass is 1.5, what is the angle of polarization?
8. Which type of crystals exhibit double refraction? why? Give an example
9. Write down any four characteristics of laser beam?
10. Differentiate between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission

 

PART – B

Answer any FOUR questions:                                                                     [4 x 7.5 = 30 marks]

 

1. Compare and contrast Huygen’s eyepiece and Ramsden’s eye piece.
2. The width of the fringes obtained on a screen kept at a distance 80 cm from a biprism is 9.424 x 10 ^{– 8} cm. What is the distance between the two coherent sources if the wave length of sodium light used is 5890 A⁰?
3. What is Rayleigh’s criterion for the resolution of spectral lines? Obtain an expression for the resolving power of a telescope.
4. How would you produce, detect [a] plane polarized and [b] circularly polarized light?
5. What is non linear optics? Explain how second harmonics are generated?

 

 

 

 

PART – C

Answer any FOUR questions:                                                                     [4 x 12.5 = 50 marks]

 

1. [a] Define the term dispersive power. [b] Explain how two narrow angled prisms of different dispersive powers may be combined to produce [i] dispersion without deviation and [ii] deviation without dispersion.
2. With the neat diagram, describe the construction and working of a Michelson’s interferometer and discuss its applications.
3. What is Fraunhofer diffraction? Discuss the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to a single slit and hence explain how the wavelength of light is determined using it.
4. What is optical activity? Outline the principle and working of a half shade polarimeter and explain how the specific rotation of glucose is determined using it.
5. With the neat diagram, explain the construction, principle of working , energy level diagram  and applications of He – Ne laser.

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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – PHYSICS

FIFTH SEMESTER – NOVEMBER 2012

PH 5509/5506/3500 – OPTICS

 

 

 

Date : 06/11/2012             Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

 

PART – A

Answer ALL questions:                                                                                         (10 × 2 = 20 marks)           

1. What are unit planes of a lens system?
2. Two lenses of focal lengths 7cm and 3cm are placed at a certain distances apart. Calculate the distance between the lenses for the achromatic combination.
3. What is antireflection coating?
4. Mention the applications of Michelson’s interferometer.
5. Distinguish between Fresnel and Fraunhofer types of diffraction.
6. What is Rayleigh’s condition for resolution?
7. State and explain Brewster’s law.
8. What is a half wave plate? Mention its action on a plane polarized light incident on it.
9. What are the essential components of a laser?
10. What is meant by second harmonic generation?

 

PART – B

Answer any FOUR questions.                                                                           (4 × 7.5 = 30 marks)

11. (a) What is spherical aberration? (2)

(b) Obtain the condition for minimizing spherical aberration in the case of two coaxial lenses

separated by a distance.                                                                                              (5.5)

12. (a) What are coherent sources?                                                                                      (2)

(b)  How would you determine the wavelength of light using Lloyd’s mirror experiment? (5.5)

13. (a) What is a zone plate?                                                                                                    (2.5)

(b)     Compare it with a convex lens.                                                                                     (5)

14. Explain the production of elliptically and circularly polarized light.   (3.5+4)
15. Write a note on stimulated Raman scattering.

 

 

 

PART – C

Answer any FOUR questions:                                                                        (4× 12.5 = 50 marks)

16. (a)  Derive the conditions for the combination of two narrow angled prisms to produce

(i) dispersion without deviation and    (ii) deviation without dispersion.           (5+5)         (b) A telescope objective of focal length 1.5m is an achromat made of two lenses whose

materials have dispersive powers 0.018 and 0.027.  Calculate the focal lengths of the two

lenses.                                                                                                                                (2.5)

17. (a) Describe the construction and working of Fabry-Perrot interferometer.                  (3.5+5)

(b)   Explain how it can be used to determine the wavelength of light.                                 (4)

18. (a) Give the theory of a diffraction grating.                                                                      (7.5)

(b) Describe, in detail, how you would use a transmission grating for measuring the

wavelength of light.                                                                                                         (5)

19. (a) Define specific rotation.                                                                                                  (2)

(b)  Explain how it is experimentally determined using Laurent’s half shade polarimeter.

(8.5)

(c) Determine the specific rotation of the given sample of sugar solution if the plane of

polarization is turned through 12º and the length the tube containing 10% sugar solution

is 25cm.                                                                                                                            (2)

20. (a) What is population inversion?      (2)

(b) Describe the construction and working of CO₂ laser with neat diagrams.                  (3.5+7)

 

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