GATE-2023
AG: Agricultural Engineering
GA-General Aptitude
Q.1 – Q.5 Carry ONE mark each.
1. “You are delaying the completion of the task. Send _______ contributions at the earliest.”
(A) you are
(B) your
(C) you’re
(D) yore
2. References : ______ : : Guidelines : Implement
(By word meaning)
(A) Sight
(B) Site
(C) Cite
(D) Plagiarise
3. In the given figure, PQRS is a parallelogram with PS = 7 cm, PT = 4 cm and PV = 5 cm. What is the length of RS in cm? (The diagram is representative.)
(A) 20/7
(B) 28/5
(C) 9/2
(D) 35/4
4. In 2022, June Huh was awarded the Fields medal, which is the highest prize in Mathematics.
When he was younger, he was also a poet. He did not win any medals in the International Mathematics Olympiads. He dropped out of college.
Based only on the above information, which one of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty?
(A) Every Fields medalist has won a medal in an International Mathematics Olympiad.
(B) Everyone who has dropped out of college has won the Fields medal.
(C) All Fields medalists are part-time poets.
(D) Some Fields medalists have dropped out of college.
5. A line of symmetry is defined as a line that divides a figure into two parts in a way such that each part is a mirror image of the other part about that line.
The given figure consists of 16 unit squares arranged as shown. In addition to the three black squares, what is the minimum number of squares that must be coloured black, such that both PQ and MN form lines of symmetry? (The figure is representative)
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6
Q.6 – Q.10 Carry TWO marks Each
6. Human beings are one among many creatures that inhabit an imagined world. In this imagined world, some creatures are cruel. If in this imagined world, it is given that the statement “Some human beings are not cruel creatures” is FALSE, then which of the following set of statement(s) can be logically inferred with certainty?
(i) All human beings are cruel creatures.
(ii) Some human beings are cruel creatures.
(iii) Some creatures that are cruel are human beings.
(iv) No human beings are cruel creatures.
(A) only (i)
(B) only (iii) and (iv)
(C) only (i) and (ii)
(D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
7. To construct a wall, sand and cement are mixed in the ratio of 3:1. The cost of sand and that of cement are in the ratio of 1:2.
If the total cost of sand and cement to construct the wall is 1000 rupees, then what is the cost (in rupees) of cement used?
(A) 400
(B) 600
(C) 800
(D) 200
8. The World Bank has declared that it does not plan to offer new financing to Sri Lanka, which is battling its worst economic crisis in decades, until the country has an adequate macroeconomic policy framework in place. In a statement, the World Bank said Sri Lanka needed to adopt structural reforms that focus on economic stabilisation and tackle the root causes of its crisis. The latter has starved it of foreign exchange and led to shortages of food, fuel, and medicines. The bank is repurposing resources under existing loans to help alleviate shortages of essential items such as medicine, cooking gas, fertiliser, meals for children, and cash for vulnerable households.
Based only on the above passage, which one of the following statements can be inferred with certainty?
(A) According to the World Bank, the root cause of Sri Lanka’s economic crisis is that it does not have enough foreign exchange.
(B) The World Bank has stated that it will advise the Sri Lankan government about how to tackle the root causes of its economic crisis.
(C) According to the World Bank, Sri Lanka does not yet have an adequate macroeconomic policy framework.
(D) The World Bank has stated that it will provide Sri Lanka with additional funds for essentials such as food, fuel, and medicines.
9. The coefficient of x4 in the polynomial (x – 1)3 (x – 2)3 is equal to _______.
(A) 33
(B) −3
(C) 30
(D) 21
10. Which one of the following shapes can be used to tile (completely cover by repeating) a flat plane, extending to infinity in all directions, without leaving any empty spaces in between them? The copies of the shape used to tile are identical and are not allowed to overlap.
