GATE-2022
MT: Metallurgical Engineering
General Aptitude
Q.1 – Q.5 Carry ONE mark each.
1. X speaks _________ Japanese _________ Chinese.
(A) neither / or
(B) either / nor
(C) neither / nor
(D) also / but
2. A sum of money is to be distributed among P, Q, R, and S in the proportion 5 : 2 : 4 : 3, respectively.
If R gets Rs 1000 more than S, what is the share of Q (in Rs)?
(A) 500
(B) 1000
(C) 1500
(D) 2000
3. A trapezium has vertices marked as P, Q, R and S (in that order anticlockwise). The side PQ is parallel to side SR.
Further, it is given that, PQ = 11 cm, QR = 4 cm, RS = 6 cm and SP = 3 cm.
What is the shortest distance between PQ and SR (in cm)?
(A) 1.80
(B) 2.40
(C) 4.20
(D) 5.76
4. The figure shows a grid formed by a collection of unit squares. The unshaded unit square in the grid represents a hole.
What is the maximum number of squares without a “hole in the interior” that can be formed within the 4 × 4 grid using the unit squares as building blocks?
(A) 15
(B) 20
(C) 21
(D) 26
5. An art gallery engages a security guard to ensure that the items displayed are protected. The diagram below represents the plan of the gallery where the boundary walls are opaque. The location the security guard posted is identified such that all the inner space (shaded region in the plan) of the gallery is within the line of sight of the security guard.
If the security guard does not move around the posted location and has a 360o view, which one of the following correctly represents the set of ALL possible locations among the locations P, Q, R and S, where the security guard can be posted to watch over the entire inner space of the gallery.
(A) P and Q
(B) Q
(C) Q and S
(D) R and S
Q.6 – Q.10 Carry TWO marks each.
6. Mosquitoes pose a threat to human health. Controlling mosquitoes using chemicals may have undesired consequences. In Florida, authorities have used genetically modified mosquitoes to control the overall mosquito population. It remains to be seen if this novel approach has unforeseen consequences.
Which one of the following is the correct logical inference based on the information in the above passage?
(A) Using chemicals to kill mosquitoes is better than using genetically modified mosquitoes because genetic engineering is dangerous
(B) Using genetically modified mosquitoes is better than using chemicals to kill mosquitoes because they do not have any side effects
(C) Both using genetically modified mosquitoes and chemicals have undesired consequences and can be dangerous
(D) Using chemicals to kill mosquitoes may have undesired consequences but it isnot clear if using genetically modified mosquitoes has any negative consequence
7. Consider the following inequalities.
(i) 2x − 1 > 7
(ii) 2x − 9 < 1
Which one of the following expressions below satisfies the above two inequalities?
(A) x ≤ −4
(B) −4 <x ≤ 4
(C) 4 <x< 5
(D) x ≥ 5
8. Four points P(0, 1), Q(0, −3), R(−2, −1), and S(2, −1) represent the vertices of a quadrilateral.
What is the area enclosed by the quadrilateral?
(A) 4
(B) 4√2
(C) 8
(D) 8√2
9. In a class of five students P, Q, R, S and T, only one student is known to have copied in the exam. The disciplinary committee has investigated the situation and recorded the statements from the students as given below.
Statement of P: R has copied in the exam.
Statement of Q: S has copied in the exam.
Statement of R: P did not copy in the exam.
Statement of S: Only one of us is telling the truth.
Statement of T: R is telling the truth.
The investigating team had authentic information that S never lies.
Based on the information given above, the person who has copied in the exam is
(A) R
(B) P
(C) Q
(D) T
10. Consider the following square with the four corners and the center marked as P, Q, R, S and T respectively.
Let X, Y and Z represent the following operations:
X: rotation of the square by 180 degree with respect to the
S-Q axis.
Y: rotation of the square by 180 degree with respect to the P-R axis.
Z: rotation of the square by 90 degree clockwise with respect to the axis perpendicular, going into the screen and passing through the point T.
Consider the following three distinct sequences of operation (which are applied
in the left to right order).
(1) XYZZ
(2) XY
(3) ZZZZ
Which one of the following statements is correct as per the information provided above?
