GATE-2021
PH: Physics
GA – General Aptitude
Q.1 – Q.5 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry ONE mark each (for each wrong answer: – 1/3).
1. (i) Arun and Aparna are here.
(ii) Arun and Aparna is here.
(iii) Arun’s families is here.
(iv) Arun’s family is here.
Which of the above sentences are grammatically CORRECT?
(A) (i) and (ii)
(B) (i) and (iv)
(C) (ii) and (iv)
(D) (iii) and (iv)
2.
3. Two identical cube shaped dice each with faces numbered 1 to 6 are rolled simultaneously. The probability that an even number is rolled out on each dice is:
(A) 1/36
(B) 1/12
(C) 1/8
(D) 1/4
4. ⊕ and ⊙ are two operators on numbers p and q such that p ⊙ q = p – q, and p ⊕ q – p × q
Then, (9 ⊙ (6 ⊕ 7)) ⨀ (7 ⊕ (6 ⊙ 5) =
(A) 40
(B) -26
(C) -33
(D) -40
5. Four persons P, Q, R and S are to the seated in a row, R should not be seated at the second position from the left end of the row. The number of distinct seating arrangement possible is:
(A) 6
(B) 9
(C) 18
(D) 24
Q.6 – Q. 10 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry TWO marks each (for each wrong answer: – 2/3).
6. On a planar field, you travelled 3 units East from a point O. Next you travelled 4 units South to arrive at point P. Then you travelled from P in the North-East direction such that you arrive at a point that is 6 units East of point O. Next, you travelled in the North-West direction, so that you arrive at point Q that is 18 units North of Point P.
The distance of point Q to point O, in the same units, should be_____
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6
7. The author said, “Musicians rehearse before their concerts. Actors rehearse their roles before the opening of a new play, On the other hand, I find it strange that many public speakers think key can just walk on to the stage and start speaking. In my opinion, it is no less important for public speakers to rehearse their talks.”
Based on the above passage, which one of the following is TRUE?
(A) The author is of the opinion that rehearsing is important for musicians, actors and public speakers.
(B) The author is of the opinion that rehearsing is less important for public speakers than for musicians and actors.
(C) The author is of the opinion that rehearsing is more important only for musicians than public speakers.
(D) The author is of the opinion that rehearsal is more important for actors than musicians.
8. (1) Some football players play cricket.
(2) All cricket players play hockey.
Among the options given below, the statement that logically follows from the two statements 1 and 2 above, is:
(A) No football player plays hockey.
(B) Some football players play hockey.
(C) All football players play hockey.
(D) All hockey players play football.
9. In the figure shown above, PQRS is a square. The shaded portion is formed by the intersection of sectors of circles with radius equal to the side of the square and centers at S and Q.
The probability that any point picked randomly within the square falls in the shaded area is______
(A)
(B) 1/2
(C) π/2
(D) π/4
10. In an equilateral triangle PQR, side PQ is divided into four equal parts, side QR is divided into six equal parts and side PR is divided into eight equal parts. The length of each subdivided part in cm is an integer.
The minimum area of the triangle PQR possible, in cm2, is
(A) 18
(B) 24
(C) 48√3
(D) 144√3
Physics (PH)
Q.1 – Q.9 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry ONE mark each (for each wrong answer: – 1/3).
1. Choose the graph that best describes the variation of dielectric constant (ϵr) with temperature (T) in a ferroelectric material.
(TC is the Curie temperature)
2. A matter wave is represented by the wave function
Ψ(x, y, z, t) = Aei(4x+3y+5z−10πt)
where A is a constant. The unit vector representing the direction of propagation of this matter wave is
3. As shown in the figure, X-ray diffraction pattern is obtained from a diatomic chain of atoms P and Q. The diffraction condition is given by a cos θ = nλ, where n is the order of the diffraction peak. Here, a is the lattice constant and λ is the wavelength of the X-rays. Assume that atomic form factors and resolution of the instrument do not depend on θ. Then, the intensity of the diffraction peaks is
(A) lower for even values of n, when compared to odd values of n
(B) lower for odd values of n, when compared to even values of n
(C) zero for odd values of n
(D) zero for even values of n
4. As shown in the figure, two metal-semiconductor junctions are formed between an n-type semiconductor S and metal M. The work functions of S and M are φS and φM, respectively with φM > φS.