(A) circle
(B) regular octagon
(C) regular pentagon
(D) rhombus
AG: Agricultural Engineering
Q.11 – Q.35 Carry ONE mark Each
11. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that |B|=−1, |B|=3, then |3AB| equals
(A) -81
(B) -27
(C) -9
(D) 81
12. is equal to
(A) 0
(B) 1/2
(C) 1
(D) 2
13. The value of is
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
14. y = aemx + be−mx is the solution of the differential equation
15. In rotary tiller, the total energy requirement for carrying out tillage will decrease if
(A) the bite length is increased
(B) the bite length is decreased
(C) the cone index of soil is higher
(D) forward speed of the machine is reduced
16. The effectiveness of the turbocharger of a diesel engine increases when
(A) the ambient temperature increases
(B) the pressure ratio across the compressor decreases
(C) the load on the engine increases
(D) the displacement volume of the engine decreases
17. In a thresher, the cylinder separation efficiency can be improved by increasing
(A) cylinder diameter
(B) cylinder speed
(C) cylinder-concave clearance
(D) feed rate
18. In a 4-stroke single cylinder diesel engine, the inlet valve opens at 10⁰ before TDC and closes at 40⁰ after BDC. The exhaust valve opens at 25⁰ before BDC and closes at 15⁰ after TDC. The percentage of time for which both the valves remain closed in one cycle of the engine is
(A) 32.29
(B) 40.97
(C) 46.53
(D) 75.01
19. The torque available at maximum power developed by the tractor is 150 N m. If the reserve torque is 20%, the peak torque that can be developed by the tractor in N m is
(A) 100
(B) 120
(C) 180
(D) 210
20. The statement which is not correct for the porous medium is
(A) Seepage velocity is always greater than the Darcy’s velocity
(B) Darcy’s velocity is not exclusively controlled by soil porosity
(C) Seepage velocity increases with increasing surface ponding of water
(D) Darcy’s velocity in unsaturated soil is always greater than that in saturated soil
21. A sprinkler irrigation system has been designed for a crop with the water application rate of 1.17 cm h−1 and sprinkler discharge of 1.3 L s−1. The coefficient of discharge and uniformity coefficient are 0.9 and 0.8, respectively. If the sprinkler spacing along the lateral is 20 m, the lateral spacing in m is
(A) 14.4
(B) 16.0
(C) 18.0
(D) 20.0
22. The average discharge, operating pressure and emitter constant of a drip emitter are 4 L h−1, 110 kPa and 0.3, respectively. The type of emitter is
(A) orifice
(B) long path
(C) pressure compensating
(D) disc
23. If the departure and latitude of a line are 70 m and −130 m, respectively, then the whole circle bearing of the line in degrees is
(A) 28
(B) 62
(C) 152
(D) 208
24. Match the Columns:
(A) 1 – c, 2 – b, 3 – a, 4 – e, 5 – d
(B) 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – e, 5 – b
(C) 1 – d, 2 – c, 3 – e, 4 – a, 5 – b
(D) 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – b, 5 – e
25. The information needed for estimating the design flood using Rational formula is
(A) cumulative infiltration
(B) antecedent moisture condition of soil
(C) shape factor of the catchment
(D) time of concentration of the catchment
26. The microbial death kinetics for a food suspension follows the equation:
where No= initial microbial load, N = microbial load after time t, tl = lag time and D = decimal reduction time.
The correct statement for this equation is
(A) the time required to reduce 10% of the initial population is lag time.
(B) the time required to reduce the initial 90% of population is lag time
(C) time required to kill the first 90% population is lower than D value at the same temperature
(D) lag time approaches D value as N0 becomes smaller and temperature decreases.
27. If the diameter of fat globule in a cream separator is reduced to half and the rotational speed of the centrifuge increased to three times, the terminal settling velocity of fat globule is
(A) decreased to 0.44 times
(B) increased to 0.44 times
(C) decreased to 2.25 times
(D) increased to 2.25 times
28. The log mean temperature difference (LMTD) correction factor is not required during heat transfer rate calculation in
(A) plate heat exchanger
(B) 1 shell pass and 1 tube pass heat exchanger
(C) 1 shell pass and 2 tube pass heat exchanger
(D) 2 shell pass and 4 tube pass heat exchanger
29. Identify the dimensionless parameter(s) from the following:
(A) Cone index
(B) Puddling index
(C) Performance index
(D) Reel index
30. The probability that a storm event with a return period of 20 years will occur once in 5-year period is __________(rounded off to 2 decimal places).
