GATE-2022
ES: Environmental Science and Engineering
General Aptitude
Q.1 – Q.5 Carry ONE mark each.
1. X speaks _________ Japanese _________ Chinese.
(A) neither / or
(B) either / nor
(C) neither / nor
(D) also / but
2. A sum of money is to be distributed among P, Q, R, and S in the proportion 5 : 2 : 4 : 3, respectively.
If R gets Rs. 1000 more than S, what is the share of Q (in Rs.)?
(A) 500
(B) 1000
(C) 1500
(D) 2000
3. A trapezium has vertices marked as P, Q, R and S (in that order anticlockwise). The side PQ is parallel to side SR.
Further, it is given that, PQ = 11 cm, QR = 4 cm, RS = 6 cm and SP = 3 cm.
What is the shortest distance between PQ and SR (in cm)?
(A) 1.80
(B) 2.40
(C) 4.20
(D) 5.76
4. The figure shows a grid formed by a collection of unit squares. The unshaded unit square in the grid represents a hole.
What is the maximum number of squares without a “hole in the interior” that can be formed within the 4 × 4 grid using the unit squares as building blocks?
(A) 15
(B) 20
(C) 21
(D) 26
5. An art gallery engages a security guard to ensure that the items displayed are protected. The diagram below represents the plan of the gallery where the boundary walls are opaque. The location the security guard posted is identified such that all the inner space (shaded region in the plan) of the gallery is within the line of sight of the security guard.
If the security guard does not move around the posted location and has a 360° view, which one of the following correctly represents the set of ALL possible locations among the locations P, Q, R and S, where the security guard can be posted to watch over the entire inner space of the gallery.
(A) P and Q
(B) Q
(C) Q and S
(D) R and S
Q.6 – Q. 10 Carry TWO marks each.
6. Mosquitoes pose a threat to human health. Controlling mosquitoes using chemicals may have undesired consequences. In Florida, authorities have used genetically modified mosquitoes to control the overall mosquito population. It remains to be seen if this novel approach has unforeseen consequences.
Which one of the following is the correct logical inference based on the information in the above passage?
(A) Using chemicals to kill mosquitoes is better than using genetically modified mosquitoes because genetic engineering is dangerous
(B) Using genetically modified mosquitoes is better than using chemicals to kill mosquitoes because they do not have any side effects
(C) Both using genetically modified mosquitoes and chemicals have undesired consequences and can be dangerous
(D) Using chemicals to kill mosquitoes may have undesired consequences but it is not clear if using genetically modified mosquitoes has any negative
consequence
7. Consider the following inequalities.
(i) 2x − 1 > 7
(ii) 2x − 9 < 1
Which one of the following expressions below satisfies the above two
inequalities?
(A) x ≤ −4
(B) −4 < x ≤ 4
(C) 4 < x < 5
(D) x ≥ 5
8. Four points P(0, 1), Q(0, −3), R(−2, −1), and S(2, −1) represent the vertices of a quadrilateral.
What is the area enclosed by the quadrilateral?
(A) 4
(B) 4√2
(C) 8
(D) 8√2
9. In a class of five students P, Q, R, S and T, only one student is known to have copied in the exam. The disciplinary committee has investigated the situation and recorded the statements from the students as given below.
Statement of P: R has copied in the exam.
Statement of Q: S has copied in the exam.
Statement of R: P did not copy in the exam.
Statement of S: Only one of us is telling the truth.
Statement of T: R is telling the truth.
The investigating team had authentic information that S never lies.
Based on the information given above, the person who has copied in the exam is
(A) R
(B) P
(C) Q
(D) T
10. Consider the following square with the four corners and the center marked as P, Q, R, S and T respectively.
Let X, Y and Z represent the following operations:
X: rotation of the square by 180 degree with respect to the S-Q axis.
Y: rotation of the square by 180 degree with respect to the P-R axis.
Z: rotation of the square by 90 degree clockwise with respect to the axis
perpendicular, going into the screen and passing through the point T.
Consider the following three distinct sequences of operation (which are applied in the left to right order).
