cbse syllabus 2016

CBSE Class 6 Science Syllabus Papers

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CBSE Class 6 Science:

                 CBSE Class 6 Science syllabus can be widely classified as follows:

They are:

  1. Food
  2. Materials
  3. The world of living
  4. Moving things, people and ideas
  5. How things work
  6. Natural resources

The above topics are in detail below:

 

  • Food:

         Any typical food which we eat contains different ingredients which come from different sources such as plants and animals. Plants are the sources of vegetables, seeds, oil, fruits, etc whereas animals are the sources of dairy products, milk, meat and eggs.

       The subtopics which are covered under this chapter are Components of food, sources of food and cleaning food.

Sources of food:

                 This topic covers what are the various sources of food that animals depend upon. What do the animals eat? Plant parts and animal products are the some examples of sources of foods.

As we all know, food is an essential thing for all kinds of living organisms. Every organism depends on other organism for making their food. For example, larger animals depend on smaller organism for their food, similarly human beings depend on animals for their food.

Plant food products:

                 Plant food products are the different types of food we get from the plants. Plant is the major source of food for vegetables, fruits, seeds and oils. Few of those examples are

Roots: We consume plant roots in the form of carrot, turnips, radish and beetroot.

Flowers: We consume flowers in the form of cauliflower, flowers of pumpkin and few kinds of roses are used to make edible oils.

Stem:

         We eat stem related source of foods from plants such as coriander, sugarcane, potatoes, etc.,

Fruits:

             We get many different types of fruits like fleshy or dry fruits. Fruits like mango, guava, orange, and apple are the important source of food from the plants.

Seeds:

           We eat grains, pulses, ground nuts which are the important sources of foods in the form of seeds from the plants.

Leaves:

       We eat leafy vegetables such as spinach, cabbage, curry leaves which are rich in calcium and vitamins.

Animal food products:

      Just like plants, animals also make many kinds of foods that are very helpful for the human beings.

Milk:

           Animals such as cow, goat, and buffalo are tamed in their own farms to produce milk from them. This is a rich source of food which is rich in calcium.

Eggs:

           Birds like hen, duck are tamed and reared in their poultry farms for their eggs which is rich in protein.

Meat:

       Animals such as goat, cow, pig, duck, sheeps are tamed to get flesh from them which is called as meat.

Dairy products:

         Not only milk, but also other dairy products are made from the milk of animals such as cow, buffalo, donkey, goat, etc.,

Sea food:

       Sea foods like fish, prawns, and crabs are also highly used foods for the human consumption.

Honey:

        This is a product which is obtained from the Honey bee. Honey collects nectar from various fruits and flowers. Such nectars are collected together to form honey.

Components of food:

       Any healthy food consists of six important nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, protein, minerals and water. These nutrients are much necessary to perform various metabolic activities.

Carbohydrates:

               Carbohydrates are the compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and provide instant energy for the human body. Examples: rice, jowar, grains, etc.,

Proteins:

           They are formed by the compounds such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Protein is required to repair and damage the broken cells in the human body. Example: egg, milk, cheese, etc.,

Fats are made up of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Fat protects the skin from the rapid loss of heat. Example: Cheese, butter, oil, ghee Vitamins are the chemical substances that help in maintaining a healthy body. Example: Lemon, oranges, tomatoes, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Tiger is _______ animal since it eats only meat

Answer: carnivore

  1. Name two foods that are rich in starch.

Answer: Butter and Groundnuts

 

  • Materials:

         This chapter covers the various topics such as different types of cloth materials, types of plant fibres, and some concepts such as why candle shortens when lighten up, how does salt gets dissolved in a cup of water, etc.,

Fibres:

           Cloth is a basic necessity for any human being to protect his body from the external environment. Such cloths are made up of different fabric materials such as wool, fibre, silk, leather, etc.,

Fibres are of two types such as natural fibre and synthetic fibre. Natural fibre are made from the natural sources of plants and animals such as cotton, jute, silk and wool. Synthetic fibre are man-made fibres which are not obtained from any plants and animals. Example: Nylon, polyster, etc.,

Properties of materials:

           Every material has different property and nature. For example:

Metals:

   Most of the metals are lustrous and shiny in nature. Thus, they are used in jewellery making. For example: Gold, silver, etc.,

Cotton:

               The materials such as cotton or sponge are soft by nature. Thus they are used in making sarees, toys and other soft materials.

Plastics:

           The nature of material is light and transparent sometimes. Thus, they are used in making bottles, jugs, play sets, etc.,

Wood:

         This type of materials is opaque in nature which do not allow light to pass through them. Thus, cupboards are made up of wood.

