Slave Dynasty (1206 – 1290) in Indian History:
- Slave Dynasty was also called Ilbari Dynasty, Yamini Dynasty or Mamluk Dynasty.
- Qutub-ud-din Aibak was a slave of Muhammed Ghori and he founded the lave Dynasty in 1206 AD.
- Aibak was the first Muslim ruler of India.
- The capital of Qutub-ud-din Aibak was at Lahore
- He was known as ‘Lakh Baksh’ or ‘giver of lakhs’ or ‘giver of favours’ for his magnanimity.
- Hasan Nizami was a famous historian in the court of the Aibak.
- Qutub-ud-din Aibak started the construction of Qutub Minar in 1199 in Delhi in memory of the Sufi saint Quaja Qutub – ud-din Bhaktiar Kaki. Its construction was completed by Ithumish. It is a five storied building.
- Qutub-ud-din Aibak died 1210 by falling from horseback while playing Polo.
- After the death of Qutubuddin, Aram Shah ascended the throne but he was deposed by Ilthumish and crowned himself the Sulthan.
- During the period of Ilthumish (1210-1236) Chengizkhan, the Mongole conqueror attacked India (1221).
- Ilthumish is considered as the real founder of Delhi Sulthanate.
- Ilthumish is considered as the real founder of Delhi Sulthanate
- Ilthumish was the first Sulthan of Delhi to get recognition of the Khalif of Bagdad.
- Ilthumish was also the first Sulthan to make Delhi his capital.
- He issued a purely Arabic coinage of Silver and was the first to do so.
- Coins introdued by Ilthumish, ‘Silver Thanka’ and ‘Copper Jital’ were the two basic coins of the Sulthanate period.
- He organised the ‘Chalisa’ or the famous Turkish forty to help him in the administration.
- Iltumish completed the construction of Qutub Minar.
- The revenue system of the Sulthanate ‘Iqta system’, was introduced by Ilthumish.
- Ilthumish was succeeded by his son Ruknuddin Firoz Shah. But he was later executed and Razia became the sulthan (daughter of Ilthumish)
- Sulthana Raziya, the only women ruler of, the Sultanate came to power in 1236 and reigned till 1240.
- Sulthana Raizya rejected the Pardah, she adorned the male dress and held open courts.
- In October 14, 1240 both Razia and Altunia who earlier raised arms against Razia but later joined with her were, beheaded at Kaithal.
- After Raizya Behran Shah (1240 – 42) Allaud-din- Masudshah (1242 – 46) and Naziruddin Muhammad (1246 – 1266) ruled and Balban, the founder of the second Ilban dynasty, became the Sulthan.
- Ghiasuddin Balban ‘a slave water carreer, huntsman, noble, statesman became the Sulthan of Delhi in 1266 and continued in power till 1686 AD.
- Balban is considered as the founder of Second Ilbary Dynasty.
- Balban described himself as ‘shadow of God’ or the ‘viceregent of God on Earth’ (Zil-i-illahi)
- Balban because of his autocratic rule is considered as a ‘typical oriental despot’.
- The Chalisa or forty established by Ilthumish was abolished by Balban.
- His policies are considered to be ‘Draconian’.
- He started the Iranian system of Sajda and Piabos.
- He was a patron of men of letters and showed special favour to the poet Amir Khusrau.
- After Balban’s death in 1286, Kayqubad (1287 -90) became the Sulthan.
- Madhavacharya of the Dwaita Philosophy got help from Balban.
- Balban’s Tomb is situated in Delhi. It was constructed by Balban himself.
- Kayqubad was the last Slave Sulthan. (Kayumars who ruled for a term of three months was actually the last Slave Sulthan. He was killed by Jalaluddin Khilji) and founded the Khilji Dynasty.
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