DRAVANTI(Seed)
Dravanti is the dried seeds of Jatropha glandulifera Roxb. (Fam. Euphorbiacem), an evergreen shrub with stout branches and a smooth papery bark, found mostly in the black cotton soil of Deccan but also found in plains of northern India.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Brhaddanti, Vyaghrairanda, Putrasreni
Assamese : —
Bengali : —
English : Purging nut
Gujrati : Ratanjota
Hindi : Laal Bagharend, Jangali erandi
Kannada : Erandane danti, Totla
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Katalaavanakku
Marathi : Thoradanti, Mogali eranda
Oriya : —
Punjabi : —
Tamil : Kattamanakku, Adalai
Telugu : Adavi Amadam, Vatti amudamu
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Seeds 6 mm long, 4 mm broad and 2 to 3 mm thick, ellipsoid, oblong, light brown in colour, surface smooth with median sutures on both sides, with a small hard brownish white and minutely lobed caruncle round the micropyle, weight of 100 seeds are 1 to 2 g.
b) Microscopic
Subtrigonous to oval in transverse section; outer epidermis of testa single layered, thick walled, pitted narrow columnar cells with dark brown contents; mesophyll parenchymatous with intercellular spaces and schizogenous latex tubes; the inner epidermis has short palisade of narrow thin walled cells, tegmen 16 to 20 cells thick, the outer layer straight or curving, malphighian cells 2 or 3 with finely pitted yellowish brown walls followed by reddish-brown elongated single celled sclereids; the lower layer consists of large parenchymatous cells 12 to 16 layers deep with the inner cells radially elongated and crushed; inner epidermis not characteristic; endosperm composed of cells filled with starch grains and oil globules, starch grains spherical to oval, 5-20 nm in diameter, simple, hilum circular or indistinct, crescent shaped leucoplast at one side of the grains, lamellm indistinct.
Powder – Powder of seeds creamish-brown, mucilagenous in taste without any odour, shows the presence of parenchymatous patches; cells filled with starch, spherical to oval, 5 to 20 nm in diameter, simple, hilum circular or indistinct; lamellm indistinct; sclereids upto 160 n long and 30 n broad, oil globules, laticifers, vessels, elongated thick walled palisade cell, malphighian cells, and aleurone grains are observed; the powder when treated with 1N HCl on a microscope slide, becomes pink when observed in day light and pinkish red under UV light 254 nm.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 6 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 0.3 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 9 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 7 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
Fatty oil Not less than 9 per cent, Appendix 2.2.15
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of the methanolic extract on precoated silica gel ‘G’ plate (0.2 mm thick) using toluene : ethyl acetate : methanol (80 : 20 : 0.4) on spraying with anisaldehydesulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for ten minutes at 120oC, spots appear at Rf. 0.45, 0.53, 0.84 (all brown) and 0.31 (pink).
CONSTITUENTS – Jatrophin, jatropholone A, fraxetin, coumarino-lignan (I).
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu
Guna : Laghu, Snigdha, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Dipana, Kaphahara, Pittahara, Recaka, Visaghna, Vidabhedana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Misraka Sneha
THERAPEUTIC USES – Anaha, Gulma, Hrdroga, Jvara, Kandu, Prameha, Raktavikara, Sotha, Trsna, Udavarta, Udara, Kusta, Pandu, Ajirna, Sula, Grahaniroga, Garavisa, Bhagandara, Amavata, Paksaghata, Urustambha, Granthi, Parsvsula, Pliharoga, Dustavrana, Dustaapaci
DOSE – 250 – 500 mg after purification.
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