Examples:

  1. State true or false:
  • Is yarn made up of fibres?

             Answer: True

  1. Name any two items that are made from the coconut fibre?

Answer: Bags and ropes

 

  • The world of living:

             This chapter covers the topics such as living and non-living beings characteristics, habitat of the living organisms and morphological structure and function of plants, bones and skeleton system of human beings.

Getting to know the plants:

                 Plants can be classified into different types according to their size and nature. They are as

Herbs:

         Herbs are usually short and have a short period of life. They are mainly used in medicine to cure specific diseases.

Shrub:

             This is taller than herb which lives for longer years. Examples are sunflower, rosemary, etc.,

Tree:

           This is a woody plant that has many stems and branches. They prevent soil erosion, maintain carbon dioxide content in the air, and provide us wood and other materials to build up huts and houses. Creepers are the weak plants which cannot stand straight. They grow horizontally on the ground and live for very short period of time.

Body movements:

               Human beings are able to move from one place to another with the help of their muscles, joints and limbs. Thus, the parts in detail

Joint:

       Joint is a point at which two separate bones meet. There are three types of joints in the human beings such as fixed or immovable joints, slightly movable joints and freely movable joints.

Bones and skeleton:

           Bones provide support to the structures in the body whereas Skeleton system of a human body is an internal framework of all the bones and cartilage in the human body.

Living organisms and the surroundings:

                  There are different types of atmosphere and seasons to which all kinds of living organisms must adapt.

Habitat:

               Habitat of an organism is its immediate surroundings. There are two types of habitat such as Terrestrial habitat (Forest, grasslands, desserts, etc) and Aquatic habitat (Freshwater, ponds, lakes, etc.)

Adaptations:

             The ability of any organism to adjust itself to the type of the surroundings is called as adaptation.

Characteristics of a living organisms:

         All kinds of living organism require certain characteristics of life. They are they require food to exhibit growth, need to move, need to excrete, respire, reproduce and die.

These are the basic characteristics of any kind of living organism.

Examples:

  1. State true or false?
  • The movement and locomotion of all kinds of animals are exactly same?

Answer: False

  1. Which of the skull bones are movable

Answer: Lower jaw

 

  • Moving things, people and ideas:

            This covers the topics such as need to measure the length and motion as change in the position of time.

Measuring length and its accuracy:

                 Length is a basic physical quantity which can be measure with the help of a scale and ruler. Length of a straight line can be measured with the help of a ruler whereas the curved line can be measured with the help of a non-stretchable string. In these ways you can measure any kind of object accurately.

Transportation and distances:

               Moving from one place to another is called as transportation. Before walking was only means of transport which later developed into trains, cars, buses as the means of transportation. Nowadays, any kind of distances and lengths are covered with help of different means of transports.

Examples:

  1. One meter ___ in cm.

Answer: 100 cm

  1. The height of a person is 1.65m. Express in cm and mm.

Answer: 165 cm and 1650 mm

 

  • How things work:

       This chapter covers the topics such as conductors, insulators, components of an electric current, magnet, poles of an magnet, etc.,

Electric circuit:

             Electricity basically needs a path to flow from the positive terminal to negative terminal of an electric cell. A connection which forms a path for this flow of electric current is called as electric circuit.

Conductors and insulators:

                   Materials that do not allow electricity to pass through them is called as insulators whereas materials which allow electric current to pass through them is called as conductors.

Example for insulators: Distilled water which means water at its purest form

Example for conductors: Tap water which means water with impurities

Properties of a magnet:

                   Substances which possess the property of attracting iron is called as magnet. The two ends of a magnet is called as poles which is called as north and south pole.

The properties of a magnet can be stated below as:

  1. A Magnet attracts magnetic materials towards itself
  2. Unlike poles attract each other whereas like poles repel each other
  3. When a bar magnet is rubbed over an iron bar, it changes the iron bar into magnet.

Examples:

  1. A device that is used to break an electric circuit is _____

Answer: Switch

  1. Paper is not a _______ material.

Answer: Magnetic

 

  • Natural resources:

                 This chapter covers the topics such as natural calamities, conservation of water, forests, importance of water, etc.,

Natural calamities:

             Natural calamities such as heavy rainfall, thunder, cyclone, flood and drought are the uncontrolled conditions which affect the areas of earth.

Floods:

       Floods cause heavy loss to the human beings by uprooting crops, shelter, trees and so on.

Rainfall:

           A heavy rainfall may result in flood which is as said above is a disastrous natural calamity.