(A) The sequence of operations (1) and (2) are equivalent
(B) The sequence of operations (1) and (3) are equivalent
(C) The sequence of operations (2) and (3) are equivalent
(D) The sequence of operations (1), (2) and (3) are equivalent
Metallurgical Engineering
Q.11 – Q.29 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry ONE mark each
11. The Taylor series expansion around x = 0 of the function truncated to first two terms is _______
12. According to Sieverts’ law, the equilibrium solubility of N2 (gas) in molten steel is proportional to _________
Given: Equilibrium partial pressure of N2 (gas) is pN2
(A) pN2
(B) √pN2
(C) 1/pN2
(D) pN22
13. Titanium is produced commercially by ______
(A) smelting reduction of TiO2
(B) thermal dissociation of TiH2
(C) reduction of TiCl4 by Mg
(D) reduction of TiO2 by H2
14. Magnesium treatment is carried out to produce _______ cast iron.
(A) white
(B) gray
(C) spheroidal graphite
(D) malleable
15. The sequence of peaks corresponding to the planes (in the order of increasing 2θ) observed in the X-ray diffractogram of a pure copper powder sample is ______
(A) 111, 200, 220, 311
(B) 110, 200, 211, 220
(C) 110, 200, 211, 311
(D) 111, 200, 311, 220
16. Which one of the following Non Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques CANNOT be used to identify volume defects in the interior of a casting?
(A) Ultrasonic testing
(B) X-ray computed tomography
(C) Dye-penetrant testing
(D) Gamma ray radiography
17. Neutral point in rolling is defined as the point along the surface of contact between the roll and the sheet, where the surface velocity of the roll is _______
(A) zero
(B) half the velocity of the sheet
(C) twice the velocity of the sheet
(D) equal to the velocity of the sheet
18. In fluid flow, the dimensionless number that describes the transition from laminar to turbulent flow is _______
(A) Reynolds number
(B) Schmidt number
(C) Biot number
(D) Prandtl number
19. Which one of the following elements has the slowest removal rate from hot metal in basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking?
(A) Carbon
(B) Sulfur
(C) Silicon
(D) Phosphorus
20. Match the nature of bonding (Column I) with material (Column II)
Column I Column II
(P) Ionic (1) Diamond
(Q) Covalent (2) Silver
(R) Metallic (3) NaCl
(S) Secondary (4) Solid argon
(A) P – 4, Q – 3, R – 2, S – 1
(B) P – 2, Q – 1, R – 3, S – 4
(C) P – 3, Q – 1, R – 4, S – 2
(D) P – 3, Q – 1, R – 2, S – 4
21. Which one of the following figures illustrates a lap joint with fillet weld?
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV
22. The CCT diagram of a eutectoid steel with a superimposed cooling curve is shown in the figure. The microstructure at room temperature (RT) after this heat treatment is ________
(A) pearlite only
(B) pearlite + retained austenite
(C) martensite only
(D) pearlite + martensite
23. Given that V is a closed volume in space bounded by the surface S with unit normal is any non-zero vector and
is the gradient operator, then the volume integral
is equal to the surface integral
by virtue of _______
(A) Stokes Curl theorem
(B) Reynolds transport theorem
(C) Buckingham Pi theorem
(D) Gauss divergence theorem
24. In green sand moulding, the casting defect resulting from the displacement of mould cavity by an oversized core is known as ________
(A) crush
(B) hot tear
(C) blow
(D) fin
25. Which one of the following modern practices is used for retarding the solution loss reaction in blast furnace iron making?
(A) High top pressure
(B) Bell-less top
(C) Pulverized coal injection
(D) Rotating chute for burden distribution
26. For a material that undergoes strain hardening, necking instability occurs during tensile testing when ________
Given: σ = true stress and ϵ = true strain.
27. Match the processes (Column I) with the corresponding defects (Column II).
Column I Column II
(P) Extrusion (1) Earing
(Q) Deep drawing (2) Cold shut
(R) Forging (3) Edge cracking
(S) Rolling (4) Fir-tree cracking
(A) P − 1, Q − 4, R −2, S − 3
(B) P − 2, Q − 1, R − 4, S − 3
(C) P − 4, Q − 1, R − 3, S − 2
(D) P − 4, Q − 1, R − 2, S − 3
28. With increase in carbon content (up to 2 mass%) in Fe-C alloy, which one of the following statements is correct with respect to the lattice parameters (c and a) of BCT martensite?