(1) XYZZ
(2) XY
(3) ZZZZ
Which one of the following statements is correct as per the information provided above?
(A) The sequence of operations (1) and (2) are equivalent
(B) The sequence of operations (1) and (3) are equivalent
(C) The sequence of operations (2) and (3) are equivalent
(D) The sequence of operations (1), (2) and (3) are equivalent
Environmental Science and Engineering
Q.11 – Q.35 Carry ONE mark Each
11. A student reported following arsenic concentrations in water samples:
Which one of the following is a correct statement about arsenic concentration distribution?
(A) Arsenic concentration distribution is symmetric
(B) Arsenic concentration distribution is positively skewed
(C) Arsenic concentration distribution is negatively skewed
(D) Arsenic concentration is following Weibull distribution
12. X is normally distributed with following data (25.8, 36.6, 26.3, 21.8, 27.2). Select
the correct statement about X (tcrit, α=0.05,4 = 2.132):
(A) Population mean < 25 with 95% confidence
(B) Population mean < 25 with 100% confidence
(C) Population mean > 25 with 95% confidence
(D) Population mean > 25 with 100% confidence
13. Assuming s > 0; Laplace transform for f(x) = sin ax is
14. Given P is m × n matrix, Q is n × l matrix, R and S are n × n matrices, and superscript T denotes transpose. Consider
Relationship 1: (PQ)T = QTPT
Relationship 2: (RS)−1 = S−1R−1
Which one of the following is correct?
(A) Relationship 1 is false; Relationship 2 is false
(B) Relationship 1 is true; Relationship 2 is false
(C) Relationship 1 is true; Relationship 2 is true
(D) Relationship 1 is false; Relationship 2 is true
15. Specific conductance is used in water analysis to indirectly estimate dissolved solids. The measurements used in the method accounts for
(A) Cations only
(B) All ions
(C) Anions only
(D) Un-ionized species
16. Ten litres of the sample was filtered through a membrane filter and the filter was transferred to solid agar media which supports growth of coliform organisms. After incubation at 37°C for 48 hours, the agar plates showed an average of 64 colonies per plate. What was the average concentration of coliform organisms (in Colony Forming Units per unit volume) in the original water sample?
(A) 64 CFU/ml
(B) 640 CFU/ml
(C) 6.4 × 10−3 CFU/ml
(D) 64 × 10−3 CFU/ml
17. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction is an analytical procedure used in detection of pathogenic microorganisms. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct in this context?
(A) It is used for identifying presence or absence of specific RNA in samples.
(B) It is used only for identifying Corona Viruses, including SARS CoV2 in samples.
(C) It cannot differentiate between viable and inactivated viruses.
(D) It is based on conversion of RNA to DNA followed by DNA amplification
18. Consider the following statements
Statement 1: Goodrich method for reservoir routing is based on hydrologic flood routing method.
Statement 2: Muskingum method for channel routing is based on hydraulic flood routing method.
Which one of the following is correct?
(A) Statement 1 is false; Statement 2 is false
(B) Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is false
(C) Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is true
(D) Statement 1 is false; Statement 2 is true
19. The correct order of hydraulic conductivity for the geologic formations is
(A) Aquifer > Aquitard > Aquiclude > Aquifuge
(B) Aquifer < Aquitard < Aquiclude < Aquifuge
(C) Aquitard > Aquifer > Aquifuge > Aquiclude
(D) Aquifer > Aquiclude >Aquitard > Aquifuge
20. Centrifugal pumps with suction pipe (shown by solid arrow) and delivery pipe (shown by dotted arrow) are shown in the figures. Choose the option that gives the correct connection
21. Carbon dioxide is used in recarbonation process. A solution has 1 mole/L supersaturated calcium carbonate. Estimated amount of carbon dioxide (in grams) needed to completely convert calcium carbonate to calcium ions in 1 litre solution is
(A) 44.000 gram
(B) 0.044 gram
(C) 40.000 gram
(D) 0.040 gram
22. A river water sample has pH of 4 and suspended solids concentration of 100 mg/L. If, alum is chosen as a coagulant, what will be the coagulation mechanism?
