JALAPIPPALI (Whole Plant)
Jalapippali consists of the dried whole plant of Phyla nodiflora Greene syn. Lippia nodiflora Mich. (Fam. Verbenacem) a small creeping perennial herb found commonly in sandy wet, grassy places along bunds of irrigation channels, canal edges and river banks
almost throughout greater part of India and up to 900 m on the hills.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Jalapippalika, Toyavallari, Saradi, Matsyadani, Matsyagandha
Assamese : —
Bengali : Bukkana, Kaanchadaa
English : Purple Lippia
Gujrati : Rataveliyo
Hindi : Jalpipali, Panisigaa, Bhuiokaraa
Kannada : Nelahippali
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Nirtippali, Podutalai (Siddha)
Marathi : Jalpippali, Ratavel
Oriya : —
Punjabi : —
Tamil : Potuttali
Telugu : Bokkena
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Root – Fibrous, branched, brown in colour, 2 to 10 cm in length and 1.0 to 1.5 mm in diam., nodal roots are smaller, 0.5 to 1.0 cm in length and unbranched.
Stem – Much branched, sub quadrangular, 1 to 2 mm in diam., rooting at nodes, more or less clothed with appressed, two armed, white hairs when seen under 10x, brownishgreen, length of internode 5.0 to 9.0 cm.
Leaf – Opposite, sub-sessile, 1.5 to 3.7 cm long and 1 to 2 cm broad, spathulate, cuneate at the base, deeply and sharply serrate in the upper part, appressed by two armed, white minute hairs on both sides.
Flower – Sessile, densely packed in long pedunculate axillary spikes, mature ones 1.0 to 2.0 cm long and 0.4 to 0.5 cm broad, flowering densely becoming oblong during fruiting; peduncles 2.5 to 7.5 cm long, bracts about 2.5 mm long, broadly elliptic or obovate, cuneate at base, mucronate, glabrous; calyx 2.0 mm long, membranous, bilobed, compressed, mitre-shaped, pubescent underneath with ordinary trichomes closely covering the fruit, the acuminate lobes projecting beyond it; corolla 2.5 to 3.0 mm long, white or light pink, bilipped, upper lip erect and bifid, lower lip 3 lobed of which the middle lobe largest, falling off as a calyptra when fruits ripens; stamens 4, didynamous, anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, dorsifixed; ovary superior, bicarpellary, ovules in each cell solitary; style short, stigma oblique, subcapitate.
Fruit – Small, 1.5 to 2.0 mm long, globose, oblong, spliting into two, 1-seeded planoconvex pyrenes; seeds exalbuminous about 1 mm in size.
b) Microscopic
Root – T.S. shows slightly wavy outline composed of a single layered epiblema; cortex 6 to 9 cells deep, most of the outer cortical cells in the nodal roots contain chloroplast; some of the cortical cells towards the inner side are thick walled; phloem cells are irregularly thick walled consisting of sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma; xylem composed of vessels, tracheids, parenchyma and fibers; vessels are variable in size, range in diameter from 16 to 65 n; medullary rays about 2 or 3 cells in width, cells are pitted; pith absent.
Stem – T.S. shows a nearly quadrant outline with ridges and deep furrows, striated cuticle, a single layer of epidermis with cells longer than broad; surface possesses unicellular trichomes with two unequal arms which usually gets detached; cortex is about 7 cells deep in the furrows, mainly chlorenchyma while those of ridges are of collenchyma; a few cells contain amorphous inclusions and many inner cells contain chloroplast; endodermis observed; pericycle 2 or 3 layers of cells, thick walled; phloem compressed and 5 or 6 cells deep; xylem a continuous ring, broader at the troughs. Pith large, composed of thin walled parenchymatous cells; central cells usually degenerated, but several others may occasionally contain a few chloroplasts.
Leaf – Isobilateral, epidermis single layered followed by a layer of palisade cells; occasionally, a layer palisade also occurs adjacent to the lower epidermis; in surface view, the epidermal cells have straight walls; stomata diacytic, present on both lower and upper surface, but more in number on lower surface, covering and glandular trichomes occur on both the surfaces; unicellular, 2 unequally armed warty trichomes, with pointed tips are frequent on both the surfaces; midrib vascular bundle possesses xylem on dorsal side and phloem on ventral side; stomatal index of upper and lower surface 11 to 18 and 18 to 30 respectively; the palisade ratio of upper surface 6 to 11 and that of lower 8 to 13.
Powder: Greenish-brown, fibrous, free flowing, characterized by the presence of glandular hairs, 2 armed trichomes which are usually attached to a epidermal cell from the slightly protruded stalk present in the middle, trichomes warty, leaf epidermis characterized by the presence of circular trichome scars, vessels and palisade cells.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 27 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 4 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 12 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of methanol extract on silica gel ‘G’ plate using Chloroform : Methanol (95:05) shows five spots at Rf 0.21, 0.26, 0.34, 0.40 and 0.79 on spraying with Vanillin- Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for 15 minutes at 110oC.
CONSTITUENTS – Flavonoids namely nodiflorin A and nodiflorin B, nodifloretin, lippiflorins A and B.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Ruksa, Tiksna
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Dipani, Hrdya, Kaphahara, Pittahara, Rucya, Visaghna., Mutral, Jvaraghna, Sukarala, Mukhasodhani, Caksusya, Sangrahi
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Akika, Pisti, Akika Bhasma
THERAPEUTIC USES – Svasa, Daha, Jvara, Krmi, Raktadosa, Trsa, Visarpa, Vrana, Raktaroga, Bhrama, Murcha, Pittatisara
DOSE – 2 to 3 g powder, 1/2 to 2 ml juice.
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