The I − V characteristics (on linear scale) of the junctions is best represented by
5. Consider a tiny current loop driven by a sinusoidal alternating current. If the surface integral of its time-averaged Poynting ector is constant, then the magnitude of the time-averaged magnetic field intensity, at any arbitrary position is proportional to
(A) 1/r3
(B) 1/r2
(C) 1/r
(D) r
6. Consider a solenoid of length L and radius R, where R ≪ A steady-current flows through the solenoid. The magnetic field is uniform inside the solenoid and zero outside.
Among the given options, choose the one that best represents the variation in the magnitude of the vector potential, (0,Aφ, 0) at z = L/2, as a function
of the radial distance (r) in cylindrical coordinates.
Useful information: The curl of a vector in cylindrical coordinates is
7. Assume that 13N (Z = 7) undergoes first forbidden β+ decay from its ground state with spin-parity Jπi, to a final state Jπf. The possible values for Jπi and Jπf, respectively, are
8. In an experiment, it is seen that an electric-dipole (E1) transition can connect an initial nuclear state of spin-parity Jπi = 2+ to a final state Jπf. All possible values of Jπf are
(A) 1+, 2+
(B) 1+, 2+, 3+
(C) 1−, 2−
(D) 1−, 2−, 3−
9. Choose the correct statement from the following.
(A) Silicon is a direct band gap semiconductor.
(B) Conductivity of metals decreases with increase in temperature.
(C) Conductivity of semiconductors decreases with increase in temperature.
(D) Gallium Arsenide is an indirect band gap semiconductor.
Q.10 – Q.16 Multiple Select Question (MSQ), carry ONE mark each (no negative marks).
10. A two-dimensional square lattice has lattice constant a.
k represents the wavevector in reciprocal space. The coordinates (kx, ky) of reciprocal space where band gap(s) can occur, are
11. As shown in the figure, an electromagnetic wave with intensity II is incident at the interface of two media having refractive indices n1 = 1 and n2 = √3. The wave is reflected with intensity IR and transmitted with intensity IT. Permeability of each medium is the same. (Reflection coefficient R = IR/II and Transmission coefficient T = IT/II).
Choose the correct statement(s).
(A) R = 0 if θI = 0° and polarization of incident light is parallel to the plane of incidence.
(B) T = 1 if θI = 60° and polarization of incident light is parallel to the plane of incidence.
(C) R = 0 if θI = 60° and polarization of incident light is perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
(D) T = 1 if θI = 60° and polarization of incident light is perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
12. A material is placed in a magnetic field intensity H. As a result, bound current density Jb is induced and magnetization of the material is M. The magnetic flux density is B. Choose the correct option(s) valid at the surface of the material.
(A) ∇. M = 0
(B) ∇. B = 0
(C) ∇. H = 0
(D) ∇. Jb = 0
13. For a finite system of Fermions where the density of states increases with energy, the chemical potential
(A) decreases with temperature
(B) increases with temperature
(C) does not vary with temperature
(D) corresponds to the energy where the occupation probability is 0.5
14. Among the term symbols
4S1, 2D7/2, 3S1 and 2D5/2
choose the option(s) possible in the LS coupling notation.
(A) 4S1
(B) 2D7/2
(C) 3S1
(D) 2D5/2
15. To sustain lasing action in a three-level laser as shown in the figure, necessary condition(s) is(are)
(A) lifetime of the energy level 1 should be greater than that of energy level 2
(B) population of the particles in level 1 should be greater than that of level 0
(C) lifetime of the energy level 2 should be greater than that of energy level 0
(D) population of the particles in level 2 should be greater than that of level 1
16. If yn(x) is a solution of the differential equation
y′′ − 2xy′ + 2ny = 0
where n is an integer and the prime ( ′ ) denotes differentiation with respect to x, then acceptable plot(s) of is (are)
Q.17 – Q.25 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), carry ONE mark each (no negative marks).
17. The donor concentration in a sample of n-type silicon is increased by a factor of 100. Assuming the sample to be non-degenerate, the shift in the Fermi level (in meV) at 300 K (rounded off to the nearest integer) is ______.
(Given: kBT= 25 meV at 300 K)
18. Two observers O and Oʹ observe two events P and Q. The observers have a constant relative speed of 0.5c. In the units, where the speed of light, c, is taken as unity, the observer O obtained the following coordinates:
Event P: x = 5, y = 3, z = 5, t = 3
Event Q: x = 5, y = 1, z = 3, t = 5
The length of the space-time interval between these two events, as measured by Oʹ, is L. The value of |L| (in integer) is ______.
