Akbar the Great in Indian History:
- Father – Humayun
- Mother – Hamida Bhanu Begum
- Step mother – Magam Anaga
- Guardian – Bairam Khan
- First Guardian – Munim Khan
- Akbar Akbar was born at Amarkot in Sindh in 23 Nov. 1542.
- He came to the throne on February 14, 1556 at the age of 14 at Kalanur.
- Hemu the Hindu Prime Minister of Muhammed Adilshah of Bihar occupied Agra and accepted the title Maharaja Vikramaditya.
- Akbar killed Hemu in the Second Battle of Paniput in 1556 November 2.
- Akbar became an independent ruler at the age of 18 in 1560, after dismissing Bairamkhan.
- Later he married Bairam Khans widow Salima Begum.
- In 1561 he defeated the musician Sulthan of Malwa – Baz Bahadur.
- In 1562 Akbar married Joda Bhai, the daughter of Raja Bharmal of Amber
- In 1564, he abolished the religious tax Jaziya. Jaziya was impossed for the first time by Firozshah Tughlaq.
- In 1572 he captured Gujarat and in memory of that he built a new capital city Fathepur sikri (city of Victory) near Agra.
- The early name of Fathepur Sikri was city of Sikri.
- Buland Darwaza is the gate way of Fathepur Sikri, built by Akbar.
- In 1575 Akbar constructed a prayer house in Fathepur Sikri known as Ibadatkhana.
- In 1579 he issued the Infallibility Decree by which he made himself the supreme head in religious matters.
- In 1580 the first Jesuit missionaries arrived at the court of Akbar.
- In 1585 Ralph Fitch the first English man to reach India, reached Akbar’s court.
- Ralph Fitch is known as pioneer English man or torch bearer Englishman.
- In 1582 Akbar founded a new religion for universal peace and monotheism known as ‘Din Ilahi’ means Divine Faith.
- In 1583 he started a new Calendar called Ilahi Calendar.
- In 1576 Akbar defeated Maharana Pratap of Mewar in the battle of Haldighat. Haldighat is a mountain pass in the Aravally hills in Rajasthan.
- The Portuguese introduced tobacco for the first time in India in the court of Akbar in 1604.
- Akbar was the Mughal Emperor when the English East India Company was being founded in 1600 December 31.
- Akbar died in 1605.
- His tomb is situated at Sikhandra near Agra.
- Akbar was an illiterate person, but he was a patron of men of eminence. He maintained a Scholastic Assembly in his court. They included the following personalities.
- Abul Fazal : Akbar’s court historian who wrote Akbar’s biographical works Ain-i-Akbari and Akbar Namah.
- Abul Faizi : Persian poet and brother of Abul Fazal. He translated Mahabharata into Persian in name ‘Razam Namah’ and Bhaskaracharya’s mathematical work Leelavati into Persian.
- Mian Tansen : His original name was Ram Thanu Pande. He was the court Musician of Akbar. He composed a Raga, Rajdarbari in honour of Akbar.
- Birbal : His real name was Mahesh Das. He is the court jester of Akbar
- Raja Todarmal : RajaTodarmal was Akbar’s finance or revenue minister. He formulated Akbar’s revenue system Zabti and Dashala systems. Raja Todermal also translated Bhagavatapurana into Persian.
- Maharaja Mansing : Akbar’s military commander
- Badauni : a historian who translated Ramayana into Persian – Tarjuma -1-Ramayan
- Tulasidas : Hindi poet who wrote Ramacharitamanas.
- Akbar’s military system was known as Mansabdari system, which included Ranks from 10 – 7000
- Akbar was also responsible for the introduction Persian as the official language of Mughals.
- He divided the Mughal Empire into 12 Subahs (provinces) for the administrative conveniences.
- Akbar was also the first ruler to organise Hajj. Pilgrimage at the government expense. The Port Cambay in Gujarat is known as the ‘Gate way to Mecca from Mughal India’.
- Akbar was an accomplished Sitar player.
- Mughal – Rajput friendly relation began during the period of Akbar.
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