(A) Ionic layer compression only
(B) Sweep coagulation and Polymer bridging
(C) Polymer bridging only
(D) Charge neutralization, surface adsorption, ionic layer compression
23. Which one of the following is most commonly used raw material in flue gas desulfurization units?
(A) Limestone
(B) Titanium Oxide
(C) Fenton reagent
(D) Beryllium Oxide
24. Leachate generated from a legacy municipal solid waste dumping site has to be collected and managed carefully. Which one of the following statements is correct in the context of treatment of leachate from such a site?
(A) Settling chamber followed by micro-filtration units are required.
(B) Modular treatment units targeting dissolved organic matter and salts are required.
(C) Only biological treatment units like ASP with extended aeration are required.
(D) Only a combination of anaerobic-aerobic treatment units is required
25. Which one of the following statements is correct regarding Global warming?
(A) Water vapour does not contribute to global warming.
(B) Global warming is likely to increase the productivity of plants due to CO2
fertilization.
(C) CFCs do not cause global warming, but can cause ozone layer depletion in stratosphere.
(D) HFCs and HCFCs are good substitutes for the ozone depleting substances as they cause neither global warming nor ozone layer depletion
26. In context of ecosystems, which one of the following is NOT a correct statement?
(A) The growth of an organism such as a plant may be dependent on a number of different factors such as sunlight, mineral nutrients (nitrates, phosphates, etc.), etc. Liegib’s law states that, growth occurs at the rate permitted by the most limiting factor.
(B) The carrying capacity of a population is determined by its limiting resources. Carrying capacity is the upper limit of an ecosystem up to which it can provide the basic needs to the population under given circumstances.
(C) The Ramsar convention on lakes and backwater systems of International importance is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of lakes and backwater systems. The treaty was signed in 1981 and became effective in 1985.
(D) A Red Data Book contains lists of species whose continued existence is threatened. Species are classified into different categories of perceived risk. Each Red Data Book usually deals with a specific group of animals or plants and fungi.
27. Which one of the following statements correctly defines the concept of ‘Extended Producer’s Responsibility’?
(A) The responsibility of a producer for environmentally sound disposal of the product after the end of its life
(B) The responsibility of a producer for environmentally sound manufacturing process for the product
(C) The responsibility of a producer for environmentally sound management of the product from manufacturing stage until it is sold in the market
(D) The responsibility of a producer for environmentally sound management of the product until the end of its life
28. If G represents Gibbs free energy, select the correct statement(s)
(A) If ΔG = 0, reaction will proceed only in one direction
(B) If ΔG = 0, reaction will be in equilibrium
(C) If ΔG < 0, reaction will proceed forward
(D) If ΔG > 0, reaction will not proceed forward
29. For effluents generated by a molasses based distillery and wood based pulp and paper industry, which of the following statement(s) is/are NOT correct?
(A) Both the effluents have dark colour.
(B) Both the effluents have high toxicity.
(C) Both the effluents generally have BOD greater than 15,000 ppm.
(D) Both the effluents have high pH.
- PM5 concentrations in ambient air can be measured using
(A) Beta attenuation method
(B) Chemiluminescence method
(C) Gravimetric method
(D) Non dispersive infrared spectroscopy method
31. Biodegradable wastes like vegetable peelings from kitchen are usually processed by composting techniques. Which of the following option(s) regarding the processing of biodegradable wastes is/are correct?
(A) Vermi-composting is relatively faster than windrow composting, however vermi-composting is not frequently used on large commercial scale.
(B) The windrow height should be as short as possible as large windrow height may cause compaction due to the self-weight.
(C) The windrow height should be as large as possible as that will help to ensure appropriate temperature within the windrow.
(D) Earthworms facilitate the growth of microorganisms and break down complex organic molecules to simpler ones using enzymatic secretions.
32. As per ‘Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 of Govt. of India, the import of hazardous and other wastes from any country shall NOT be permitted for which of the following option(s)?
