MADANA
Madana consists of dried fruit of Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb) Keay, Syn Randia dumetorum Lam. (Fam. Rubiacem), a deciduous thorny shrub or a small, tree, reaching a
height upto 9 m and girth about a metre, branches numerous, thick and horizontal, found in sub-Himalayan tracts extending eastwards in Sikkim upto 1200 m and southwards to
Peninsular India.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Madani
Assamese : Mmn
Bengali : Mainaphal, Mayanaphal
English : Emetic nut
Gujrati : Mindhal, Mindhol, Mindhar
Hindi : Manphal
Kannada : Mangarikai, Karigidda, Madanaphala Maggrekai, Kari, Maggare Kayi
Kashmiri : Madanfal
Malayalam : Malankara, Malamkarakka
Marathi : Gal, Galphala, Giephala, Madanphala
Oriya : Mmna, Madana
Punjabi : Mindhal, Rara, Manphal
Tamil : Marukkarai
Telugu : Mranga Kaya, Monga Kaya
Urdu : Mainphal, Jauz-ul-Qai
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Fruit, 1.8-4.5 cm long, globose or broadly ovoid, longitudinally ribbed or smooth yellowish-brown, crowned with persistent calyx-limb, fruit, contains numerous seeds, 0.4-0.6 cm long, compressed, smooth, brown and very hard.
b) Microscopic
Fruit-trasnverse section shows epicarp consisting of single layered epidermis, sometimes obliterated in surface view, epidermal cells thin-walled and polygonal, mesocarp, broad zone consisting of thin-walled, parenchyamatous cells, some cells contain reddish-brown content, a number of vascular bundles found embedded in this zone, endocarp stony consisting of light yellow polygonal, sclerenchymatous cells of variable shape and size.
Seed-transverse section shows a seed coat, consisting of single layered, rounded to oval epidermal cells, a few layers of yellowish-brown pigmented cells, endosperm forms bulk of seed consisting of large oval and irregular shaped parenchymatous cells, albumen horny, transluscent, cells of outermost layer smaller in size.
Powder-Reddish brown, under microscope shows numerous, large, irregular, reddish brown cells sclereids of variable shape and size, pieces of xylem vessels with reticulate thickenings, thin- walled, crushed parenchymatous cells and yellow-orange pieces of seed coat
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 6 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 0.25 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 19 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 16 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
CONSTITUENTS – Essential oil, saponin, tannin and resin.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Tikta
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Vamana, Lekhana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Pippalyadi Taila.
THERAPEUTIC USES – Gulma, Kustha, Vidradhi, Slesmajvara, Pratisyaya
DOSE – 0.5 -1.0 g of the drug in powder form for decoction.
3-6 g of the drug for induction of vomiting.
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