The English and the French in Indian History:
- The English East India Company was formed by a group of Merchants known as ‘The Merchant Adventurers’ in 1599.
- Early Name of the company was John Company.
- English East India Company was formally established on 31st December 1600 by a Charter issued by Queen Elizabeth of the Tudor dynasty.
- Hector, the first ship of the English East India company reached Surat on 24 August 1606.
- In 1612 the Company became a joint stock company.
- Sir Thomas Roe, first ambassador of James I of England landed at Surat and met Jahangir in 1613 and the first English factor, was established at Surat.
- The company acquired Bombay from Charles II on lease which he got as dowry from Portugal.
- The designation of ‘Chief Justice’ was introduced in India by the English in 1678.
- Madras became the first presidency chartered as municipal corporation with Mayor’s court 1687.
- Job Charnock founded the city of Calcutta.
- Colbert the minister of Louis XIV created the compangnile des Indes Orientales in 1664.
- Francis Carton set up the first French factory at Surat in 1668.
- The First French Governor of Ponicherry was Francois Martin.
- The arrival of Dupleix as French Governor in India in 1742 saw the beginning of Anglo- French Conflict.
- The first Carnatic war between the French and the English for supremacy in South India occured in 1742. It ended in 1748 by the treaty of Aix-la- Chapple.
- The second Carnatic war was from 1748 to 1754.
- Robert Clive was the Governor of the English during the Carnatic wars.
- The Gregorian Calendar came to be used throughout the British dominion in 1752.
- The Second Carnatic war ended with the treaty of Pondicherry in 1754.
- The Third Carnatic war was from 1758 to 1763.
- At the Battle of Wandiwash Eyre Coot defeated French general Lally in 1760.
- With the treaty of Paris in 1763 peace was settled between the French and English.
- The battle of Plassey was fought in the year 1757 June 13.
- In 1756 Siraj-ud-daula, the Nawab of Bengal, attacked Calcutta and captured it. 146 British prisoners including their commander John Zepheria Holwell and four women were locked in a small room. 123 of them died inside due to suffication. This incident is known a Black-hole tragedy.
- Battle of Plassey was fought between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-daula, the Nawab of Bengal.
- Siraj-ud-daula was defeated in the battle.
- Mir Zafar was made the Nawab of Bengal after the battle of Plassey.
- After the battle of Plassey Robert Clive became the first Governor of Bengal.
- The Construction of fort William of Calcutta was started by Lord Clive.
- In 1764 the European Bengal Regiment mutinied which was followed by the First Indian Sepoy Mutiny against the British.
- The combined forces of Mirkassim, Emperor of Delhi and Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula of Oudh were defeated in the Battle of Buxar on October 23 1764.
- Robert Clive introduced official postal system in India in 1766.
- Robert Clive introduced ‘Dual government’ in Bengal.
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