PATTANGA (Heart Wood)
Pattanga consists of dried heart wood of Cmsalpinia sappan Linn. (Fam. Cmsalpiniacem), a shrub or small tree, about 6 to 9 m in height, found in South India and Bengal; usually cultivated as a hedge plant.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Patranga, Pattanga
Assamese : Baggam, Bakam
Bengali : Bokom
English : Sappan Wood
Gujrati : Patang
Hindi : Pagang, Bakam
Kannada : Patang
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : —
Marathi : Patang
Oriya : —
Punjabi : —
Tamil : Anaikuntrumani
Telugu : Bukkapuchettu
Urdu : Pattang
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Drug occurs in pieces, moderately hard, about 2.5 cm thick, smooth, dark brown on one surface and creamish-white on the other, and yellowish-orange in between; fracture, fibrous; odour and taste not characteristic.
b) Microscopic
Shows vessels, tracheids, fibres and xylem parenchyma, traversed by numerous xylem rays; vessels numerous, barrel-shaped with bordered pits, scattered throughout xylem in single or in groups of 2 to 5, a few vessels filled with yellowish pigment; fibres spindle-shaped, pointed at both ends; xylem rays numerous uni to biseriate found more common, 3 to 30 cells high, ray cells round or oval; calcium oxalate crystals and starch grains absent.
Powder – Creamish-white; shows group of fibres and vessels; crystals of calcium oxalate and starch grains absent.
Identification
a) Colour test – i) 5 gram of sample extracted in 100 ml of water, filtered and seen in . daylight is saffron in colour; ii) 5 gram of sample extracted in 100 ml of 95% of alcohol, filtered and seen in daylight is reddish, which becomes carmine on addition of 5% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide; iii) small fragments of wood impart crimson colour in lime water.
b) Fluorescence – Extract obtained in the test for water soluble extractive greenish brown under U.V. light (254 nm) and brownish-green under (366 nm); extract obtained in the test for alcoholic soluble extractive greenish yellow under U.V. light (254 nm) and darkbrown, under (366 nm).
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 0.2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 8 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ using n-Butanol : Acetic acid: Water (4:1:5) shows in visible light three spots at Rf. 0.75 (pink), 0.89 (grey), and 0.94 (dirty yellow). Under U.V. (366 nm) four fluorescent zones are visible at Rf. 0.66 (blue), 0.75 (pink), 0.89 (grey) and 0.94 (dirty yellow). On exposure to Iodine vapour four spots appear at Rf. 0.66, 0.75, 0.89 and 0.94 (all yellow). On spraying with 5% Methanolic- Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for about ten minutes at 110oC four spots appear at Rf. 0.66. 0.75 (both light pink), 0.89 (grey) and 0.94 (orange).
CONSTITUENTS – Brasilin, Essential oils, Saponin Glycoside, Amino Acids and Sugars.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Tikta
Guna : Ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Pittahara, Varnya, Dosahara
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Karpuradyarka, Arimedadi Taila, Kunkumadi Taila
THERAPEUTIC USES – Daha, Mukharoga, Pradara, Vrana, Rakta Dosa
DOSE – 5-10 gm.
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