PARASIKAYAVANI (Seed)
Parasikayavani consists of the seed of Hyoscyamus niger Linn. (Fam. Solanacem), an annual or biennial herb, native to the Mediterranean region and temperate Asia, occurring in Western Himalayas from Kashmir to Kumaon at an altitude of 1600 to 4000 m, imported into India.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Khurasani Yavani, Yavani, Turusaka, Madakarini
Assamese : —
Bengali : Khorasani ajwan
English : Henbane
Gujrati : Khurasanee ajma, Khurasanee ajmo
Hindi : Khurasanee ajvayan,
Kannada : Khurasanee, Ajawaana
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Khurasaanee, Paarasika, Yavaani
Marathi : Khurasanee ova
Oriya : —
Punjabi : Khurasanee ajvain, Bangidewana
Tamil : Kuraasanee Yomam
Telugu : Kurasanee vamu, Khurasanee omam
Urdu : Ajvayanee Khursanee
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Seeds irregularly reniform or sub-quadrate, slightly over a mm in size, dark grey, surface concave, odour pleasantly aromatic, taste bitter, mucilaginous and pungent, aromatic.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of seed shows the presence of thick cuticle, testa with two layers, outer one with a row of osteosclereids size ranging from 50 to 80 n, inner one with crushed parenchyma, endosperm cells thin walled, containing oil globules, embryo coiled; starch absent.
Powder – Dark brown aromatic smell, bitter mucilagenous taste and an oily texture; a number of flask-shaped or dumb-bell shaped osteosclereids seen; fragments of testa in surface view, showing cells with sinuous walls; powder when treated with Sudan IV and mounted in glycerine shows the presence of oil globules which turn orange red; powder cleared with dilute nitric acid shows surface view of sculpturing on testa.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 4 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 16 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 10 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of the methanolic extract on silica gel ‘G’ plate (0.2 mm thick) using toluene : ethyl acetate : diethyl amine (70:20:10) shows under UV (366 nm) one fluorescent spot at Rf. 0.49 (blue). After spraying with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate at 105oC for ten minutes spots appear at Rf. 0.09 (Brown), 0.49 (brown), 0.69 (greenish brown). After spraying with modified Dragendorff’s reagent spots appear at Rf. 0.90, 0.77, 0.61, 0.23 and 0.10.
CONSTITUENTS – Tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine, (its racemic mixture and atropine) and hyoscine.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu, Tikta
Guna : Guru, Ruksa
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Pittakara, Dipana, Grahi, Kaphahara, Vatahara, Vedanasthapana, Madaka, Pacaka, Nidrakara
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Sarpagandhaghna Vati
THERAPEUTIC USES – Anaha, Asmari, Sula, Svasa, Gulma, Kasa, Krmi, Unmada, Rajahkrcchra, Sighrapatana, Svpanadosa, Udarasula, Anidra, Sandhisula
DOSE – 125 – 500 mg.
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