31. Considering declining balance method, the constant rate of depreciation at which the value of the tractor will come down to 50% of its purchase price at the end of 4th year in per cent is _________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
32. A trapezoidal grassed waterway with side slope (H:V) of 1:1 carries a design discharge of 1 m3 s−1. The bed slope and Manning’s roughness coefficient of this channel are 1% and 0.04, respectively. The design depth of the best hydraulic trapezoidal grassed waterway section in m is ________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
33. The minimum fluidization height of 1.20 m is maintained during fluidized bed drying of carrots. The bed diameter of the fluidized bed dryer is 0.6 m. If mass and solid density of carrots are 250 kg and 1040 kg m−3, respectively, then the porosity of the bed at the minimum fluidization condition is ____________ (rounded off to 3 decimal places, Consider π = 3.14).
34. The lighter liquid layer and the interphase layer in a basket centrifuge, rotating at a speed of 1000 rpm, are 0.1025 m and 0.105 m away from the center, respectively. Considering the densities of lighter and heavier liquids as 920 kg m−3 and 1015 kg m−3, the differential pressure in horizontal direction required to maintain the interphase layer in kPa is ___________ (rounded off to 3 decimal places, Consider π = 3.14).
35. The upstream and downstream pressures in a homogenizer during homogenization of milk are maintained at 250 bar and 10 bar, respectively. If density of milk is 1030 kg m−3, then the velocity at which milk comes out of the homogenizing valve in m s−1 is ___________ (rounded off to 3 decimal places).
Q.36 – Q.65 Carry TWO marks Each
36. If and (A + B)2, then the values of a and b are:
(A) a = 4, b = 1
(B) a = 1, b = 4
(C) a = 0, b = 4
(D) a = 2, b = 4
37. A vector is passing through the origin of a 3-D frame. Considering the tendency of rotation in the counter clockwise direction as positive, the moment about a point A : (3, 4, 8) is
38. A vertical disc plough with 5 discs is operated at a depth of 0.15 m. The disc angle and disc diameter are 40⁰ and 0.6 m, respectively. If overlap between two consecutive discs is 0.12 m at 0.15 m depth of cut, the total width of cut at the specified depth in m is
(A) 1.19
(B) 1.55
(C) 2.11
(D) 2.36
39. In a 9 × 20 cm fluted roller type seed drill, each fluted roller is discharging 4.25 g of seed per revolution of fluted roller shaft. The fluted roller shaft rotates once for two complete rotation of the ground drive wheel of the seed drill. The rolling diameter of the ground drive wheel is 0.35 m. Considering no skid of the ground drive wheel, the seed rate in kg ha−1 is
Consider π = 3.14
(A) 96.62
(B) 141.55
(C) 187.35
(D) 386.42
40. A field sprayer with 12 nozzles fitted to the boom at a spacing of 0.5 m is used for spraying at a height of 0.75 m from the ground. The angle of spraying is 75⁰. If the height of spraying is reduced to 0.6 m, the change in swath in m is
(A) 0.23
(B) 0.48
(C) 0.65
(D) 0.91
41. The ordinates of a 6-hour S-hydrograph of a catchment are given in Table below. The catchment has phi-index of 0.25 cm h−1 and base flow of 10.5 m3 s−1. The peak of the flood hydrograph generated from this catchment due to a storm of 45 mm received during the first 6 h in m3 s−1 is
(A) 259.5
(B) 270.0
(C) 280.5
(D) 349.5
42. It is planned to provide irrigation in a crop field having field capacity and permanent wilting point of the soil as 0.21 cm3 cm−3 and 0.09 cm3 cm−3, respectively. The crop root zone depth is 0.90 m. The growing period of this crop is 1st January to 31st March, during which the observed reference evapotranspiration (ETr), effective rainfall (Pe) and crop coefficients (Kc) are listed below. Considering management allowable deficit (MAD) for this crop as 50%, the average irrigation interval during the growing period in days is
(A) 4
(B) 6
(C) 8
(D) 11
43. The infiltration capacity of a basin is described by the Horton’s equation, I = 2 + e−3t, where I is in cm h−1 and the duration, t is in hours. If the duration of the storm event is 2 hours, the depth of the infiltration in the last 1 hour of the storm event in mm is
(A) 5
(B) 10
(C) 20
(D) 25
44. In a juice filtration process, solid concentration per m3 of filtrate is 0.2 kg. During filtration of 12.49 m3 of juice, 0.02 m thick cake (porosity of 0.32) is deposited. If 2.5 kg of solid is collected in 180 s, the pressure drop across the cake in kPa is
