CANGERI (Whole Plant)
Cangeri consists of dried whole plant of Oxalis corniculata Linn. (Fam. Oxalidaceae); a small annual or perennial, more or less erect herb with creeping or subterranean stem, 6-25 cm high, found throughout warmer parts of the country and also in all tropical and temperate climate, growing upto an elevation of 3000 m in North- West Himalayas.
SYNONYMS
Sansk. : Cangeri, Amlapatrika
Assam. : Chengeritenga
Beng. : Amrul
Eng. : Indian Sorrel
Guj. : Ambolee, Changeri, Teen Panaki, Rukhadi
Hindi. : Tinpatiya, Changeri, Ambilosa
Kan. : Pullamouradi, Sivargee, Purachi Soppu
Mal. : Pulliparel
Mar. : Ambutee, Ambatee, Ambti, Bhui Sarpati
Ori. : —
Punj. : Khatkal, Khattibootee, Khatmittha
Tam. : Puliyarai
Tel. : Pulichinta
Urdu. : Changeri, Teen Patiya
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Root – Dark brownish, thin, about 1-2 mm thick, branched, rough, soft; no odour and taste.
Stem – Creeping, brownish-red, soft, very thin, easily breakable; no odour and taste.
Leaf – Palmately compound, trifoliate; petiole-green, thin, about 3-9 cm long, cylindrical, pubescent; leaflet-green, 1-2 cm long, obcordate, glabrous, sessile or sub sessile, base cuneate; taste, somewhat sour.
Flower -Yellow, axillary, sub-umbellate.
Fruit – Capsules cylindrical, tomentose.
Seed -Tiny, dark brown, numerous, broadly ovoid transversely striate.
b) Microscopic
Root – Shows 3-4 layers of cork, composed of thin-walled rectangular cells, brownish in appearance; cortex, a wide zone, consisting of rectangular and oval, thin-walled parenchymatous cells filled with simple starch grains, yellowish pigment and tannin; inner cortical cells rectangular and polygonal, smaller in size than miter ones; cortex followed by thin strips of phloem consisting of sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma, cambium not distinct; xylem consists of vessels, tracheids, fibres and xylem parenchyma; vessels cylindrical, pitted some with tail-like projection at one end; tracheids pitted with pointed ends; a few starch grains simple, round to oval measuring 3-11μ in dia., present scattered throughout the region.
Stem – Shows single layered epidermis, composed of rectangular to oval cells, some of which are elongated to become unicellular covering trichomes; cortex consists of 4-5 layers of thin-walled, circular and polyhedral parenchymatous cells; endodermis single layered of thin-walled rectangular cells; pericycle composed of two or three layers of squarish and polygonal sclerenchymatous cells; vascular bundles 6-7 in number, arranged in a ring, composed of a few elements of phloem towards outer side and xylem towards inner side; xylem composed of pitted vessels, tracheids, fibres and xylem parenchyma; central region occupied by pith composed of thin-walled, parenchymatous cells, a few simple, round to oval starch grains measuring 3-11 μ in dia, scattered throughout the region.
Leaf –
Petiole – Shows rounded or plano-convex outline consisting of single layered epidermis of rectangular or circular, thin-walled cells; cortex 3-4 layers of thin-walled, circular, oval or polygonal parenchymatous cells, generally filled with green pigment; endodermis single layered followed by 2-3 layers of sclerenchymatous pericycle, less developed towards upper side of petiole; vascular bundles 5 in number, arranged in a ring, consisting of phloem towards outer side and xylem towards inner side; centre occupied by a small pith; a few simple, round to oval starch grains, measuring 3-11 μ in dia., scattered throughout.
Lamina – Shows single layered epidermis on upper and lower surfaces, composed of rectangular cells; covering trichomes unicellular; palisade single layered composed of thin-walled, columnar cells, filled with green pigment; below palisade 2-3 layers of thinwalled, spongy parenchyma consisting of circular to oval cells filled with green pigment; stomata paracytic.
Powder– Greenish-brown; shows fragments of trichomes, parenchymatous, sclerenchymatous cells, fibres, epidermis showing irregular cell walls in surface view; a few simple, rounded to oval starch grains, measuring 3-11 μ in diameter.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 Percent Appendix 2.2.2
Total ash Not more than 20 Percent Appendix 2.2.3
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 10 Percent Appendix 2.2.4
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 5 Percent Appendix 2.2.6
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 13 Percent Appendix 2.2.7
T.L.C. –
T.L.C.of the alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene :Ethylacetate (8 :2) shows under UV (366 nm) one fluorescent zone at Rf. 0.65 (blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour three spots appear at Rf. 0.27, 0.53 and 0.65 (all yellow). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for ten minutes at 110°C three spots appear at Rf. 0.27, 0.53 and 0.65 (all grey).
CONSTITUENTS – Vitamin C, Carotene, Tartaric Acid, Citric Acid and Malic Acid.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Amla, Kasaya
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Amla
Karma : Dipana, Grahi, Kaphahara, Rucikara, Vatahara, Pittakara,Agnivardhaka
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Cangeri Ghrta
THERAPEUTIC USES – Grahani, Arsa, Kustha, Atisara
DOSE – 5-10 ml. (Svarasa).
It is also used externally.
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