PRSNIPARNI(Whole Plant)
Prsniparni consists of dried whole plant of Uraria picta Desv. (Fam. Fabacem), an erect, under shrub upto 90 cm high, distributed throughout the country.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Citraparni, Kalasi, Dhavani, Prthakparni, Shrigalavinna
Assamese : —
Bengali : Salpani, Chhalani, Chakule
English : —
Gujrati : Pithavan
Hindi : Pithavan, Dabra
Kannada : Murele Honne, Ondele honne, Prushniparni
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Orila
Marathi : Pithvan, Prushnipamee
Oriya : Prushnipamee, Shankarjata
Punjabi : Detedarnee
Tamil : Oripai
Telugu : Kolakuponna
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Root – Occur in pieces of varying size, thickness of 1 to 2 cm, gradually tapering, tough,woody, cylindrical; externally light yellow to buff, internally pale yellow; surface bearing fine longitudinal striations; fracture, splintery or fibrous; taste, slightly acrid.
Stem – About 8.0 to 16.0 cm long, 0.2 to 0.4 cm in diameter, in cut pieces; cylindrical, branched, pubescent, external surface light yellow to brown; transversely cut and smoothened surface shows buff-white colour, mature stem longitudinally wrinkled, leaf scar present at nodes; fracture, fibrous.
Leaf – Very variable, imparipinnate, upto 20 cm or more long, upto 2 cm wide; leaflets on the upper part of the stem 5 to 7, rigidly sub-coriaceous, linear-oblong, acute, blotched with white; glabrous above, finely reticulately veined and minutely pubescent beneath, base rounded; leaflets on the lower part of the stem 1 to 3, sub-orbicular or oblong.
b) Microscopic
Root – Shows 5 or 6 layers of thin-walled, tabular, regularly arranged cork cells; cork cambium single layered; secondary cortex composed of 4 to 6 layers of oval, tangentially arranged, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells, a few fibres present singly or in groups; secondary phloem composed of sieve elements, parenchyma and fibres traversed by phloem rays; sieve elements somewhat collapsed towards periphery but intact in inner phloem region; phloem parenchyma composed of rounded to somewhat oval cells, larger towards periphery; fibres thick-walled, lignified with narrow lumen and tapering ends;phloem rays 1 to 5 cells wide, their cells being oval or rectangular in the portion nearer the wood but broader towards their distal ends; secondary xylem composed of vessels, tracheids, fibres, crystal fibres and parenchyma traversed by xylem rays; vessel very few, mostly confined to inner and outer part of xylem; fibres similar to those of phloem fibres and arranged in close set concentric bands; in isolated preparation vessels are cylindrical, pitted with transverse to oblique perforation; tracheids possess bordered pits; xylem parenchyma mostly rectangular with simple pits; xylem ray cells isodiametric showing simple pits; starch grains simple, round to oval, measuring 6 to 17n in dia., distributed throughout parenchymatous cells of secondary cortex, phloem and xylem; prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate present in crystal fibres, as well as in many parenchymatous cells of secondary cortex, phloem and ray cells. Stern – Shows single layered epidermis covered with cuticle, a few epidermal cells elongate outwards forming papillm; cortex 8 to 10 cells wide, consisting of oval to circular, thin walled, parenchymatous cells; groups of pericyclic fibres present in the form of discontinuous ring; phloem consisting of usual elements except phloem fibres; phloem rays 2 to 4 cells wide; xylem consisting of usual elements; vessels mostly simple pitted; fibres simple with blunt tips; xylem rays 1 to 4 cells wide and 2 to 8 cells in height; pith wide, consisting of thin-walled, round to oval parenchymatous cells.
Leaf-
Midrib – single layered epidermis on either surfaces covered with striated cuticle having a few unicellular or bicellular, hooked or straight and pointed tipped hairs present on bothsurfaces but more on lower surface; collenchyma 2 or 3 layered, followed by 2 layers of parenchyma cells; single row of pericyclic fibers present on both sides; vascular bundle located centrally.
Lamina – shows single layered epidermis on either surfaces, a few unicellular or bicellular, hooked or straight, pointed tipped hairs present on lower surface; mesophyll differentiated into single layered palisade and spongy parenchyma; spongy parenchyma cells oval to rounded having small intercellular spaces; numerous paracytic stomata present on lower surface; stomatal index 27 to 36 on lower surface; palisade ratio 4 or 5; vein-islet number 29 to 32 per sq. mm.; vascular bundle present centrally.
Powder – Greenish-yellow; shows simple pitted vessels; fragments of fibres, tracheids, parenchyma cells; pieces of hairs; palisade cells; a few prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate; epidermal cells wavy walled in surface view showing paracyic stomata and starch grains simple, round to oval, measuring 6 to 17 n in dia.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 11 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 4 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 7 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 8 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene: Ethyl acetate (9:1) shows under U.V. (366 nm) three fluorescent zones at Rf. 0.13 (Red), 0.26 (light blue) and 0.30 (Red). On exposure to Iodine vapour nine spots appear at Rf. 0.07, 0.18, 0.26, 0.30, 0.44, 0.63, 0.86, 0.91 and 0.97 (all yellow). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate at 105oC for ten minutes eight spots appear at Rf. 0.18, 0.26, 0.30, 0.39, 0.44, 0.86, 0.91 and 0.97 (all grey).
CONSTITUENTS –
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Amla, Katu, Tikta
Guna : Laghu, Sara
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Dipana, Sangrahi, Tridosahara, Vatahara, Vrsya, Sothahara, Angamardaprasamana, Sandhaniya, Jivanu Nasaka, Balavardhaka
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Amrtarista, Angamarda Prasamana Kasaya Curna, Dasamula Taila, Vyaghritaila, Madhyama Narayana Taila, Siraha Suladi Vajra Rasa, Dasamularisa.
THERAPEUTIC USES – Atisara, Chardi, Daha, Jvara, Kasa, Raktatisara, Raktavikara, Svasa, Unmada, Vatarakta, Vrana, Vataroga, Raktarsa, Kaphajamadatyaya Trsna, Nataprabala, Ekahika Jvara, Pilla (Netra Roga) Asthibhagna
DOSE – 20-50 gm powder for decoction.
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