SAKA (Heart Wood)
Saka consists of dried heart wood of Tectona grandis Linn. f. (Fam Verbenacem); a large deciduous tree found in peninsular region and Madhya Pradesh extending to parts of Rajasthan, Southern Uttar Pradesh and Orissa, and also in plantations.
SYNONYMS
Sansk. : Bhumisaha, Dwaradaru, Kharacchada
Assam. : Chingjagu Sagun
Beng. : Segunagachh
Eng. : Indian Teak
Guj. : Sagwan, Sag, Saga
Hindi. : Sagwan, Sagauna, Sagu
Kan. : Tegu, Sagawani, Thega
Kash. : —
Mal. : Thekku
Mar. : Sagwan
Ori. : Saguana, Sagan, Sagun
Punj. : Sagwan
Tam. : Tekku
Tel. : Teku, Pedda
Urdu. : Sagwan
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Drug available in pieces of varying length and thickness, moderately hard, ring porous, texture, coarse, light brown to golden brown in colour; odour, characteristic.
b) Microscopic
Heart wood shows well developed xylem, consisting of vessels, parenchyma, fibres and medullary rays; vessels solitary or 2-4 in groups, arranged in radial rows, a few having tyloses; medullary rays multiseriate, thin-walled, oval to elongated, 2-4 celled wide.
Powder – Light brown; shows simple pitted vessels, a few with tyloses, aseptate fibres with pointed ends and parenchymatous cells.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign
matter Not more than 1 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.2
Total ash Not more than 2 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.3
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 5 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.4
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 3 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.6
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 1.5 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.7
T.L.C. –
T.L.C. of the alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene: Ethylacetate (9: 1) shows in visible light five spots at Rf. 0.08 (pink), 0.31 (pink), 0.37 (pink) 0.81 (light yellow), and 0.92 (light yellow). Under U.V. (366 nm) five fluorescent zones are visible at Rf. 0.08, 0.31, 0.71, 0.81 and 0.92 (all grey). On exposure to Iodine vapour ten spots appear at Rf. 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, 0.31, 0.37, 0.48, 0.64, 0.71, 0.81 and 0.92 (all yellow). On spraying with Vanillin-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for about ten minutes at 110°C seven spots appear at Rf. 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, 0.31, 0.48, 0.71 and 0.92 (all violet).
CONSTITUENTS – Resin, Essential Oil, Fatty Oil and Tectoquinone.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Kasaya
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kaphahara, Pittahara, Raktaprasadana, Garbhasthairyakara.
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Ayaskrti
THERAPEUTIC USES – Kustha, Raktapitta, Mutraroga, Pandu, Prameha, Medoroga, Daha, Srama, Trsna, Krmiroga, Garbhasrava, Garbhapatana.
DOSE – 3 – 6 g. of the drug in powder form.
30 – 60 g. of the drug for decoction.
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