DB 11

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – CHEMISTRY

FIFTH SEMESTER – November 2008

CH 5506 – TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

 

 

 

Date : 05-11-08                     Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

PART – A

 

Answer ALL questions.                                                                                       (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

 

1. Explain Goldschmidt thermite process.
2. List out two uses of vanadium
3. Orbital contributions to magnetic moments of lanthanide ions are significant. Why?
4. The +3 oxidation state is the characteristic oxidation state of lanthanides. Account for.
5. Write the IUPAC names of i.[Co(NH₃)₅CO₃]Cl ii.Na[B(NO₃)₄].
6. [Zn(NH₃)₄ ] ²⁺ cannot be a square planar complex. Why?
7. What is K-electron capture?
8. Write down the mathematical expression of Geiger-Nuttal’s rule.
9. Bring out the relationship between the efficiency of a nuclear reaction and nuclear cross section.
10. Why is technetium 99 m is used for diagnostic purposes ?

 

 

PART – B

 

Answer any EIGHT questions.                                                                                      (8 x 5 = 40 marks)

 

11. How is potassium dichromate prepared?
12. Give an account of toxicity of mercury.
13. Describe the methods of separation of lanthanides.
14. Write briefly on the oxidation states exhibited by actinides. Why do they have greater tendency to

form complexes compared to lanthanides?

15. Explain EAN rule and predict the formula of chromium carbonyl assuming that it obeys EAN rule.
16. Sketch the possible geometric isomers for [Cr(NH₃)₂Cl₄ ]^– .Which of these will exhibit optical

isomerism?

17. For the complex ion, [Cr(H₂O)₆]²⁺, the pairing energy is found to be 23500 cm^-1. The value of Δo is

13900 cm^-1. Calculate the crystal field stabilization energy for the complex in weak field and strong

field states.

18. Write a note on the applications of radioactive isotopes in agriculture and biology.
19. Describe the functioning of scintillation counter.
20. What is binding energy? Explain with an example.
21. Describe the process of spallation.
22. What is isotopic dilution analysis? How is it carried out?

 

 

PART – C

 

Answer any FOUR questions                                                                                      (4 x 10 = 40 marks)

 

23. Explain how titanium is extracted from its ores. Mention two used of titanium. (10)
24. What is lanthanide contraction? What are its consequences? (10)

 

25. a. What are the postulates of valence bond theory, as applied to coordination compounds? Bring out

its defects.                                                                                                                                    (6)

1. Draw VB diagram and indicate the type of hybridization in [Ni(CN)₄]^2-                                   (4)
2. a. How are d-orbitals split, when a transition metal ion is placed in i. an octahedral field and
3. a tetrahedral field?    (5)
4. With the help of crystal field theory explain the given values of magnetic moments of the

following complexes:  i. K₃[Fe F₆ ]  5.9 μ (B.M)    ii. [Ni(H₂O)₆]Cl₂  2.8 μ (B.M.)                   (5)

27. Discuss the nuclear shell model and mention the defects of such a model.
28. Write notes on : i. Nuclear fusion and ii. Theory of β decay.  (5+5)

 

 

 

    LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – CHEMISTRY

WD 25

FIFTH SEMESTER – April 2009

CH 5506 – TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

 

 

 

Date & Time: 17/04/2009 / 9:00 – 12:00       Dept. No.                                                       Max. : 100 Marks

 

 

 

PART-A

 

Answer all the questions                                                                         (10 X 2 = 20) 

1. Most of the transition metals form coloured compounds. Explain.
2. Explain the terms Calcination and Roasting giving suitable examples.
3. What is meant by Half-life period of a radio active element?
4. Name the important mineral and its composition of lanthanides which occur in India.
5. Fill in the blanks.

1. ₇N¹⁴ + ₂He⁴ → ……. + ₁H¹
2. ₄Be⁹ + …… → ₆C¹² + ₀ n¹ +  5 MeV.

1. Complete the following.

1. ₉₂U²³⁸ + ₇N¹⁴ →  …….+ 4 ( ₀ n ¹ )
2. ……. + ₈O¹⁶ → ₁₀₀Fm²⁵⁰ + 4 ( ₀ n ¹)

1. Explain the co-ordination position isomerism with suitable example.
2. What is Spectrochemical series? Why is it so called?
3. Write down the general electronic configuration of actinides?
4. Define Binding energy of nucleus.