(A) Both c and a increase
(B) c increases but a decreases
(C) c decreases but a increases
(D) Both c and a decrease
29. With reference to the stress intensity factor, find the correct match of nomenclature (Column A) with the mode of deformation applied to the crack (Column B).
Column A Column B
(P) Mode I (X) Forward shear mode
(Q) Mode II (Y) Parallel shear mode
(R) Mode III (Z) Crack opening mode
(A) P − Z, Q − Y, R − X
(B) P − Z, Q − X, R − Y
(C) P − Y, Q − X, R − Z
(D) P − Y, Q − Z, R − X
Q.30 – Q.33 Multiple Selection Question (MSQ), carry ONE mark each
30. In continuous casting of steel, mould flux is used for _____
(A) lubrication
(B) reducing heat loss
(C) inclusion control
(D) reducing solidification shrinkage
31. Identify the correct statement(s) with respect to the role of nickel as an alloying element in steels.
(A) It increases the Ms temperature
(B) It is an austenite stabiliser
(C) It decreases the Ms temperature
(D) It is a carbide former
32. While designing a material for high temperature application, which of the following characteristic(s)/attribute(s) is(are) desirable for achieving better creep resistance?
(A) Fine grain size
(B) FCC crystal structure
(C) High melting point
(D) Cold worked microstructure
33. Given the strain rate dislocation density (ρ), dislocation velocity (v), which of the following relationship(s) is(are) correct? Assume that Orowan equation for plastic flow due to the dislocation movement is obeyed.
Q.34 – Q.35 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), carry ONE mark each
34. A set of observations with normal distribution of error as ±1.96σ (where σ is standard deviation) is equivalent to the confidence interval of ________% (round off to the nearest integer).
35. A Newtonian incompressible liquid is contained between two parallel metal plates separated by 10−3 m (see figure). A stress of 5 Pa is required to maintain the upper plate in motion with a constant speed of 2 m∙s−1 in the horizontal direction relative to the bottom plate.
The viscosity of liquid contained between the plates is _______ × 10−3 Pa∙s (answer rounded off to 1 decimal place).
Q.36 – Q.42 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry TWO marks each
36. The general solution to the following differential equation is _______, where A and B are constants
(A) y = A sin(2t) + B
(B) y = A sin(2t) + B cos(2t)
(C) y = A e2t + Be−2t
(D) y = A e2t + B t e2t
37. Which one of the following equations will fail to converge to a root with an initial guess value of x = 0.5, using the Newton-Raphson method?
(A) x(1 – x) = 0
(B) ex – 3x2 = 0
(C) x – ln(3x) = 0
(D) tan(x) – x = 0
38. Match the following mineral processing operations (Column I) with the corresponding physical principles (Column II)
(A) P − 2, Q − 4, R − 1, S − 3
(B) P − 2, Q − 3, R − 1, S − 4
(C) P − 3, Q − 1, R − 4, S − 2
(D) P − 1, Q − 4, R − 2, S − 3
39. Figures P, Q, R and S schematically show the atomic dipole moments in the absence of external magnetic field. Which one of the following is the correct mapping of nature of magnetism to atomic dipole moments?
(A) P – Diamagnetism, Q – Antiferromagnetism, R – Paramagnetism, S – Ferromagnetism
(B) P – Ferromagnetism, Q – Antiferromagnetism, R – Diamagnetism, S – Paramagnetism
(C) P – Paramagnetism, Q – Ferromagnetism, R – Diamagnetism, S – Antiferromagnetism
(D) P – Ferromagnetism, Q – Diamagnetism, R – Antiferromagnetism, S – Paramagnetism
40. Find the correct match between dislocation reactions (Column A) to the descriptions (Column B)
(A) P − 3, Q − 2, R − 1
(B) P − 3, Q − 1, R − 2
(C) P − 2, Q − 3, R − 1
(D) P − 2, Q − 1, R − 3
41. Match the phenomena (Column I) with the descriptions (Column II)
(A) P − 1, Q − 2, R − 3, S − 4
(B) P − 1, Q − 2, R − 4, S − 3
(C) P − 3, Q − 4, R − 1, S − 2
(D) P − 3, Q − 1, R − 4, S − 2
42. For a 3×3 matrix, the value of the determinant is −48 and the trace is 8. If one of the eigenvalues is 4, the other two are ________
(A) 2, −3
(B) 1, −3
(C) 6, −2
(D) −4, 0
43. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) TRUE about black body radiation?