[Absolute viscosity of juice is 2.12 ×10−3 kg m-1 s−1, and specific cake resistance is 1.2 × 108 m kg−1]
(A) 0.18
(B) 1.81
(C) 18.06
(D) 180.60
45. Cheese is packed in a bilayer plastic package made up of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The thickness of LDPE and PET in the package are 1.5 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively. The surface area of the plastic package is 6.25 cm2. The partial pressure difference of oxygen across the package wall is 0.30 atm. The permeability coefficient of oxygen in LDPE and PET are 4.18 × 10−8 cm3 cm cm−2 s−1 atm−1 and 1.67 × 10−10 cm3 cm cm−2 s−1 atm-1, respectively. If the food gets spoiled when it absorbs 0.025 ml of oxygen, then the shelf life of food in days is
(A) 121
(B) 103
(C) 73
(D) 61
46. The rotor shaft of an ice cream freezer consists of 3 scraper blades. The temperature difference between the ice cream mix and the refrigerant during freezing of ice cream is 30 ⁰C. Density and latent heat of fusion of ice are 917 kg m−3 and 335 kJ kg−1, respectively. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 2000 kJ m−2 h−1 °C−1. If the maximum thickness of ice formed before being scraped off is 10 μm, the minimum speed of the scraper shaft in rpm is
(A) 88
(B) 109
(C) 121
(D) 149
47. The percentage absolute humidity of air becomes equal to the percentage relative humidity, when
(A) absolute humidity of air is equal to relative humidity
(B) saturated humidity of air is equal to relative humidity
(C) air is almost or completely dry
(D) air is almost or completely saturated
48. Dimensionless numbers play an important role in correlating transfer coefficients during forced convection. In relation to the dimensionless numbers, the correct statement(s) is/are
(A) Prandtl number in heat transfer is analogous to Schmidt number in mass transfer
(B) Small value of Prandtl number signifies lower thermal diffusion as compared to momentum diffusion
(C) Prandtl number is the ratio of momentum diffusivity to the thermal diffusivity of the fluid
(D) Lewis number is the product of Schmidt number and Prandtl number
49. In a locality ‘A’, the probability of a convective storm event is 0.7 with a density function, The probability of tropical cyclone-induced storm in the same location is given by the density function
The probability of occurring more than 1 unit of storm event is _________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
50. Given that and y = 1, when x = 0. Using Runge-Kutta fourth order method, the value of y at x = 0.2 is ________ (rounded off to 3 decimal places).
51. A power operated chaff cutter with a mean cutting radius of 0.25 m is fitted with two cutting knives and is rotating at 300 rpm. Thirty maize stalks with a mean diameter of 12 mm are fed through the throat at a time. The dynamic shear strength of the stalk is 0.05 N mm−2. The mass and radius of gyration of the flywheel (including knives) are 40 kg and 0.27 m, respectively. The total shaft power requirement in kW is _________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
52. A two-wheel drive tractor with a total weight of 24 kN has a static weight distribution of 30% and 70% at the front and rear axles, respectively. When the tractor is operated on a level ground of pure sand, the maximum tractive force developed is 13 kN. If external weight of 1.5 kN is added to the rear axle, neglecting weight transfer, the change in maximum tractive force in kN is _________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
53. A 4-stroke diesel engine can be operated with either diesel (heating value 45 MJ kg−1) or biodiesel blend, B20 (heating value 42.1 MJ kg−1). The brake specific fuel consumption of the engine when operated with diesel and B20 is 260 g kW−1 h−1 and 310 g kW−1 h−1, respectively. For developing a brake power of 20 kW, the change in brake thermal efficiency of the engine when B20 is used in place of diesel is ________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
54. A solar photovoltaic system is used to generate power from total solar radiations varying from 400 to 750 W m−2. The maximum conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic system is 14%. The open circuit voltage, short circuit current and fill factor of solar cells are 21.6 V, 3.22 A and 0.72, respectively. To generate maximum power, the minimum cell area required in m2 is _________ (rounded off to 3 decimal places).