PART-B

 Answer any eight questions                                                                    ( 8 X 5 = 40)

1. Explain the extraction of Titanium from its chief ore.
2. Give an account of the various types of furnaces used in the extraction of metals.
3. What is Lanthanide contraction? What are the consequences of lanthanide contraction?
4. Give an account of magnetic and spectral properties of actinides.
5. Sketch all possible isomers of [Co( NH₃)₂(H₂O)₂Cl₂]⁺.
6. Discuss the application of Valence Bond theory to [Fe(CN)₆]^8- complex.
7. Discuss the cis-trans isomerism in 4 co-ordinate square planar complexes.
8. How will the n / p ratio influence the stability of the given nucleus?
9. Describe the application of neutron activation analysis in trace metal analysis with suitable example.
10. Describe the principle, working and uses of G.M. Counter.
11. Explain the salient feature of Shell model.
12. Discuss the Atomic Power Projects in India.

 

PART-C

 Answer any four questions                                                                (4 X 10 = 40)

1. Discuss the preparation and applications of any four compounds of transition

elements, which act as industrial catalyst.

24.a) What are inner transition elements? Comment on their position in the periodic table.

1. b) Describe how lanthanides were successfully separated by ion-exchange
2. a)What is a Chelate? What are the factors which affect the stability of chelates.
3. b) How are chelate formation useful in i) Volumetric analysis and ii) Gravimetric analysis.

1. a)Discuss the splitting of “d” orbitals of metal in square planar complexes with diagram.

b)What are the merits and demerits of Crystal Field Theory?

27. Write short notes on a) Atomic bomb b) Hydrogen bomb
28. Describe the Principle, construction, working and applications of a nuclear reactor.

 

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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

   B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – CHEMISTRY

FIFTH SEMESTER – NOVEMBER 2010

CH 5506 – TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

 

 

 

Date : 01-11-10                     Dept. No.                                                    Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

PART – A

 

Answer ALL questions.                                                                                              (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

 

1. What are molybdates? Give the structure of molybdate ion.
2. Bring out the biological importance of manganese.
3. Why do lanthanides show the characteristic +3 oxidation state?
4. Name the three actinides that are found naturally on Earth.
5. Write the IVPAC name for each of the following complexes:
6.   [CrCl₃(py)₃]^X             b. [Pt(H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂)₂Cl₂]Cl₂ .
7. Draw the fac and mer isomers of [Co(NH₃)₃Cl₃] and [Co(dien)₂] ³⁺ .
8. What is K-electron capture?
9. Write the mathematical expression of Geiger-Nuttal’s rule.
10. What are the limitations of breeder reactors?
11. Define the term critical mass.

PART – B

 

Answer any EIGHT questions.                                                                                      (8 x 5 = 40 marks)

 

11. Discuss the toxic effects of cadmium.
12. Write a brief note on organo zinc compounds.
13. How is neptunium synthesized? What are its uses? Mention its oxidation states.
14. Describe the method of isolation of uranium from its ores.
15. Using VB theory explain the geometry and magnetism of [CoF₆]^3–and [Co(CN)₆]^3– .
16. What are chelates? Why are chelated complexes more stable than similar complexes

with monodentate ligands?

17. Explain the different factors that affect the magnitude of d-orbital splitting values in an

octahedral complex.

18. Write a note on the applications of radioactive isotopes in agriculture and biology.
19. Give the salient features of Shell model of the nucleus.
20. Explain the theory of nuclear fission.
21. Describe the construction and working of GM counter.
22. Explain the principle and application of neutron activation analysis.

