The Great Indian National Movement in Indian History:

The most important events during Lord Duferin’s Period (1884-1888) were the third Anglo Burmese War (1885-86) and the establishment of the first All India organisation, the Indian National Congress.
The INC was founded in December 28, 1885 at the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay.
72 delegates participated in the first session of the INC.
It was founded by A.O. Hume a retired Civil Servant.
W.C. Banerjee was the first president of INC.
The Indian Association of S.N. Banerjee and Anand Mohan Bose, organised an All Indian National Conference in 1883 December. They had given a call for another conference in 1885.
The term ‘congress’ was desired from the history of The United States of America.
‘Congress’ means assembly of the people.
The name Congress was suggested to the organisation by DadaBai Naoroji.
Dadabai Naoroji founded the East Indian Association in 1866.
A.O. Hume was the General Secretary of INC till 1892.
The Second Session of the INC met at Calcutta in December 1886, under the presidentship of Dadabhai Naoroji. Here the National Conference merged itself with the INC.
The second session was attended by 436 delegates and there were 2000 delegates in 1889.
The period from 1885 to 1905 is known as the Moderate Phase of Indian National Congress. Prominent leaders of this phase were Dadabhai Naoroji, Badruddin Tyabji, Pheroz Shah Mehta, Surendranath Banerjee, Gopalakrishna Gokhale etc.
‘‘We do not ask favours, we only want justice’’, these were the words Dadabhai Naroji.
Dadabhai Noaroji is the author of the book ‘‘Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India’’ which contains the famous ‘‘drain theory’’.
The British committee of INC was founded in 1889.
Aurobindo Ghosh called INC a ‘‘begging institute’’
Bibin Chandra Pal viewed ‘‘INC playing with bubble’’.
Tilak, the father of Indian unrest said ‘‘INC should distinguish between begging and claiming right’’ Tilak said ‘‘Rights are not begged they are claimed’’.
The congress sessions lasts only for three days a year.
Dadabhai Naoroji is known as ‘‘The Grand Old Man of India’’. He was the first Indian to become a member of the House of Commons on the Liberal Partys ticket. He became the president of INC thrice, in 1886, 1893 and 1906. He founded ‘Gyan Prakash Mandali’ and Bombay Association in 1852. He is also known as father of Indian Economics and Politics.
Badruddin Tyabji was the first Indian barrister at Bombay High Court. He was the first Muslim president of INC. He became the third president of INC in Madras session in 1887.
W.C. Banerjee founded the Bombay chronicle in 1913 and the ‘Moderate school’.
S.N. Banerjee founded the Indian Association in 1876. He was the first President of Indian National Liberal Federation (1918).
Gopalakrishna Gokhale founded the ‘Servants of India Society in 1905.
K.T. Telang became the first ‘‘Hardworking secretary’’ of INC.
Jawaharlal Nehru observed the Early Congress to be ‘‘an English knowing upper class affair’’.
George Yule was the first foreigner to become the President of INC. (1888, Allahabad)
Gopala Krishna Gokhale was populary known as the ‘Socrates of Maharahstra’. M.G. Ranade was the political guru of Gokhale.
Gokhale is considered as the political guru of Gandhiji.
Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman to become the president of Indian National Congress (1925 Kanpur session)
Nellin Sengupta became the third woman President of INC, 1933 at the Calcutta Session. in 1906.
The word Swaraj was first used in the Calcutta session in1906.
First Joint session of Congress and Muslim League was held at Lucknow 1916.

EARLY ASSOCIATIONS

Year.. Organisation Founder Place
1838 … Landholders society …………….. Dwaraknath Tagore …………… Clcutta
1839 … British India Society……………….. William Adams …………………. London
1851 … British India Association………… Devendranath Tagore ……….. Calcutta
1862 … London India Committee …………… C.P. Mudaliar …………………. London
1866 … East India Association …………….. Dadabhai Naoroji ……………. London
1867 … National Indian Association…….. Mary Carpenter …………….. London
1872 … Indian Society …………………. Anand Mohan Bose ……………….. London
1876 … Indian Association… Anand Mohan Bose andS.N. Banerjee … Calcutta
1883 … Indian National Society………… Shishir Chandra Bose ……… Calcutta
1884 … Indian National Conference…….. S M Banerjee …………………… Calcutta
1885 … Bombay Presidency Association ……. Mehta and Telang ……… Bombay
1888 .. United India Patriotic Association . Sir Syed Ahmed Khan………Aligarh
1905 … Servants of India Society …… G.K. Gokhale …………………… Bombay
1920 … Indian Trade Union Congress…. NM Joshi (founder) …… Lucknow
Lala Lajpat Rai (President)
1924 … All India Communist Party……… Satyabhakta …………………Kanpur
1928 … Khudai Khidmatgar ………… Abdul Gaffar Khan ……………. Peshwar
1936 … All India Kisan Sabha ……… Sahajananda and N.J. Ranga ……. Lucknow
1940 … Radical Democratic Party…………. M.N. Roy ………………………… Calcutta

