TRIVRT (Root)
Trivrt consists of dried root of Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso Syn. Ipomoea turpethum R. Br. (Fam. Convolvulacem); a large perennial twiner with milky juice and fleshy roots, found growing wild nearly throughout the country, ascending to 900 m, also occasionally grown in gardens; the roots being fleshy, care is taken in drying as they decay easily; roots therefore cut into pieces and the cut portions are exposed to sun for a day or so, after which it is finally dried in shade.
SYNONYMS
Sansk. : Syama, Tribhandi
Assam. : —
Beng. : Teudi, Tvuri, Dhdhakalami
Eng. : Terpeth Root, Indian Jalap
Guj. : Kala Nasottara
Hindi. : Nishothra
Kan. : Vili Tigade
Kash. : —
Mal. : Trikolpokanna
Mar. : Nisottar
Ori. : Dudholomo
Punj. : Nisoth
Tam. : Karum Sivadai
Tel. : Tella, Tegada
Urdu. : Turbud, Nishoth
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Roots occur in pieces, 1.5-15 cm long, 1-5 cm dia., usually unbranched, cylindrical, elongated, bearing thin rootlets; thicker pieces, occasionally split and show central wood portion; surface dull grey, reddish-grey to light brown, showing deep furrows or longitudinal wrinkles giving a rope-like or columnar appearance; transversely cut surface shows thick, whitish bark and light yellow centre; fracture in bark, short; in wood, fibrous; odour, indistinct; taste, slightly acrid and nauseating when kept in mouth for some time
b) Microscopic
Mature root shows thin cork, consisting of3-5 rows of brown cells; secondary cortex 4-6 layered, composed of tangential elongated, thin-walled cells; some of the cortical cells become thick-walled appearing as isolated, oval to subrectangular sclerenchymatous cells having wide lumen; secretory cavities surrounded by subsidiary cells and resin canals found scattered in secondary cortex; secondary phloem, a wide zone, consisting of sieve elements and phloem parenchyma; vascular bundles arranged in a continuous and a discontinuous ring, traversed by uni and biseriate medullary rays; numerous resin cells also seen in phloem in longitudinal rows; xylem shows 3-5 radiating arms; small patches of intraxylary phloem often formed; xylem vessels in singles or 2-3 in groups, having simple pits on their walls; calcium oxalate crystals as prisms and rosettes found scattered in cortex, phloem parenchyma, xylem parenchyma and medullary ray cells; starch grains, both simple .and compound, simple ones elliptical to spherical with central cleft hilum, compound grains consisting of 2-4 components, size vary from 5-44 n in dia., found scattered in cortex, phloem parenchyma, xylem parenchyma and medullary ray cells.
Powder – Greyish to light brown; shows parenchymatous cells, cellulosic fibres with pointed tips, vessels with simple pits, simple and compound starch grains elliptical to spherical with central cleft, measuring 5-44 n in dia., having 2-4 components, rosette and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Nil Appendix 2.2.2
Total ash Not more than 10 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.3
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1.5 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.4
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 10 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.6
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 8 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.7
T.L.C. –
T.L.C. of the alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene : Ethylacetate (9:1) shows under UV (366 nm) three fluorescent zones at Rf. 0.08, 0.21 (both light blue) and 0.58 (blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour seven spots appear at Rf. 0.21, 0.41, 0.49, 0.58, 0.71, 0.90 and 0.97 (all yellow). On spraying with VanillinSulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for ten minutes at 110°C seven spots appear at Rf. 0.21, 0.41, 0.49 (all light violet), 0.58, 0.70, 0.90 and 0.97 (all violet).
CONSTITUENTS – Resinous Glycosides.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Katu, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kaphapittahara, Pittahara, Vatala, Virecana, Sukhavirecanaka, Jvarahara
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Hrdyavirecana Leha, Asvagandharista, Avipattikara Curna, Manibhadra Guda
THERAPEUTIC USES – Malabandha, Gulma, Udara Roga, Jvara, Sopha Pandu, Pliha, Vrana, Krmi, Kustha, Kandu
DOSE – 1-3 g of the drug in powder form.
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