19. A light source having its intensity peak at the wavelength 289.8 nm is calibrated as 10,000 K which is the temperature of an equivalent black body radiation. Considering the same calibration, the temperature of light source (in K) having its intensity peak at the wavelength 579.6 nm (rounded off to the nearest integer) is ______.
20. A hoop of mass M and radius R rolls without slipping along a straight line on a horizontal surface as shown in the figure. A point mass m slides without friction along the inner surface of the hoop, performing small oscillations about the mean position. The number of degrees of freedom of the system (in integer) is ______.
21. Three non-interacting bosonic particles of mass m each, are in a one-dimensional infinite potential well of width a. The energy of the third excited state of the system is The value of x (in integer) is ______.
22. The spacing between two consecutive S-branch lines of the rotational Raman spectra of hydrogen gas is 243. 2 cm−1. After excitation with a laser of wavelength 514. 5 nm, the Stoke’s line appeared at 17611. 4 cm−1 for a particular energy level. The wavenumber (rounded off to the nearest integer), in cm−1, at which Stoke’s line will appear for the next higher energy level is ______.
23. The transition line, as shown in the figure, arises between 2D3/2 and 2P1/2 states without any external magnetic field. The number of lines that will appear in the presence of a weak magnetic field (in integer) is _______.
24. Consider the atomic system as shown in the figure, where the Einstein A coefficients for spontaneous emission for the levels are A2→1 = 2 × 107s–1 and A1→0 = 108s–1. If 1014 atoms/cm3 are excited from level 0 to level 2 and a steady state population in level 2 is achieved, then the steady state population at level 1 will be x × 1013 cm–3. The value of x (in integer) is ______.
25. If are constant vectors,
are generalized positions and conjugate meomenta, respectively, then for the transformation
to be canonical, the value of
(in integer) is ______.
Q.26 – Q.41 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry TWO mark each (for each wrong answer: – 2/3).
26.
The above combination of logic gates represents the operation
(A) OR
(B) NAND
(C) AND
(D) NOR
27. In a semiconductor, the ratio of the effective mass of hole to electron is 2:11 and the ratio of average relaxation time for hole to electron is 1:2. The ratio of the mobility of the hole to electron is
(A) 4:9
(B) 4:11
(C) 9:4
(D) 11:4
28. Consider a spin S = ħ⁄2 particle in the state The probability that a measurement finds the state with Sx = +ħ⁄2 is
(A) 5/18
(B) 11/18
(C) 15/18
(D) 17/18
29. An electromagnetic wave having electric field E = 8 cos(kz − ωt) ŷ V cm−1 is incident at 90°(normal incidence) on a square slab from vacuum (with refractive index n0 = 1. 0) as shown in the figure. The slab is composed of two different materials with refractive indices n1and n2. Assume that the permeability of each medium is the same. After passing through the slab for the first time, the electric field amplitude, in V cm−1, of the electromagnetic wave, which emerges from the slab in region 2, is closest to
(A) 11/1.6
(B) 11/3.2
(C) 11/13.8
(D) 11/25.6
30. Consider a point charge +Q of mass m suspended by a massless, inextensible string of length l in free space (permittivity ε0) as shown in the figure. It is placed at a height d (d > l) over an infinitely large, grounded conducting plane. The gravitational potential energy is assumed to be zero at the position of the conducting plane and is positive above the plane.
If θ represents the angular position and pθ its corresponding canonical momentum, then the correct Hamiltonian of the system is
31. Consider two concentric conducting spherical shells as shown in the figure. The inner shell has a radius a and carries a charge +Q. The outer shell has a radius b and carries a charge −Q. The empty space between them is half-filled by a hemispherical shell of a dielectric having permittivity ε1. The remaining space between the shells is filled with air having the permittivity ε0.
The electric field at a radial distance r from the center and between the shells (a < r < b) is
32.
For the given sets of energy levels of nuclei X and Y whose mass numbers are odd and even, respectively, choose the best suited interpretation.
