YAVA (Fruit)
Yava consists of dried fruit of Hordeum vulgare Linn. Syn. H. sativum Pers. (Fam. Poacem); an annual, erect herb, 50-100 cm high, cultivated chiefly in North India.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Dhanyaraja, Tiksnasuka, Hayesta
Assamese : —
Bengali : Jau, Jav
English : Barley
Gujrati : Cheno, Jau
Hindi : Jav
Kannada : —
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Javegambu
Marathi : Yava, Java
Oriya : —
Punjabi : Javo
Tamil : Barley
Telugu : Barlibiyam, Yava Dhanya
Urdu : Jau
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Fruit a caryopsis, elliptic, oblong, ovoid-and tapering at both ends, smooth, about 1 cm long and 0.2-0.3 cm wide, dorsally compressed and flattened on the sides with a shallow longitudinal furrow, 3-5 ridges having shallow depression between them, grains tightly enclosed and adhering the lemma and palea; pale-greenish-yellow; odour, not distinct; taste, sweetish-acrid.
b) Microscopic
Fruit -Shows single layered epidermis consisting of crescent-shaped, round to oval wavy walled cells, followed by 2-3 layers, thick-walled, sclerenchymatous fibres; below the sclerenchyma are present irregular, square or quadrilateral, spongy parenchymatous cells, a few cell walls having silica bodies through which run the fibro-vascular bundles of the ribs, followed by more or less, polygortal inner epidermal cells, a few inner epidermal cells having unicellular claw-shaped hair and stomata; pericarp composed of cells with more or less compressed parenchymatous cells; seed coat appears as a colourless line; perisperm composed of cells with more or less wavy walls having narrow lumens; endosperm divided into two zones, 2-4 cells deep aleurone layers, and the rest starch layers; starch grains simple, round to oval, measuring 3-30 n in diameter.
Powder – Creamish-white; shows groups of fragments of polygonal, thin-walled flowering glume cells in surface view, sclerenchymatous fibres, scalariform vessels and abundant round to oval, simple starch grains, measuring 3-30 n in diameter.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 4 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Water-soluble ash Not less than 4 per cent, Appendix 2.2.5
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 2.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 5.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract of the drug on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using n-Butanol :
Acetic acid: Water (4: 1 :5) shows under U.V. light (366 nm) seven fluorescent zones at Rf. 0.10, 0.22, 0.31, 0.45, 0.68, 0.83 (all violet) and 0.92 (yellow). On spraying with Phosphomolybdic acid reagent and on heating the plate for ten minutes at 105°C six spots appear at Rf. 0.10, 0.22, 0.31, 0.68, 0.83 and 0.92 (all grey). On spraying with Ninhydrin reagent eleven spots appear at Rf. 0.06, 0.14, 0.16, 0.24, 0.31, 0.36, 0.44, 0.53, 0.56, 0.65 & 0.72 (all pink.)
CONSTITUENTS – Starch, Sugars, Fats, Proteins (Albumin, Globulin, Prolamin and Glutilin) also contains Flavone Glycosides viz, Orientoside, Orientin, Vitexin etc.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Kasaya
Guna : Mrdu, Ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Balya, Kaphahara, Lekhana, Mutrahara, Medahara, Pittahara, Purisakrt, Sthairyakara, Svarya, Vatakrt, Vrsya, Varnya
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Dadhika Ghrta, Agastyaharitaki Rasayana, Eladya Modaka, Dhanvantara Ghrta, Gandharvahasta Taila, Dhanvantara Taila, Brhatmasa Taila, Sarsapadi Pralepa, Kayasthadya Vartti.
THERAPEUTIC USES – Svasa, Kasa, Medoroga, Pinasa, Prameha, Trsna, Urustambha, Kanharoga, Tvagroga
DOSE – 100 – 200 g. of the drug.
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