TUMBURU (Fruit)
Tumburu consists of dried fruit of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Syn. Z. alatum Roxb. (Farn. Rutacem), an armed or erect shrub or small tree, found in the valleys of the Himalayas at an altitude of 1000 to 2100 m, in Khasi hills at 600 to 1800 rn, and in the Ghats in peninsular India.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Tejovati, Tejovali, Tejohva
Assamese : Tejovati
Bengali : Tejovati, Nepali Dhania
English : —
Gujrati : Tejbal
Hindi : Tejbal, Nepali Dhaniya
Kannada : Tejapatri, Tumburu, Tejovanti
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Thumboonal, Thumbooni
Marathi : Tejbal, Tejobalee
Oriya : Tejbal
Punjabi : Tirmira
Tamil : Thejyovathi
Telugu : Tumburl
Urdu : Kabab-e-Khanda (Miswak)
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Reddish-brown, sub-globose, mostly dehisced, follicles, containing a single seed in each follicle; seeds, globose, glabrous, shiny black; upto 0.5 cm long, and about 0.3 cm wide; taste, pungent; odour, aromatic.
b) Microscopic
Fruit – Pericarp shows large oil cavities and vascular tissues surrounded by parenchymatous cells containing irregular masses of hesperidin and followed by 2 to 5 layered palisade-like cells, hesperidin insoluble in organic solvents but soluble in potassium hydroxide.
Seed – Testa shows wide, very thick-walled, irregular, non-lignified cells having blackish-brown contents and numerous oil globules; tegmen shows 3 or 4 oval to polygonal tangentially elongated thin-walled parenchymatous cells, followed by 8 to 10 layers tangentially elongated tabular cells filled with reddish-brown contents; endosperm consists of thin-walled, polygonal, parenchymatous cells.
Powder – Dark brown to black; shows groups of thin-walled, parenchymatous cells, some filled with oil globules, and a few with hesperidin; polygonal cells of seed coat and separate globules of oil.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 8.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 8 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 10 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene: Ethylacetate (9: 1) v/v shows in visible light two spots at Rf. 0.18, 0.35 (both grey). Under U.V. (366 nm) five spots appear at Rf. 0.10, 0.18, (both blue), 0.38 (violet) 0.55 (violet) and 0.93 (violet). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate at 105oC for ten minutes seven spots appear at Rf. 0.18, 0.26, 0.35, 0.48, 0.66, 0.76 and 0.96 (all grey).
CONSTITUENTS – Essential Oil.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu, Tikta
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Dipana, Kaphahara, Pacana, Rucya, Vatahara, Lalapraseka, Cimcimayanama, Rasana Samsvedaka
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Saptavimsati Guggulu, Dadhika Ghrta, Maha Visagarbha Taila, Hingvadi Taila
THERAPEUTIC USES – Agnimandya, Arsa, Hrdroga, Hikka, Kasa, Kantha Roga, Svasa, Ardita, Kaphaja Roga, Asya Roga, Danta Roga
DOSE – 2-4 gm.
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