(A) Among all radiation emitted by an ideal black body at room temperature, the most intense radiation falls in the visible light spectrum
(B) The total emissive power of an ideal black body is proportional to the square of its absolute temperature
(C) The emissive power of an ideal black body peaks at a wavelength λ which is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature
(D) The radiant energy emitted by an ideal black body is greater than that emitted by the non-black body at all temperatures above 0 K
44. Which of the following parameter(s) influence(s) the melting rate of the consumable wire in a gas metal arc welding process?
(A) Stick-out length
(B) Welding speed
(C) Welding current
(D) Diameter of the consumable wire
45. A non-rotating smooth solid spherical object is fixed in the stream of an inviscid incompressible fluid of density ρ (see figure). The flow is horizontal, slow, steady, and fully developed far from the object as shown by the streamline arrows near point O. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) TRUE?
(Note: B is the center of the sphere and the straight horizontal line OAB intersects the surface of the sphere at the point A.)
(A) The velocity of the fluid at the point A is zero
(B) The fluid pressure at the point A exceeds that at point O by the amount ρv2/2, where v is the fluid velocity at point O
(C) Fluid moving precisely along OA will turn perpendicular to OA to circumvent the object
(D) On each side of the central streamline OA, the flow will be deflected round the object
Q.46 – Q.65 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), carry TWO marks each
46. From high temperature tensile testing, the flow stress (measured at the same value of strain) of an alloy was found to be 50 MPa at a strain rate of 0.1 s−1 and 70 MPa at a strain rate of 10 s−1. The strain rate sensitivity parameter is _______ (round off to 3 decimal places).
47. A spherical gas bubble of radius 0.01 mm is entrapped in molten steel held at 1773 K. If the pressure outside the bubble is 1.5 bar, the pressure inside the bubble is _____ bar (round off to 1 decimal place).
Given: 1 bar = 105 Pa and the surface tension of the steel at 1773 K is 1.4 N⋅ m−1.
48. What is the equilibrium pco/pco2 ratio for the given reaction at 1873 K? (round off to 2 decimal places)
Mo(s) + O2(g) ↔ MoO2(s)
Given : ∆fG°1873 = −262300 J; and ∆rG°1873 = −120860 J for the reaction CO(g) + 0.5O2(g) ↔ CO2(g); R = 8.314 J∙K−1∙mol−1.
49. The emf of the cell
Au-Pb(liquid) |PbCl2-KCl(liquid)|Cl2(gas, 0.5 atm), C(graphite)
is 1.2327 V at 873 K. Activity of Pb in the Au-Pb alloy is 0.72 and the activity of PbCl2 in the electrolyte is 0.18. The standard Gibbs energy of formation of
PbCl2(liquid) at 873 K is _______ kJ∙mol−1 (round off to 1 decimal place).
Given : R = 8.314 J∙K−1∙mol−1 and F = 96500 C∙mol−1.
50. Consider a tilt boundary of misorientation of 2° in an aluminium grain. The lattice parameter of aluminium is 0.143 nm. The spacing between the dislocations that form the tilt boundary is ____________ nm (round off to 2 decimal places).
51. Molten steel at 1873 K weighing 100 metric tons is desulfurized using 1250 kg of synthetic slag by equilibration. If the sulfur content in the steel is reduced from 0.015 mass% to 0.0025 mass%, the desulfurizing index is _______ (round off to the nearest integer).
52. High cycle fatigue data for an alloy at various alternating stresses, σa (see figure) is given below
A specimen of this alloy is subjected to multiple stress cycles sequentially in the following order: (i) first 5000 cycles at σa = 400 MPa followed by (ii) 25000 cycles at σa = 300 MPa and finally (iii) at σa = 500 MPa. Assuming that Miner’s law is obeyed, the number of cycles to failure at the final applied stress of 500 MPa is _________.