(A) Recovery, reuse and recycle
(B) Disposal in abandoned mines
(C) Safe disposal in engineered landfills
(D) Utilization, including co-processing
33. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India has published the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) draft Notification 2020, intended to replace the existing EIA Notification, 2006 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Which of the following is/are the key change(s) from existing regulation?
(A) Removal of several project/ activities from the purview of public consultation.
(B) A list of projects has been included under Category B2, expressly exempted from the requirement of an EIA.
(C) All the project related activities are brought under the purview of necessary public consultation.
(D) A list of projects has been included under Category B2, bringing them under the requirement of detailed EIA.
34. is _________(rounded off to one decimal place)
35. The following figure shows a 2-hour unit hydrograph (1 cm rainfall excess) for a catchment area of 540 hectare.
The peak discharge (in m3/s, rounded off to one decimal place) of the above unit hydrograph is __________
Q.36 – Q.65 Carry TWO marks Each
36. Given,
The problem is a/an
(A) initial value problem having solution y = x
(B) boundary value problem having solution y = x
(C) initial value problem having solution
(D) boundary value problem having solution
37. Eigen values of the matrix are
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 1 and 3
(C) 1 and −2
(D) 0 and 3
38. For an exponentially growing microbial culture, the specific growth rate (µ) is related to its doubling time (td) by which one of the following relations?
(A) td = µ
(B) td = µ2
(C)
(D)
39. A microbial culture, with a specific growth rate of µ1 (per hour), is being grown in a continuous reactor at steady state with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hours. This reactor is subjected to a perturbation by reducing the HRT to 12 hours. The reactor recovers from the perturbation and comes to a new steady state with a new specific growth rate of µ2 (per hour). Which one of the following statements is correct?
(A) µ1 = µ2
(B) µ1 = 0.5 µ2
(C) µ2 = 0.5 µ1
(D) µ2 = e0.5 µ1
40. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with respect to a batch reactor?
(A) No reactant is added after the reactor has started operation.
(B) No product is withdrawn during the course of the reactor operation.
(C) The reactor operates under steady state.
(D) The reactor operation is carried out for a pre-specified duration.
41. A bag filter is used for removal of particulate matter having a range of sizes. The correct sequence of air filtration mechanisms for their removal, in order of decreasing size, is
(A) Diffusion, Impaction, Disintegration
(B) Disintegration, Impaction, Interception
(C) Diffusion, Impaction, Interception
(D) Impaction, Interception, Diffusion
42. A relatively calm room has background sound power level (SPL) of 30 decibels (dB). A television and a radio with SPL of 80 dB and 70 dB, respectively, started operating simultaneously in this room. Given the reference sound power is 10-12 Watts, what will be the resulting SPL in the room, assuming all the sources operate independently?
(A) 180.0 dB
(B) 80.4 dB
(C) 82.4 dB
(D) 150.0 dB
MSQ
43. During night, in troposphere, which of the following is/are NOT correct
(A) NO2 + hυ → NO + O
(B) Most of the NOx (i.e., NO + NO2) converts to NO
(C) NO + O3 → NO2 + O2
(D) Most of the NOx (i.e., NO + NO2) converts to NO2
44. A typical plasmid-free bacterial cell having a single chromosome consists of ~55% protein, ~3% DNA and ~21% RNA, where “%” represents percentage of dry weight. Assuming there are 2500 different types of protein molecules (with at least one copy number) being expressed in a living bacterial cell at any given time, which of the following statement(s) is/are NOT correct with respect to the number of intracellular DNA, RNA and protein molecules?
(A) DNA = RNA = Protein ≥ 2500
(B) DNA = RNA = 1; Protein ≥ 2500
(C) DNA = 1; RNA = Protein ≥ 2500
(D) DNA = 1; RNA > Protein ≥ 2500
45. Average values of the re-aeration rate constant for river X and river Y are 0.92 per day and 1.12 per day, respectively. Average de-oxygenation rate constants for the same rivers are 0.23 per day and 0.35 per day respectively. Then, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(A) Self-purification capacity of river Y is more than that of river X.
