JATIPHALA
Jatiphala consists of the endosperm of dried seeds (kernels of fruits) of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Fam. Myristicacem), dioecious or occasionally monoecious aromatic tree, about 10-20 m high, found mostly in Tamil Nadu and to some extent in Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Assam.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Jatisasya, Jatiphala
Assamese : Jaiphal, Kanivish
Bengali : Jaiphala, Jaitri
English : Nutmeg
Gujrati : Jaiphala, Jayfar
Hindi : Jaiphal
Kannada : Jadikai, Jaykai, Jaidikai
Kashmiri : Jafal
Malayalam : Jatika
Marathi : Jaiphal
Oriya : Jaiphal
Punjabi : Jaiphal
Tamil : Sathikkai, Jathikkai, Jatikkai, Jadhikai, Jadhikkai
Telugu : Jajikaya
Urdu : Jauzbuwa, Jaiphal
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Seed ellipsoid, 20-30 mm long and about 20 mm broad, externally greenishbrown sometimes marked with small irregular dark brown patches or minute dark points and lines slightly furrowed reticulately, a small light-coloured area at one end indicating the position of the radicle a groove running along the line of raphe to the darker chalaza at the opposite end, surrounded by a thin layer of peri sperm with infoldings appearing as dark ruminations in the abundant greyish-brown endosperm, embryo, in an irregular cavity, small with two widely spreading crumpled cotyledons and a small radicle odour, strong and aromatic, taste, pungent and aromatic.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of endosperm shows peripheral perisperm, of several layers of strongly, flattened polyhederal cells with brown contents, or containing prismatic crystals, inner layer of perisperm of thin-walled parenchyma about 40 n thick, infolding into the tissue of the endosperm to form the ruminations containing numerous, very largeoil cells with brown cell walls, vascular strands, in the peripheral region, numerous small spiral vessels, large celled, endosperm, parenchymatous With occasional tannin idioblasts with thin brown walls, containing numerous simple, rounded and compound starch grains, with upto about 10 components usually 2-8 individual grains, upto 20 n in diameter present, most of the cells with crystalline fat and often a large aleurone grain in each cell, containing a rhombic protein crystal upto 12 n and small aleurone grains with less regular crystalloids, embryo, of shrivelled and collapsed parenchyma.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 3 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 0.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 11 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 7 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
Ether soluble extractive Not less than 25 per cent, Appendix 2.2.8
Volatile oil Not less than 5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.10
CONSTITUENTS – Essential oil and fixed oil.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu, Tikta
Guna : Laghu, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Dipana, Grahi, Vrsya, Mukhakledanasaka, Mukhadaurgandhyanasaka, Kaphavatapana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Jatiphaladi Curna
THERAPEUTIC USES – Atisara, Svasa, Chardi, Kasa, Pinasa, Grahani, Mukharoga, Sukrameha
DOSE – 0.5 – 1.0 g of the drug in powder form.
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