SATAHVA (Root)
Satahva consists of the dried ripe fruits of Anethum sowa Roxb. ex Flem. Syn. A. graveolens Linn. var. sowa Roxb.; A. graveolens DC.; Peucedanum sowa Roxb.; P. graveolens Benth. (Fam. Apiacem); a tall, glabrous, aromatic herb found throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of the country and cultivated.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Satapuspa
Assamese : —
Bengali : Suva, Sulpha, Shulupa, Sowa
English : Indian Dil Fruit
Gujrati : Suva
Hindi : Soya, Sova
Kannada : Sabasige
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : —
Marathi : Badishep, Shepa, Shepu
Oriya : —
Punjabi : Soya
Tamil : Satakuppa
Telugu : Sadapa
Urdu : Shibt, Soya
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Fruits, dark brown, often stalk attached, broadly oval and compressed dorsally; mericarps usually separate and free, 4 mm long, 2-3 mm broad and 1 mm thick, glabrous, traversed from the base to apex by 5 lighter coloured primary ridges of which 3 dorsal, slightly raised, brown, filiform and incospicuous, 2 lateral prolonged into thin, yellowish membranous wings; odour, faintly aromatic resembling that of caraway, and a warm, slightly sharp taste, akin to caraway.
b) Microscopic
Fruit – Pericarp shows epidermis of polygonal tabular cells having thick outer wall and striated cuticle; mesocarp, parenchymatous, some cells lignified and show reticulate thickening; endocarp consists of tabular cells sometimes with sinuous anticlinal walls; vittm, 4 on the dorsal valleculm and 2 on the commissural surface, extending the length of each mericarp with an endothelium of brown cells and containing volatile oil; dorsal costm three, one larger and the two lateral broadly winged, each costm with vascular strands; endosperm much flattened and consists of thick-walled, cellulosic, parenchyma containing fixed oil and numerous aleurone grains upto 5 n in diameter containing micro-rosette crystals of calcium oxalate; carpophore split, passing at the apex into the raphe of each mericarp containing a vascular strand of sclerenchymatous fibres and spiral vessels.
Powder – Brown; shows spiral vessels, micro-rosette crystals of calcium oxalate and oil globules, aleurone grains upto 5 n in diameter.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 14 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 4 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 15 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
Volatile oil Not less than 3 per cent, Appendix 2.2.10
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract of the drug on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene shows on exposure to Iodine vapour two spots at Rf. 0.59 and 0.68 (all yellow). On spraying with Anisaldehyde-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for about ten minutes at 110° C three spots appear at Rf. 0.37 (pink) 0.59 (blue) and 0.68 (violet).
CONSTITUENTS – Essential Oil.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu, Tikta
Guna : Snigdha
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Dipana, Kaphahara, Vatahara, Sulprasamana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Gorocanadi Vati, Brhat Phala Ghrta, Narayana Curna, Sadbindu Taila
THERAPEUTIC USES – Sula, Atisara, Jvara, Vrana, Netra Roga
DOSE – 3-6 g. of the drug in powder form.
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