(B) Self-purification capacity of river X is more than that of river Y.
(C) River Y has higher turbulence and/or higher velocity and/or higher algal growth compared to river X.
(D) Pollutants in river X are more biodegradable than that in river Y.
46. Which of the following statement(s) is/are NOT correct while comparing continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and plug flow reactor (PFR)?
(A) CSTR and PFR are normally operated under steady state condition.
(B) There is complete homogeneity in the CSTR while there are concentration variations within the PFR.
(C) The overall reaction carried out in a PFR is always higher than that in a CSTR for same total volume.
(D) Reaction kinetics do not play any role in choosing between a CSTR and PFR
47. According to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Central Pollution Control Board, Govt. of India, notification 2009) which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(A) SO2 and NO2 have annual average standards; while O3 and CO have eight hour average standards.
(B) SO2 and CO have annual average standards; while O3 and NO2 have eight hour average standards.
(C) SO2 and CO have eight hour average standards; while O3 and NO2 have hourly average standards.
(D) SO2 and NO2 have 24 hour average standards; while O3 and CO have hourly average standards.
48. Consider the figure shown below for three different cases:
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct for surface level emissions, given the environmental temperature?
(A) Case P represents unstable atmosphere and results in higher dispersion of emissions.
(B) Case Q represents subsidence inversion and results in higher dispersion of emissions than Case P.
(C) Case Q represents elevated inversion and results in lower dispersion of emissions than Case P.
(D) Case R represents subsidence inversion and results in lower dispersion of emissions than Case P.
49. As per the Solid Waste Management Rules of 2016 (Govt. of India), which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(A) Biodegradable wastes should be processed biologically preferably in decentralized facilities at the sources of generation.
(B) Biodegradable wastes should be processed biologically preferably in centralized facilities away from the sources of generation.
(C) Used sanitary pads and napkins should be wrapped and disposed into the domestic hazardous waste containers.
(D) Non-biodegradable components with a heat content more than 1500 kcal/kg should be used for power generation or Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) manufacture.
50. Carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle play important role in the ecosystems. Which of the following statement(s) is/are NOT correct about the phosphorus cycle?
(A) Shortage of phosphorus can be a limiting factor in many ecosystems, however, its excess can stimulate eutrophication.
(B) Organic phosphates exist in various rock and soil minerals.
(C) Like carbon cycle, phosphorus also has a gaseous phase and can move into far away ecosystems.
(D) Human interventions like application of phosphorus fertilizers cause much phosphorus to get into the ocean
51. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding National Green Tribunal (NGT) of India?
(A) NGT Act 2010 draws inspiration from the India’s constitutional provision of Article 21 – Protection of life and personal liberty, which assures the citizens of India the right to a healthy environment.
(B) A retired Judge of the Supreme Court, can be the Chairperson of the NGT.
(C) NGT Act 2017 is based on the India’s constitutional provision of Article 361 -Protection of Biodiversity and Environmental Protection, which bestows the citizens of India with a duty to protect all abiotic and biotic components of the environment.
(D) The NGT is mandated to make and endeavor for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 45 days of filing of the same.
52. The area of the region (rounded off to one decimal place) enclosed between the curves y = x and y = 3√x and between the lines x = 0 and x = 1 is ________units.
53. An individual has four different email accounts. 60% of emails come into his corporate account, 30% come into his gmail account and remaining 10% are equally divided into his yahoo and zoho accounts. Only 1% of the emails in his corporate accounts are spam, whereas corresponding percentages for gmail, yahoo and zoho accounts are 2%, 3% and 3%, respectively. Assuming that the same spam filter is used in all the four email accounts, the probability (in percentage, rounded off to one decimal place) of having a randomly selected email as spam is _____
54. A solution has 0.001 mole/L zinc ions having pH of 6. Solubility product of zinc hydroxide is given as 8×10−18 (mole/L)3. Ignoring activity corrections, the ratio (rounded off to two decimal places) of reaction coefficient to solubility product would be
55. The Henry’s law constant of CO2 is 3.4×10−2 M per atm in neutral water at 25° The dissolved CO2 (i.e., CO2.H2O) at equilibrium undergoes the following reactions.