55. A single disc clutch is used to transmit 10 kW power at 1400 rpm. The axial pressure exerted on the contact surface is 0.07 N mm−2 and the coefficient of friction is 0.25. Considering the ratio of diameter to face width of the clutch lining as 8 and assuming uniform wear theory, the required face width of friction lining in mm is ___________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
56. In a tractor seat system, the chassis frequency and seat suspension damping rate are 20 rad s−1 and 400 N m−1 s, respectively. The critical damping rate of tractor seat system is 1600 N m−1 If the combined mass of the seat and operator is 80 kg, the transmissibility of vibration is _________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
57. Two cylindrical reservoirs ‘A’ and ‘B’ are connected by a 30 m long pipe of 250 mm internal diameter as shown in Figure below. The Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for the pipe is 0.025. Initially the reservoir ‘A’ was full at the indicated level and reservoir ‘B’ was empty. If the entrance and exit losses in this pipe are neglected, the time required to empty the reservoir ‘A’ in hour is _________ (rounded off to 3 decimal places).
Consider π = 3.14 and acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.81 m s−2.
58. A homogenous anisotropic earthen dam of height 52 m with a free board of 2 m is constructed on an impermeable foundation. The horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities of soil used for the construction of the dam are 4.5 × 10−8 m s−1 and 2.0 × 10−8 m s−1, respectively. There are 6 flow channels and 25 equipotential drops in a square flow net drawn in the transformed dam section. If the downstream dam side is dry, the quantity of seepage per unit length through the dam in m3 day−1 m−1 is __________ (rounded off to 3 decimal places).
59. A salt affected crop field is to be leached with irrigation water having salt concentration of 3.5 meq L−1. Salt concentration in the saturation extract of soil is 15.2 meq L−1. Leaching efficiency of the field is 55%. In the month of March, the observed reference evapotranspiration and effective rainfall in this area are 150 mm and 75 mm, respectively. If the average crop coefficient in this month is 1.05, the leaching requirement for the entire month in mm is _________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
60. A 10 m long concrete pipe is required to carry a peak discharge of 1.0 m3 s−1 in a drop inlet spillway with a head of 4 m. The entrance loss coefficient is 0.5 and the friction loss coefficient is 0.02. Consider acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m s−2. The neutral slope of the water level in per cent is _________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
61. Discharge from a centrifugal pump operating at 1000 rpm with a total head of 30 m is 300 L min−1. The pump efficiency is 65%. If speed of the pump is increased to 1200 rpm, the power required to operate the pump in kW is ____________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
Consider acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m s−2.
62. A 0.30 m diameter well penetrates an unconfined aquifer with a saturated depth of 40 m. After 8 hours of pumping at a steady rate of 0.03 m3 s−1, the drawdown in two observation wells located at 20 m and 50 m away from the pumping well are found to be 3 m and 2 m, respectively. The drawdown in the pumping well in m is _________ (rounded off to 1 decimal place, Consider π = 3.14).
63. The apparent wall shear stress in a 0.6 m long pipe line carrying refined oil is 12.5 Pa. If the pressure drop along the length is 300 Pa and flow rate is 0.25 m3 s−1, the absolute viscosity of oil in 10−3 Pa s is ______________ (rounded off to 3 decimal places).
64. The carrot slices (water activity = 0.89) are to be preserved using osmo-dehydration. Addition of salt (NaCl) to 20% sucrose solution (water activity = 0.987) reduces the water activity to 0.85. Percentage of NaCl added to the solution is ______________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
Consider molecular mass of Sucrose = 342 and molecular mass of NaCl = 58.44
65. A copper ball and a steel ball having diameters d1 and d2, respectively, are initially at a uniform temperature of 200⁰C. Both the balls are exposed to the atmosphere at 30⁰C. If both the balls attain a temperature of 120⁰C after equal exposure duration, then the ratio of d1 to d2 is _____________ (rounded off to 3 decimal places).
Assume Biot Number to be less than 0.1. The thermo-physical properties of copper and steel are given below:
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