PARIBHADRA (Stem Bark)
Paribhadra consists of the dried stem bark of Erythrina indica Lam. (Fam. Fabacem); medium sized, quick growing tree, distributed widely in deciduous forests throughout India, also grown in gardens as an ornamental plant and as a support for black pepper vine.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Paribhadraka, Kantakimsuka
Assamese : —
Bengali : Pattemadar
English : Coral tree
Gujrati : Panderavo
Hindi : Pharahada, Pangara
Kannada : Hongar, Halivanadamar
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Murrikku
Marathi : Pangara
Oriya : —
Punjabi : —
Tamil : Kalyanamurongai, Mulmurumgai
Telugu : Badisa, Varifamu
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Mature dried stem bark about 0.5-2.0 cm thick, smooth, exfoliating in narrow strips; outer surface yellowish to yellowish-grey, lenticels found at short intervals longitudinal lines on the outer surface, yellowish to cream coloured; whole bark differentiated into outer non-fibrous and inner fibrous zones, outer bark breaks readily with a short fracture, inner bark fibrous.
b) Microscopic
Stem Bark – Mature bark shows stratified and lignified cork of about 2-9 or more alternating bands of narrow tangentially elongated compressed, yellowish coloured cells and of wider cells in 3-25 or more layers, tangentially elongated to squarish, radially arranged and thin-walled; a few cells contain prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate; secondary cortex consists of large, somewhat tangentially elongated to polygonal, parenchymatous cells, a few cells contain prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, stone cells occur in singles or in groups which are circular, elongated or rectangular in shape, parenchymatous cells surrounding stone cells groups, contain large crystals of calcium oxalate; secondary phloem consisting of sieve tubes with their companion cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma traversed by phloem rays; phloem fibres, mostly arranged in tangential strips alternating with the regular thin-walled phloem elements, sieve elements in outer and middle regions of phloem mostly get collapsed and crushed and form many tangential strips of ceratenchyma between the tangential groups of phloem fibres;fibres large, thick-walled with narrow lumen; crystal fibres numerous, septate and each chamber contains a single prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate; phloem parenchyma thin-walled, a few of them contains crystals of calcium oxalate similar to those found in the secondary cortex and crystal fibres; phloem rays numerous and mostly multiseriate running almost straight in the inner phloem region but bent towards left or right in the outer phloem region; ray cells thin-walled, radially elongated in the inner region and slightly tangentially elongated towards outer region in transverse section.
Powder – Crearnish-yellow; shows stratified cork, pieces of phloem fibres, stone cells and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 13 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 2.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 7 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
CONSTITUENTS – Alkaloids and Resins
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu, Tikta
Guna : Sara
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Krmighna, Kaphahara, Medohara, Vatahara
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Abhaya Lavana, Nyagrodhadi Curna, Narayana Taila
THERAPEUTIC USES – Sotha, Krmiroga, Karnaroga.
DOSE – 6-12 g. of the drug in powder form.
12-24 g of the drug for decoction.
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