CO2.H2O ⇌ H+ + HCO3− (Equilibrium constant = 4.3 × 10−7 M)
HCO3− ⇌ H+ + CO32− (Equilibrium constant = 4.7 × 10−11 M)
If ambient CO2 concentration is 300 ppm, the total dissolved CO2 (in µM, rounded off to one decimal place) is _____.
56. An isolated storm of 3 hours occurred over a catchment area in the following manner
Total rainfall excess (in cm, rounded off to one decimal place) over the catchment for the above storm is ______.
57. Two reservoirs having a difference of 20 m in their water surface elevations are connected through a confined aquifer (thickness = 5 m, length = 2 km, hydraulic conductivity K = 3 × 10−3 m/s, and porosity η = 0.3) as shown in the following figure (drawn not to scale).
If the Reservoir 1 is contaminated by a pollutant then the time (in days, rounded off to one decimal place) taken by the pollutant to reach to the Reservoir 2 under advection will be ____.
58. A venturimeter along with a differential manometer was installed to measure flow in a water pipeline as shown in the following figure (not drawn to scale).
Taking specific weight of water as 9810 N/m3 , the pressure difference (in Pa, rounded off to one decimal place) between point Q and P is ____.
59. Two reservoirs having a difference of 10 m in their water surface elevations are connected by a pipeline (diameter = 10 cm, length = 50 m, and friction factor f = 0.02). If the last 25 m length of the pipeline is replaced by a same material pipe of diameter 20 cm then neglecting minor losses the discharge (in %, rounded off to one decimal place) will increase by ____.
60. The depth of flow (in m, rounded off to two decimal places) in a hydraulically efficient rectangular channel (n = 1/80) to carry a discharge of 64 m3/s at bed slope 0.01 is _____.
61. Clean water is passed through a bed of uniform spherical sand at a filtration velocity of 0.002 m/sec. The sand grains are 0.4 mm in diameter and have a specific gravity of 2.65. Bed depth is 0.67m and porosity (η) is 0.35. Given, water density = 998.2 kg/m3; water dynamic viscosity = 1.002 × 10−3s. Friction factor (f) is given as: f = 1.75 + {150× (1-η)/(Re)} where Re is Reynolds number. The headloss (in m, rounded off to three decimal places) calculated using the Carmen-Kozney equation is _______.
62. A sewage treatment plant with a capacity of 10 million litres per day (MLD) is treating the sewage through an aerobic biological process. The inlet and outlet BOD are measured as 100 and 30 mg/l, respectively. If the mixed microbial culture has an observed biomass yield of 0.5 g Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS)/g BOD, the sludge production rate (in kg per day, rounded off to one decimal place) when the plant is operating at 80% capacity will be ______.
63. A centrifuge is processing 1000 litres per hour of water containing 2 g per litre of suspended solids. The thickened slurry coming out of the centrifuge has solids concentration of 20 g per 100 ml. If the centrifuge has 99% efficiency based on solids separation, the flow rate (in litres per hour, rounded off to one decimal place) of the supernatant stream will be ______.
64. A ground level source emits 1000 g per day of SO2. In vicinity of the source, ambient temperature is measured at 10 m and 110 m as 25°C and 24.5°C, respectively. The mean wind speed is found to be 2 m per second. The dispersion coefficients at 1000 m downwind distance from the source are given in table below:
Estimated ground level concentration (in µg/m3, rounded off to two decimal places) of SO2 at a downwind distance of 1000 m (at the plume centerline) from the source is ______.
65. Figure below gives the heat inflow into the furnace of a waste-to-energy plant along with the heat outflows from the furnace.
Assume: (i) total heat loss equal to 3% of heat released while burning waste, (ii)
sensible heat of the waste is negligible, (iii) complete burning of the waste is ensured. If the waste feed rate into this plant is 70 kg/h, the heat content of the waste (in kcal/kg, rounded off to one decimal place) is _____.
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