(A) Set I: Rotational band of X
Set II: Vibrational band of Y
(B) Set I: Rotational band of Y
Set II: Vibrational band of X
(C) Set I: Vibrational band of X
Set II: Rotational band of Y
(D) Set I: Vibrational band of Y
Set II: Rotational band of X
33. Consider a system of three distinguishable particles, each having spin S = 1/2 such that Sz = ±1/2 with corresponding magnetic moments μz = ±μ. When the system is placed in an external magnetic field H pointing along the z-axis, the total energy of the system is μH. Let x be the state where the first spin has Sz = 1/2. The probability of having the state x and the mean magnetic moment (in the +z direction) of the system in state x are
34. Consider a particle in a one-dimensional infinite potential well with its walls at x = 0 and x = L. The system is perturbed as shown in the figure.
The first order correction to the energy eigenvalue is
(A) V0/4
(B) V0/3
(C) V0/2
(D) V0/5
35. Consider a state described by ψ(x, t) = ψ2(x, t) + ψ4(x, t), where ψ2(x, t) and ψ4(x, t) are respectively the second and fourth normalized harmonic oscillator wave functions and ω is the angular frequency of the harmonic oscillator. The wave function ψ(x, t = 0) will be orthogonal to ψ(x, t) at time t equal to
(A) π/2ω
(B) π/ω
(C) π/4ω
(D) π/6ω
36. Consider a single one-dimensional harmonic oscillator of angular frequency ω, in equilibrium at temperature T = (kBβ)−1. The states of the harmonic oscillator are all non-degenerate having energy with equal probability, where n is the quantum number. The Helmholtz free energy of the oscillator is
37. A system of two atoms can be in three quantum states having energies 0, ε and 2ε. The system is in equilibrium at temperature T = (kBβ)−1. Match the following Statistics with the Partition function.
(A) CD:Z1, CI:Z2, FD:Z3, BE:Z4
(B) CD:Z2, CI:Z3, FD:Z4, BE:Z1
(C) CD:Z3, CI:Z4, FD:Z1, BE:Z2
(D) CD:Z4, CI:Z1, FD:Z2, BE:Z3
38. The free energy of a ferromagnet is given by F = F0 + a0(T − TC)M2 + bM4, where F0, a0, and b are positive constants, M is the magnetization, T is the temperature, and TC is the Curie temperature. The relation between M2 and T is best depicted by
39. Consider a spherical galaxy of total mass M and radius R, having a uniform matter distribution. In this idealized situation, the orbital speed v of a star of mass m (m ≪ M) as a function of the distance r from the galactic centre is best described by
(G is the universal gravitational constant)
40. Consider the potential U(r) defined as where α and U0 are real constants of appropriate dimensions. According to the first Born approximation, the elastic scattering amplitude calculated with U(r) for a (wave-vector) momentum transfer q and α → 0, is proportional to
((Useful integral:
(A) q−2
(B) q−1
(C) q
(D) q2
41. As shown in the figure, inverse magnetic susceptibility (1/χ) is plotted as a function of temperature (T) for three different materials in paramagnetic states.
(Curie temperature of ferromagnetic material =TC
Néel temperature of antiferromagnetic material= TN)
Choose the correct statement from the following
(A) Material 1 is antiferromagnetic (T < TN), 2 is paramagnetic, and 3 is ferromagnetic (T < TC).
(B) Material 1 is paramagnetic, 2 is antiferromagnetic (T < TN), and 3 is ferromagnetic (T < TC).
(C) Material 1 ferromagnetic (T < TC), 2 is antiferromagnetic (T < TN), and 3 is paramagnetic.
(D) Material 1 is ferromagnetic (T < TC), 2 is paramagnetic, and 3 is antiferromagnetic (T < TN).
Q.42 – Q.46 Multiple Select Question (MSQ), carry TWO mark each (no negative marks).
42. A function f(t) is defined only for t ≥ 0. The Laplace transform of f(t) is
whereas the Fourier transform of f(t) is
The correct statement(s) is(are)
(A) The variable s is always real.
(B) The variable s can be complex.
(C) L(f; s) and can never be made connected.
(D) L(f; s) and can be made connected.
43. P and Q are two Hermitian matrices and there exists a matrix R, which diagonalizes both of them, such that RPR−1 = S1 and RQR−1 = S2 , where S1 and S2 are diagonal matrices. The correct statement(s) is(are)
(A) All the elements of both matrices S1 and S2 are real.
(B) The matrix PQ can have complex eigenvalues.
(C) The matrix QP can have complex eigenvalues.
