KANKOLA
Kankola consists of mature, dried fruits of Piper cubeba Linn.f. (Fam. Piperacem), woody, climbing, perennial with dioeceous flowers in spike, cultivated to a small extent in India, specially in the Karnataka state, fruits collected when mature but still unripe and carefully dried.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Kankolaka, Cinosana, Cinatiksna, Kakkola, Kankolika
Assamese : Kakkol, Kababcheni
Bengali : Kahabcbini, Sugandhamaricha
English : Cubebs, Tailed Pepper
Gujrati : Chanakabab, Chinikabab
Hindi : Seetalchini, Kababchini
Kannada : Gandhamenasu, Balamenasu
Kashmiri : Kushfal, Kababchini
Malayalam : Cheenamulaku, Takkolam, Valmulaku
Marathi : Kankol
Oriya : Kababchini
Punjabi : Kababchini, Sardchini
Tamil : Vaali milaku, Valmilagu
Telugu : Chalavamiriyalu, Tokamiriyalu
Urdu : Kababchini
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Fruit wrinkled, rounded, 5-7 mm in diameter, light brown to dark brown, about 7 mm long stalk attached, pericarp red to slightly brown, testa fused with pericarp, fruit hard and stony albumen white and oily, odour, aromatic end characteristic, taste, pungent and slightly bitter.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of fruit shows an outer layers of epidermis, externally covered with thick cuticle, a raw of 2-5 small, crushed, brown and thick-walled cells below, mesocarp composed of large, thin-walled parenchymatous cells, oil cells and vascular bundles, endocarp of multi-layered sclereids heavily lignified with narrow lumen, testa and tegmen composed of elongated cells tegmen cells hyaline and kernel cells greyish in colour.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 8 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 14 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 11 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
CONSTITUENTS – Essential oil (cubebin).
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu, Tikta
Guna : Laghu, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Dipana, Kaphavatahara, Pacana, Rucya, Vastisodhana, Mukhadaurgandhyahara
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Dasamularisa, Kumaryasava
THERAPEUTIC USES – Sula, Aruci, Mutrakrcchra, Mukharoga
DOSE – 1-2 g of the drug in powder form.
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