53. The partial molar enthalpy of Au in Ag-Au melt containing 25 mol% Au at 1400 K is −8300 J∙mol−1. Assuming regular solution behavior, the activity of Au in the melt is _______ (round off to 3 decimal places).
Given : R = 8.314 J∙K−1∙mol−1
54. A rectangular block made of Material I and Material II of identical cross sections (as shown in the figure) has a temperature (T) of 435 K and 400 K at the bottom and top surfaces, respectively. Assuming purely steady state conductive heat transfer, the temperature at the interface is _______ K (round off to nearest integer).
(Given: The two parts of the block made of Material I and Material II have equal thickness of 25 mm each. The thermal conductivities of Material I and Material II are 50 W∙m−1 ∙ K−1 and 200 W∙m−1∙K−1, respectively.)
55. During solidification of a pure metal, the radius of critical nucleus at an undercooling of 10 K is ________ × 10−9 m (answer rounded off to 1 decimal place).
Given: solid/liquid interface energy = 0.177 J∙m−2,
melting point of the metal = 1356 K and
latent heat of fusion = 1.88 × 109 J∙m−3
56. The concentration C of a solute (in units of atoms∙mm−3) in a solid along x direction (for x > 0) follows the expression
C = a1x2 + a2x
where x is in mm, a1 are in units of atoms∙mm−5 and atoms∙mm−4, respectively. Assuming a1 = a2 = 1, the magnitude of flux at x = 2 mm is ______ × 10−3 atoms∙mm−2∙s−1(answer rounded off to the nearest integer).
Given: diffusion coefficient of the solute in the solid is 3 × 10−3 mm2∙s−1.
57. Assuming that Dulong-Petit law is valid for a monoatomic solid, the ratio of heat capacities Cp/Cv at 500 K is _____ (round off to 3 decimals).
Given: molar volume = 7 × 10−6 m3∙mol−1,
isothermal compressibility = 8 × 10−12 Pa−1,
isobaric expansivity = 6 × 10−5K−1 and R = 8.314 J∙K−1∙mol−1.
58. A sieve made of steel wire of diameter 53 μm has an aperture size of 74 μm. Its mesh number is ______ (round off to the nearest integer).
59. Steel plates are welded autogenously using Gas Tungsten Arc welding with an arc heat transfer efficiency of 0.65. The first weld is made using a welding current of 200 A at an arc voltage of 18 V with a welding speed of 0.002 m∙s−1 The second weld is made at a welding speed of 0.0022 m∙s−1 with the same arc voltage. If both the welds have identical heat input, the welding current of the second weld is _________ A (round off to the nearest integer).
60. A cylindrical specimen of an Al alloy with diameter of 30 mm is cold extruded to a diameter of 20 mm. If the flow behavior of the alloy is expressed by the equation, σ = 350 ϵ3 MPa, the ideal plastic work of deformation per unit volume is ________ × 106 J (answer rounded off to the nearest integer).
61. The integral of the function f(x) = 0.2 + 10x2 estimated by the trapezoidal rule with a single segment from x = 0 to x = 1 is _______ (round off to 1 decimal place).
62. Air at 300 K is passed at a mass flow rate of 1.5 kg ∙ s−1 through a metallic tube of inner diameter 0.08 m. Inner wall temperature of the tube is maintained at 700 K. Temperature of the air leaving the tube is 600 K. Assuming that heat transfer occurs entirely by steady state convection, length of the tube is ________ m (round off to 2 decimal places).
Given: the coefficient of convective heat transfer from tube wall to air is 500 W∙m−2K−1. Assume specific heat capacity of air to be constant and equal to 1080 J∙kg−1∙K−1 and π = 3.14
63. Given the stress tensor
the maximum shear stress is _________ MPa (round off to the nearest integer).
64. A set of 11 (x, y) data points is least-squares fitted to a quadratic polynomial. If the sum of squares of error is 2.4, the variance of error is ________ (round off to 1 decimal place).
65. The equilibrium microstructure of an alloy A-B consists of two phases α and β in the molar proportion 2:1. If the overall composition of the alloy is 70 mol% B and the composition of β is 90 mol% B, the composition of α is ______ (in mol% B) (round off to the nearest integer).
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