(D) The matrices P and Q commute.
44. A uniform block of mass M slides on a smooth horizontal bar. Another mass m is connected to it by an inextensible string of length l of negligible mass, and is constrained to oscillate in the X-Y plane only. Neglect the sizes of the masses. The number of degrees of freedom of the system is two and the generalized coordinates are chosen as x and θ, as shown in the figure.
If px and pθ are the generalized momenta corresponding to x and θ, respectively, then the correct option(s) is(are)
(A)
(B)
(C) px is conserved
(D) pθ is conserved
45. The Gell-Mann – Okuba mass formula defines the mass of baryons as where M0, a and b are constants, I represents the isospin and Y represents the hypercharge. If the mass of Σ hyperons is same as that of Λ hyperons, then the correct option(s) is(are)
(A) M ∝ I(I + 1)
(B) M ∝ Y
(C) M does not depend on I
(D) M does not depend on Y
46. The time derivative of a differentiable function g(qi, t) is added to a Lagrangian L(qi, qi̇ , t) such that where qi, q̇i, t are the generalized coordinates, generalized velocities and time, respectively. Let pi be the generalized momentum and H the Hamiltonian associated with L(qi, q̇i, t). If p’i and H’ are those associated with L′, then the correct option(s) is(are)
(A) Both L and L′ satisfy the Euler-Lagrange’s equations of motion
(B)
(C) If pi is conserved, then p’i is necessarily conserved
(D)
Q.47 – Q.55 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), carry TWO mark each (no negative marks).
47. A linear charged particle accelerator is driven by an alternating voltage source operating at 10 MHz. Assume that it is used to accelerate electrons. After a few drift-tubes, the electrons attain a velocity 2. 9 × 108 m s–1. The minimum length of each drift-tube, in m, to accelerate the electrons further (rounded off to one decimal place) is______.
48. The Coulomb energy component in the binding energy of a nucleus is 18.432 MeV. If the radius of the uniform and spherical charge distribution in the nucleus is 3 fm, the corresponding atomic number (rounded off to the nearest integer) is _______.
49. For a two-nucleon system in spin singlet state, the spin is represented through the Pauli matrices σ1, σ2 for particles 1 and 2, respectively.
The value of (σ1 ⋅ σ2) (in integer) is ________.
50. A contour integral is defined as where n is a positive integer and C is the closed contour, as shown in the figure, consisting of the line from −100 to 100 and the semicircle traversed in the counter-clockwise sense.
The value of (in integer) is ______.
51. The normalized radial wave function of the second excited state of hydrogen atom is
where a is the Bohr radius and r is the distance from the center of the atom. The distance at which the electron is most likely to be found is y × a. The
value of y (in integer) is ______.
52. Consider an atomic gas with number density n = 1020 m−3, in the ground state at 300 K. The valence electronic configuration of atoms is f7. The paramagnetic susceptibility of the gas χ = m × 10−11. The value of m (rounded off to two decimal places) is ______.
(Given: Magnetic permeability of free space μ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1
Bohr magneton μB = 9. 274 × 10−24A m2
Boltzmann constant kB = 1. 3807 × 10−23 J K−1)
53. Consider a cross-section of an electromagnet having an air-gap of 5 cm as shown in the figure. It consists of a magnetic material (μ = 20000μ0) and is driven by a coil having NI = 104A, where N is the number of turns and I is the current in Ampere.
Ignoring the fringe fields, the magnitude of the magnetic field (in Tesla, rounded off to two decimal places) in the air-gap between the magnetic poles is ______.
54. The spin and orbital angular momentum
total angular momentum.
precesses about an axis fixed by a magnetic field
where B0 is a constant. Now the magnetic field is changed to
Given the orbital angular momentum quantum number l = 2 and spin quantum number s = 1⁄2, θ is the angle between
for the largest possible values of total angular quantum number j and its z-component jz. The value of θ (in degree, rounded off to the nearest integer) is______.
55. The spin-orbit effect splits the 2P → 2S transition (wavelength, λ = 6521 Å) in Lithium into two lines with separation of ∆λ = 0. 14 Å. The corresponding positive value of energy difference between the above two lines, in eV, is m × 10−5. The value of m (rounded off to the nearest integer) is ______.
(Given: Planck’s constant, h = 4. 125 × 10−15eV s
Speed of light, c = 3 × 108 m s−1)
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