First session held in a village was 1937 session held at Fazipur.
Only session presided over by Gandhi – Belgaum (1924).
Complete independence was demanded for the first time (1929) at Lahore.
For the first time National Song was sung in the Calcutta session (1896) of INC ie Vande Mataram.
During the fourth session of INC (1888, Allahabad) emphasise was given on the formation of its constitution.
During the Nagpur session 1891, the word National was added to congress.
During the Poona session (1895) representives for the second time discussed on the formation of its Constitution.
In the Lucknow session of the Congress (1916) the two factions of congress (extremists and moderates) reunited.
During the special session of the congress in Calcutta (1920) Gandhi proposed to start Non-co operation Movement. Instead of Constitutional self-government congress declared Swaraj Party in 1922.
During the Delhi session (1923) Indian National Congress decided to establish All India Khadi Board.
During the Guwahati session of INC (1926) wearing Khadi was made cumpulsory to its workers
During the Madras session (1908) its constitution was formed.
In Madras session of the INC (1927) proposals for independence and to boycott Simon Commission were passed
During the Karachi session (1931) Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy proposals were passed.
During its 1932 and 1933 Sessions Government had declared INC an illegal organisation.
During the Lucknow session (1936) Nehru explained for the first time.
During Faizpur session (1937) Congress decided to takepart in election of 1937.
1938 session of Congress was held in a village Haripura.
In the Ramagarh session (1904) decision was taken on Individual Satyagraha.
While Britishers tried to use Congress as a safety valve, Indian leaders tried to use it as a lightning conductor.
During the Tripura session (1939) Subash Chandra Bose defeated Pattabhi Sitaramayya (Gandhi’s candidate in presidential election) but later resigned and Rajendra Prasad became the president.
During Calcutta session (1928) first All India Youth Congress was established.
During the Delhi session (1918) along with S.N. Banerjee many liberals resigned and Rajendra Prasad became its president.
Aurobindo published New Lamps For Old. It was the first systematic critic of the Moderates.
The radical wing of the INC that emerged at the end of the 19th century is referred to as the Extremist Group.
The main leaders of the Extremist Group were Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, B.C. Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh.
Tilak asserted Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it.
Tilak started two newspapers the Mahratha in English and the Kesari in Marathi. He started Sivaji festival to stimulate nationalism.
Lord Curzon Partitioned Bengal on 20th July 1905 as a part of the ‘Divide and Rule Policy’.
Rabindra Nath Tagore composed ‘Amer Sonar Bengla’ as a part of ante partition movement, which later became the National Anthem of Bangladesh.
Boycott of British products was first suggested by Krishna Kumar Mitra in Sanjivani.
The Swadeshi Movement was started in 1905.
‘Charka’ (spinning wheel) came to typify the popular concern for country’s economic self sufficiency.
Swadesh Bandhav Samiti of Barisal founded by Ashwini Dutt was the largest Volunteer body to support Swadeshi Movement.
First real labour union – The Printers Union was formed on October 1905.
Vande Mataram Movement was started by Chandra Pal in Madras.
Tilak began the Swadesh Vastra Pracharine Sabha to propagate Swadeshi Movement.
Savarkar founded ‘Mitra mela’.
Chakravarthi Vijiaraghavacharya was the first Indian leader to undergo imprisonment in 1882. He was an extremist leader. He was the first Indian to draft a Swaraj constitution for India which was presented at the Madras session in 1927.
First congress leader to suffer severe terms of imprisonment for the sake of the country was Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Tilak wrote ‘Gita Rahasya’.
Bipin Chandrapal started an English weekly New India.
Bipin Chandrapal founded Bande Mataram in 1906 (an organization)
Lala Lajpat Rai is popularly known as Sher-e- Punjab (Lion of Punjab). He founded and edited ‘‘The Punjabee’’, ‘The Vante Mataram’ and the English weekly ‘‘The people’’.
The Bengali daily Yugandar was started by Aurobindo Gosh. He also started weeklies ‘Karma Yogin’ and ‘Dharma’.

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