Drought:

             Drought is condition which has made the areas dry without rainfall and water. This is also a serious issue which may cause more deaths in the affected areas.

Conservation of water:

                 Water is a basic and important source for life and no life exist without water. Thus waters must be conserved in the following ways such as

  1. Avoid unnecessary water wastage
  2. Drinking water should not be used to water the plants
  3. Water bodies should be kept clean and must not be polluted.
  4. Destruction of trees must be avoided
  5. Every house must have implemented rain water harvesting system

     Examples:

  1. Water drops appears on the outer surface of a glass containing cold water. This process is called as ________

Answer: Condensation

  1. Which gas in the atmosphere is essential for the respiration?

Answer: Oxygen

       Thus, above are the topics which are covered in the syllabus of CBSE Class 6 Science.

CBSE Class 3 Mathematics Syllabus

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CBSE Class 3 Mathematics:

              When compared to CBSE Class 3, CBSE Class 2 Mathematics covered various simple topics on Addition, subtraction, multiplication without carry, place value in numbering system, simple division, etc., But in CBSE Class 3, next level mathematics is taught to enhance and trigger the brain of the child. For this, they have included the portions just similar to that of Class 1 and Class 2 but in little higher level. Among all the subjects of CBSE Class 3 like Mathematics, Science, Hindi and English let us check out the syllabus of Mathematics below.

 

CBSE Class 3 syllabus:

             They cover similar syllabus just like that as Class 2 and Class 1.

  • Numbers:

           Children are taught to write the series of numbers up to 9999 in Class 3. Also, they are trained to pronounce and write the compact and expanded form of such numbers.

Topics covered:

  1. Compact and expanded forms of numerals
  2. Roman numerals
  3. Ascending and descending order of the numbers
  4. Rounding off
  5. Place value
  6. Equivalent numerical names

        Examples:

  1. Fill up the missing numerals:
  • 200 _ _ _ _ 205
  • 345_347_ _ 350
  • 34_ _ _ 38_ _ 41

        Answer:

  • 200 201 202 203 204 205
  • 345 346 347 348 349 350
  • 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
  1. Write the equivalent number names for the following:
  • 199 = One hundred and ninety nine
  • 214 = Two hundred and fourteen
  • 3450 = Three thousand four hundred and fifty
  1. Write the equivalent numerals for the number names
  • Three hundred and sixty six = 366
  • Four hundred and thirty five = 435
  • Two thousand six hundred and thirty five = 2635
  1. Roman numeral VI ______ than VIII
  • < 
  • > 
  • =

               Answer: <

  1. How would you write ten in roman letter?
  • X
  • XII
  • V

                 Answer: X

 

  • Addition and Subtraction:

                 Addition and Subtraction are rather important chapters for a growing child which triggers his/her brain to solve the questions. In class 1 and class 2, addition and subtraction were little simpler with simple two digit and three digit additions and simple word problems. But in class 3, next level of addition such as four digit addition, subtraction with or without borrowing, addition and subtraction word problems are covered.

Examples:

  1. Answer the following:
  • 8789 + 5674 = ?
  • 567 + 4563 = ?

    Answer:

  • 14463
  • 5130
  1. Find 6090 – ______ = 5590

    Answer:

  • 500

 

  • Multiplication and Division:

         Covers the topics such as counting using rows and columns, multiplication tables from 2 to 7, multiplying by 1, multiplying by 0, grid multiplication and word problems in multiplication. In division it covers, division by 10 and 100, division with two digit number, multiplication and division mixed problems, division word problems, etc.

Examples:

  1. 500 pencils are shared among 5 students of the classroom equally. How many pencils did each one get?

Answer: 100

  1. There are 20 bags of apples. Each bag contains 100 apples. Totally how many apples are there?

Answer: 2000

 

  • Fractions:

         Fractions are the important part of mathematics and it is very important to understand it clearly. Fraction comes as proper and improper fraction. The terms numerator and denominator are very important in the concepts of fraction.

Numerator = Number that is above the fraction line. Example: 2 in 2/3

Denominator= Number that is below the fraction line. Example: 3 in 2/3

Proper fraction has numerator smaller than the denominator whereas improper fraction has numerator larger than denominator. An improper fraction can be converted into a mixed fraction having a proper fraction and integral part. Fractions can be added, subtracted, divided and also multiplied.

Examples:

  1. Find out the fraction of vowels in the word “GREAT”?

Answer:

2/5

  1. There are totally 5 glasses of water in the table. Geetha drank 3 glasses of water. What is the fraction of water did geetha drink?

Answer:

3/5

 

  • Rupees and paise:

     Students are taught how to spend their own money and how to add, subtract, multiply and divide with their own money.