 

PART – C

Answer any FOUR questions                                                                                    (4 x 10 = 40 marks)

 

23. a) Discuss the various oxidations states exhibited by titanium. Which is the most stable

oxidation  state?                                                                                                                       (4)

1. b) How is chromium extracted from its ores? (6)
2. What is lanthanide contraction? What are its consequences?
3. a) Calculate the crystal field stabilization energy in terms of Δo for a d⁸ system in

octahedral and  tetrahedral complexes. Which is more stable?                                     (5)

1. b) What are the major drawbacks of VBT.
2. a) Mention the salient features of crystal field theory. How are d-orbitals split, when a

transition  metal ion is placed in (i) an octahedral field and (ii) a tetrahedral field?    (6)

1. b) Explain coordination isomerism with an example.                                                           (4)
2. a) What is n/p#ratio? How is related to stability of nuclei?                                                 (5)
3. b) What are alpha and beta decay? Give equations.                                                           (5)
4. Give an account of a nuclear fission reactor.

 

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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – CHEMISTRY

FIFTH SEMESTER – APRIL 2011

CH 5506 – TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

 

 

 

Date : 18-04-2011              Dept. No.                                                    Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

 

PART – A

Answer ALL questions.                                                                                             (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

 

1. Explain why most of the transition metals form coloured compounds.
2. What are interstitial compounds? Give any two examples.
3. What are actinides? Why are they so called?
4. Name any two minerals of lanthanides.
5. What is co-ordination number? Give an example.
6. What are ligands? Explain with an example.
7. Define radioactivity.
8. What are pi-mesons and K-mesons?
9. What are moderators? Give an example.
10. Explain orbital electron capture.

 

PART – B

Answer any EIGHT questions.                                                                            (8 x 5 = 40 marks)

 

11. Discuss the toxic effects of lead and mercury.
12. How is titanium extracted from its ores?
13. Explain the electronic spectra of lanthanide compounds.
14. Explain the metallurgy of uranium.
15. Explain spectrochemical series.
16. What is chelate effect? Explain.
17. Discuss Cis-trans isomerism in four coordinate square planar complexes.
18. Calculate packing fraction, mass defect and energy released in the formation of argon atom ⁴⁰Ar.   Isotopic mass of Ar = 39.96238 a.m.u.

¹⁸

19. Discuss the shell model of nucleus on the basis of closed shells of magic number.
20. Describe the working of G.M.counter.
21. Differentiate between atom bomb and hydrogen bomb.
22. Discuss the atomic power projects in India.

 

PART – C

Answer any  FOUR  questions.                                                                          (4 x 10 = 40 marks)

 

23. (a) Explain the preparation of            (i) TiCl₃           (ii)  K₂Cr₂O₇

(b)  Explain the biological importance of any two transition  elements.

 

24. (a) Describe how lanthanides are separated  by ion-exchange chromatography.

(b)  How is neptunium synthesized?   Give its uses.

 

25. (a) Explain the postulates of VB theory of coordination compounds.

(b)  Give possible isomers of  [CO(NH₃)₂(H₂O)₂Cl₂]⁺.

 

26. (a) Discuss any three evidences to support crystal field theory.

(b)  Calculate the CFSE for octahedral high and low spin for d⁴, d⁷ configuration.

 

27. (a) Explain radioactive displacement law.

(b)  Describe the functioning of scintillation counter.

 

28. Explain the construction, working and applications of a nuclear reactor.

 

 

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – CHEMISTRY

FIFTH SEMESTER – APRIL 2012

CH 5506 – TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

 

 

 

Date : 27-04-2012              Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

 

PART – A

Answer ALL questions:                                                                                         (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

 

1. Explain why the molar volumes of transition elements are much lower than those of

s block elements of the neighbouring  groups.

2. Give the uses of ferro-vanadium alloy.
3. What are lanthanides?
4. Name any two minerals of actinides.
5. What is co-ordination number? Give an example.
6. What is chelate effect?
7. Define radioactivity.
8. What are pi-mesons and K-mesons?
9. What are radiopharmaceuticals? Give an example.
10. Define critical mass.

PART – B

Answer any EIGHT questions:                                                                           (8 x 5 = 40 marks)

 

11. Explain why most of the transition metals form coloured compounds.
12. How is titanium extracted from its ores?
13. What is lanthanide contraction? Explain any one consequence of it.
14. Explain the isolation of uranium.
15. Explain spectrochemical series. Mention the significance of the series.
16. What are ligands? Explain with an example.
17. Discuss Optical isomerism in coordination complexes with two examples.
18. A freshly cut piece of wood gives 16100 counts of β-ray emission per minute per kg and an

old wooden bowl gives 13200 counts per minute per kg.   Calculate the age of the wooden

bowl. The half-life period of ¹⁴C is 5568 years.

