NANDI (Root)
Nandi consists of dried root of Ficus arnottiana Miq. (Fam. Moracem), a glabrous tree or shrub without mrial roots, found throughout India in rocky hills up to 1350 m altitude.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Parsvapippala, Prarohi, Gardhabhanda, Gajapadapa, Sthalidruma,
Nandivrksa
Assamese : —
Bengali : Kamru
English : —
Gujrati : Naandrukheevad
Hindi : Beliya Peepal
Kannada : Kadarasu, Kallarase
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Kallarayal
Marathi : Nandee vruksh, Naandruk
Oriya : Plokhyo
Punjabi : —
Tamil : Kagoli, Kodiarasu, Kallarasu
Telugu : Kallaravi, Kondaravi
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Drug available in cut pieces with or without bark of varying size, 0.5 to 2.0 cm in thickness; external surface brownish in colour and slightly rough due to exfoliation of cork, cut surface, yellowish-brown in colour; fracture, fibrous; odour and taste not characteristic.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of root shows thick cuticle, single layered epidermis, cells rectangular followed by 3 or 4 layers of cork cells; cork cambium 2 to 4 layered; secondary cortex wide consisting of rectangular to polygonal thin walled pitted cells, some filled with reddish-brown substance; circular to elongated, lignified, elliptical stone cells, a few showing concentric striations present in this region; a few prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate and abundant round to oval starch grains upto about 12 n in dia. present in cortical cells; endodermis and pericycle not distinct; secondary phloem shows a wide zone consisting of sieve tubes, companion cells, fibres and ray cells; phloem parenchyma contains prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate and round to oval starch grains, laticiferous cells also present in this region; fibres non-lignified, thick walled with narrow lumen; secondary xylem elements thick walled and lignified; vessels and tracheids show bordered pits; medullary rays uni to multiseriate, wide towards peripheral region.
Powder : Light brown; under microscope shows groups of parenchyma; simple, round to oval starch grains, measuring upto 12 n in dia. and crystals, fragments of fibres, circular to elongated, elliptical stone cells, a few laticiferous cells and border pitted vessels and tracheids.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 0.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 4 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 8 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract of the drug on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene : Chloroform (8:12 v/v) as mobile phase shows on exposure to Iodine vapour four spots at Rf. 0.25, 0.37, 0.75 and 0.89 (all yellow). On spraying with Anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for ten minutes at 105o C. The same four spots appear violet at Rf. 0.25, 0.37, 0.75 and 0.89.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Laghu
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Grahi, Kaphahara, Medohara, Pittahara, Bhagnasandhana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Nyagrodhadi Kvatha Curna
THERAPEUTIC USES – Bhagna, Daha, Kaphavikara, Raktapitta, Raktavikara, Visavikara, Vrana, Yonidosa
DOSE – 10 – 20 g powder.
30 – 50 g decoction.
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