DADIMA (Leaf)
Dadima consists of dried leaf of Punica granatum Linn. (Fam. Punicacem), a small deciduous shrub or small tree, found wild in the warm valleys of the outer hills of Himalayas between 900 to 1800 m and also cultivated in many parts of the country.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Lohitapuspa, Dantabija
Assamese : Dalim
Bengali : Dadima, Dalim, Dalimgach
English : Pomenagrate
Gujrati : Dadam, Dadam phala
Hindi : Anar, Anar-ke-per
Kannada : Dalimba, Dalimbe haonu
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Mathalam
Marathi : Dalimba
Oriya : Dalimba
Punjabi : Anar
Tamil : Madulam Pazham
Telugu : Dadimbakaya, Dadimma
Urdu : Anar
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Leaves 2 to 8 cm long, 0.7 to 2.0 cm broad, oblong, lanceolate, acute, entire, glabrous, greyish-green to yellowish-green.
b) Microscopic
Leaf-
Petiole – shows single layered epidermis covered by thin cuticle, epidermis followed by 2 or 3 layered collenchymatous hyodermis; single, bicollateral, crescent-shaped, vascular bundle situated in centre; rest of the tissues between vascular bundle and hypodermis consists of 3 layers or more, oval to polygonal, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells, some having rosette and a few prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate.
Midrib -shows single layered epidermis covered by a thin cuticle, epidermis followed by 2 or 3 layers of round to angular collenchymatous cells; beneath collenchyma 3 or 4 layers of parenchyma present, some containing a few rosette and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, simple and compound starch grains, consisting of 2 or 3 components, round to oval shaped, measuring 5.5 to 8.5 n in dia.; vascular bundle situated centrally, similar to that of petiole.
Lamina -shows epidermis on both surfaces, single layered; palisade single layered; spongy parenchyma 3 or 4 layered; idioblast containing very large solitary crystal of calcium oxalate; a few small solitary calcium oxalate crystals also present in spongy parenchyma; palisade ratio 4 to 6; stomatal index 12 to 25; anomocytic stomata, present only on lower surface.
Powder – Greyish-green; shows spiral vessels, palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, rosette and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate; fragments of upper and lower epidermis with beaded straight walled and sinuous walled respectively in surface view, simple, round to oval, starch grain measuring 5.5 to 8.5 n in dia., and co5mpound starch grains having 2 or 3 components.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 10.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 12 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 25 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract of the drug on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Benzene: Ethylacetate (9: 1) v/v shows in visible light four spots at Rf. 0.06 (light green), 0.48(light green), 0.68 (light green) and 0.79 (green). Under U.V. (366 nm) four fluorescent zones visible at Rf. 0.06, 0.14, 0.54 and 0.94 (all blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour nine spots appear at Rf. 0.02, 0.09, 0.38, 0.62, 0.66, 0.76, 0.87, 0.91 and 0.97 (all yellow). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Phosphomolybdic acid reagent and heating the plate at 105oC for ten minutes nine spots appear at Rf. 0.06, 0.10, 0.33, 0.41, 0.54, 0.62, 0.79, 0.89 and 0.97 (all grey).
CONSTITUENTS – Tannins and β-Sitosterol
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Kasaya, Tikta
Guna : Laghu
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu Karma : Dipana, Kaphahara, Rucya
THERAPEUTIC USES – Aruci, Atisara, Jvara, Kasa, Krmi, Pravahika, Raktapitta, Agnimandya, Mukhapaka
DOSE – Patra Svarasa : 5-10 ml.
Patra Kalka : 5-10 g.
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