19. Describe the functioning of scintillation counter.
20. Explain the significance of ratio with examples.
21. Explain hydrogen bomb.

 

22. Discuss ‘neutron activation analysis’.

 

PART – C

 

Answer any FOUR questions:                                                                             (4 x 10 = 40 marks)

 

23. (a) Discuss the toxic effects of cadmium.

(b)  Explain the preparation of  K₂Cr₂O₇.

 

24. (a) Explain the electronic spectra of lanthanide compounds.

(b)  How is neptunium synthesized?   Give its uses.

 

25. (a) Explain the postulates of VB theory of coordination compounds.

(b)  Discuss the geometrical isomerism exhibited by coordination compounds with two

examples.

 

26. (a) Discuss any three evidences to support crystal field theory.

(b)  Calculate the CFSE for octahedral high and low spin for d⁴, d⁷ configuration.

 

27. (a) Explain radioactive displacement law.

(b)  Discuss the liquid drop model of the structure of nucleus.

 

28. (a) Discuss the atomic power projects in India.

(b)  Explain the construction and working of a nuclear reactor.

 

 

 

 

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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – CHEMISTRY

FIFTH SEMESTER – NOVEMBER 2012

CH 5506 – TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

 

 

 

Date : 03/11/2012             Dept. No.                                        Max. : 100 Marks

Time : 9:00 – 12:00

 

PART – A

 

Answer ALL questions.                                                                                              (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

 

1. How is (CH₃)₂ Hg prepared? Mention one of its uses.
2. Inspite of its high negative electrode potential, chromium is not a reducing agent. Why?
3. Orbital contributions to magnetic moments of lanthanide ions are significant. Why?
4. f-f transitions are used for fingerprinting of Ln (III) ions. Account.
5. Write down the systematic name for each of the following complexes.
6. a) K[Cr(oxal)₂(H₂O)₂] .3H₂O b) [NiCl(en)₂(NH₃)]Cl
7. Draw the geometrical and isomers of [RhCl₂(en)₂]⁺.
8. What is K-electron capture?
9. What are leptons and hardons?
10. What is critical mass with respect to nuclear fission?
11. Why ²³⁸ U is not suitable for nuclear fission reaction?

 

PART – B

 

Answer any EIGHT questions.                                                                                      (8 x 5 = 40 marks)

 

11. How is potassium dichromate prepared?
12. Discuss the various oxidations states exhibited by titanium. Which is the most stable oxidation state?
13. How are lanthanides separated by on exchange method?
14. What is lanthanide contraction? What are its consequences?
15. Using VB theory explain the geometry and magnetism of [CoF₆]^3–and [Co(CN)₆]^3– .
16. What is EAN rule ? Which of these complexes obey EAN rule? i.[Zn(NH₃)₄]²⁺ ii. [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺.
17. How are d-orbitals split, when a transition metal ion is placed in an octahedral field?
18. The half life of ²²⁰Rn is 54.5 s. What mass of this nucleus is equivalent to 1 millicurie?
19. What is binding energy? How is related to the stability of nuclei?
20. Write a note on shell model of the nucleus.
21. What type of materials can be used as moderators and coolants in a nuclear reactor? Explain.
22. How is radioactive dating carried out using carbon-14?

PART – C

Answer any FOUR questions:                                                                                     (4 x 10 = 40 marks)

 

23. How does tungsten occur in nature? How is the metal extracted?
24. Write a note on occurrence, isolation and uses of uranium.
25. Define crystal field stabilization energy. Calculate its value for the following systems and explain.
26. d⁵ low spin octahedral ii.d⁵ high spin octahedral.
27. What are the basic postulates of valence bond theory of coordination compounds. What are its

limitations?

27. Explain the functioning of Geiger counter and scintillation counter.
28. a. Explain the principle and application of neutron activation analysis. (5)
29. Write a brief note on nuclear reactors in India.                                                                       (5)

 

 

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