YAVASAKA (Whole Plant)
Yavasaka consists of dried whole plant of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Bieb). Desv. (Fam. Fabacem); a small thorny shrub, mostly found in arid and dry regions of Gujarat, Punjab, Utter Pradesh and Rajasthan.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Yavasa, Yasa, Yavasaka
Assamese : Bhatuashak
Bengali : —
English : Persian Manna Plant
Gujrati : Javaso
Hindi : Javasa
Kannada : Turuchana gida, Javasa, Neladangara, ballidurabi, Duralabha
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Venkatithura, Valiya Kotithuva
Marathi : Dhamasa
Oriya : —
Punjabi : —
Tamil : Punaikanjuri, Kanchori
Telugu : Chinnadoolagondi, Dhanvayasamu
Urdu : Turanjabeen
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Root – Well developed, 20-30 cm long and 0.2-1 cm thick; gradually tapering, secondary and tertiary root absent; dark brown; fracture, short.
b) Microscopic
Stem – Cylindrical, glabrous, slightly rough at basal region with slender; hard, sharp axillary spines upto 3.8 cm long; branched, terete, striate, glabrous, nearly 0.1-1 cm thick; yellowish-green to yellowish-brown.
Leaf – Simple, alternate, oblong, mucronate obtuse, drooping, opposite, extipulate, 0.5-1 cm long, 0.5-0.7 cm broad. elliptical, smooth or puberulous with very short petiole, stipules green; no taste and odour.
Root -Shows 6-10 layers of tangentially elongated, radially arranged cork cells; cork cambium single layered, filled with reddish-brown contents; secondary cortex almost absent; phloem composed of sieve elements, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres; some phloem parenchyma cells filled with tannin; xylem consists of vessels, tracheids, fibres parenchyma and xylem rays; vessels mostly solitary with simple pits; tracheids and fibres thick-walled, ascptate with bluntly pointed ends; medullary rays 1-4 cells wide, 3-45 cells long; pith composed of a few thin-walled, angular, parenchymatous cells; starch grains simple, rounded to oval, 5.5-14.75 n in dia. present throughout the region.
Stem – Shows a single layered epidermis covered externally with thick cuticle; cortex composed of 8-15 layers of oval, tangentially elongated cells, numerous tanniniferous cells found scattered in this region; pericycle present in form of fibre groups; phloem composed of sieve elements, parenchyma and fibres; some parenchyma cells filled with tannin; xylem consists of vessels, tracheids, xylem fibres, xylem parenchyma and xylem rays; vessels solitary or in groups of 2-3 with simple pits; tracheids and fibres, a few with thick wall and simple pits; medullary rays 2-3 cells wide pith composed of rounded, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells, some cells filled with tannin.
Leaf–
Petiole – appears circular in outline; shows single layered epidermis covered externally with cuticle; hypodermis 2-3 layered, filled with tannin, ‘D” shaped collateral vascular bundle present in central region; rest of tissue between vasculr bundle and hypodermis composed of thin-walled, parenchymtous cells some of which are filled with tannin.
Midrib – appears biconvex in outline; epidermis single layered, covered externally with thick cuticle; hypodermis 1-2 layered, filled with tannin; pericycle present in the form of fibres strands; vascular bundle collateral; xylem situated above phlome, rest of tissue between vascular bundle and pericyclic strand is parenchymatous.
Lamina – epidermis consisting of single layered cells, covered with cuticle; paracytic stomata present on both surfaces hypodermis single layered filler vith tannin; mesophyll not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma, consisting of thin-walled oval to polygonal cells having chlorophyll; rounded to elongated tanniniferous cells found scattered in mesophyll.
Powder – Greenish-brown; shows fragments of epidermal cells consisting of rectangular to polygonal, elongated, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells with paracytic stomata, pitted vessels, fibres, tanniniferous cells, simple, round and oval starch grains measuring 5.5- 14.75 n in diameter.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 13.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 2.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 10 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
CONSTITUENTS – Sugars (Melizitose, Sucrose, Invert Sugars).
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Laghu, Sara
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Balakrt, Dipana, Kaphahara, Pittahara
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Chinnodbhavadi Kvatha Curna, Gandharvahastadi Kvatha Curna, Bharangyadi Kvatha Curna, Arimedadi Taila.
THERAPEUTIC USES – Chardi, Jvara, Kasa, Raktapitta, Trsna, Vatarakta, Visarpa
DOSE – 20 – 50 g. of the drug in powder form for decoction.
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