VIDANGA
Vidanga consists of dried mature fruits of Embelia ribes Burm. f. (Fam. Myrsinacem), large scandent shrub with long slender, flexible branches, distributed throughout hilly parts of India upto 1600 m.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Jantughna, Krmighna, Vella, Krmihara, Krmiripu
Assamese : Vidang
Bengali : Vidang
English : —
Gujrati : Vavding, Vavading, Vayavadang
Hindi : Vayavidanga, Bhabhiranga, Baberang
Kannada : Vayuvilanga, Vayuvidanga
Kashmiri : Babading
Malayalam : Vizhalari, Vizalari
Marathi : Vavading, Vavding
Oriya : Bidanga, Vidanga
Punjabi : Babrung, Vavaring
Tamil : Vayuvilangam, Vayuvidangam
Telugu : Vayuvidangalu
Urdu : Baobarang, Babrang
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Fruit brownish-black, globular 2-4 mm in diameter, warty surface with a beak like projection at apex, often short, thin pedicel and persistant calyx with usual1y 3 or 5 sepals present, pericarp brittle enclosing a single seed covered by a thin membrane, entire seed, reddish and covered with yellowish spots (chitra tandula), odour slightly aromatic, taste, astringent.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of fruit shows epicarp consisting of single row of tabular cells of epidermis, usually obliterated, in surface view cells rounded with wrinkled cuticle, mesocarp consists of a number of layers of reddish-brown coloured cells and numerous fibrovascular bundles and rarely a few prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, inner part of mesocarp and endodennis composed of stone cells, endodermis consisting of single layered, thick-walled, large, palisade-like stone cells, seed coat composed of 2-3 layered reddish-brown coloured cells, endosperm cells irregular in shape, thick-walled, containing fixed oil and proteinous masses, embryo small when present otherwise most of the seeds sterile.
Powder-Reddish, under microscope shows reddish parenchyma and stone cells.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Identification:-
(I) Shake 1 g of the powdered seeds with 20ml of Solvent Ether for five minutes and filter. To a portion of the filtrate add 5 per cent vlv solution of Sodium Hydroxide, a deep violet colour is developed in the aqueous layer. To the other portion add 2 drops of Dilute Ammonia solution, a bluish violet precipitate is obtained.
(II) Boil 5 g of the powdered seeds :with 25 ml alcohol and filter. Divide the deep red coloured filtrate into two portions. To one portion, add solution of lead Acetate, a dirty green precipitate is produced. To the other portion add solution of ferric chloride a reddish-brown precipitate is produced.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 6 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 10 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 9 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
ASSAY
Contains not less than 2 per cent w/w of embelin (limits 1.85 to 2.15) when assayed as follows:-
Weigh accurately about 10 g of powder (40 mesh) and transfer to a 500 ml glass stoppered flask Shake occasionally for thirty minutes with 150 ml of Solvent Ether. Pack the whole mass in a percolator, allow to macerate for thirty minutes and extract with Solvent Ether till the ethereal solution ceases to give a pink colour with a drop of Dilute Ammonia Solution. Distil off the Ether, treat the residue with small quantity of light Petroleum (b.p. 40o C to 60o C) cool in ice, filter through a Buchner funnel under suction and reject the filtrate. Wash the residue with further small quantities of cooled Ether (b. p. 40o C to 60o C). Transfer the residue to a tared beaker with sufficient quantity of Solvent Ether, remove the Light Petroleum and dry the residue of embelin to constant weight at 80o. The melting range of the residue is 142o C to 144o C .
CONSTITUENTS – Benzoquinones, alkaloid (Christembine), tannin and essential oil
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu, Tikta
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Anulomana, Dipana, Krminasana, Vatakaphapaha
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Vidangarista, Vidanga Lauha, Vidangadi Lauha
THERAPEUTIC USES – Sula, Krmiroga, Udararoga, Adhmina
DOSE – 5-10 g of the drug in powder form.
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