Examples:

  1. 6 Rupees is equal to _______ paise

Answer: 360 Paise

  1. 35 is equal to ______ paise

Answer: 575 Paise

  1. 675 paise is equal to _____ rupees

Answer: Rs.11.25

 

  • Time and Date:

         Topics covered such as Time taken to finish a task, puzzles for young minds, understanding the calendar, reading the clock and differentiate between AM and PM, etc.

Examples:

  1. How many rounds does an hour hand complete in a day?

Answer: 2 rounds

  1. What is the exact time taken by the minute hand to move from one number to the next number?

Answer: 5 minutes

 

  • Shapes and their properties:

               Topics covered such as different shapes and sizes, properties of shapes, edges and corners, vertices and surface, review of shapes and sizes, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Which of the following options are measured in cms and m?
  • Length of the banana
  • Height of your father
  • Distance from home to office

         Answers:

  • In cms
  • In cms
  • In meters
  1. Mention the length of the objects surrounding you:
  • Pen
  • Sharperner
  • Spoon

             Answers:

  • 10 cms
  • 3 cms
  • 8-9 cms

 

  • Measurement of length, mass and capacity:

              The basic things like standard unit of length, standard unit of mass, standard unit of capacity, converting meter to centi-meter, milli-meter and kilometer, etc are taught in this section. Students are given the basic understanding that the length of the pencil is measured in centi-meters whereas the distance between two places are measured in meters. Similarly, they are also taught how to measure the mass (in terms of kgs) and capacity (in terms of ml and l).

Examples:

  1. 18 L = _____ ml

Answer: 18000

  1. My mother is making noodles for dinner. Each noodles packet weighs 500g. How many grams of noodles will be there in 6 packets.

Answer: 3000 grams

  1. Add 85m 25cm and 56 m 44 cm and write the answer:

Answer: 141m 69 cm

 

  • Smart charts:

             Pictorial representation of collection of data is called as charts. Topics which are covered are drawing simple charts with two or multiple columns, reviewing simple graphs, pictograph, etc.

Examples:

  1. Answer the questions according to the datas given below:
  • Painting : 10

Dancing: 8

Music: 5

Craft: 15

Cycling: 13

Gardening: 14

Stamp collection: 10

Reading: 9

     Questions:

  1. Which is the most popular hobby?

Answer: Craft

  1. Which is the least popular hobby?

Answer: Music

  1. What is the difference between the number of students interested in Stamp collection and Dancing?

Answer: 2

 

  • Play with patterns:

             This section covers topics such as understanding pattern around us, detecting the number patterns, arranging in alphabetical order, skip counting, growing patterns and even odd patterns.

Examples:

  1. Arrange the following names in alphabetical order:
  • Abinay
  • Xavier
  • Harish

               Answer:

  • Abinay
  • Harish
  • Xavier
  1. Complete the following numerical patterns:
  • 98,198,298,398,_

                 Answer:

  • 98,198,298,398,498

Thus, these are the topics covered in CBSE Class 3 Mathematics.

CBSE Class 2 Mathematics Syllabus

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CBSE Class 2 Mathematics:

                     Just like CBSE Class 1 Subjects, Class 2 includes subjects such as Mathematics, English, Hindi and others. In Class 1, students are taught some basic topics in all the above subjects whereas in Class 2, subjects are going to get little deeper than Class 1.

                    Among all the subjects like Mathematics, English, Science and Hindi let’s get a deeper look into “Mathematics” and its syllabus for CBSE Class 2 students.

 

Syllabus for CBSE Class 2 Mathematics:

  • Numbers:

                Understanding the sequence of numbers, names of the number and grouping the numbers. The topics which are covered under the “Number system” are:

  • Introduction to counting the numbers in groups
  • Looking and guessing the numbers
  • Formation of things in group
  • Concept of Greater than(>) and Lesser than(<) symbols
  • Order of numbers
  • Names of the numbers (up to 9999)
  • Formation of ascending/descending order of numbers.
  • Learning about odd and even numbers
  • Comparing numbers (After/before/in between)

 

      Examples:

  1. Write the below numbers in words:
  • 33
  • 406
  • 345

     Answers:

  • Thirty Three
  • Four hundred and Six
  • Three hundred forty five
  1. Circle the numbers that are more than 234:
  • 235
  • 233
  • 222

     Answers:

  • 235
  1. Arrange the following numbers in ascending and descending order:
  • 45,78,13,9,5,64,79,109 (in ascending order)
  • 67,87,34,12,09,7,1,45 (In descending order)

     Answers:

  • 5,9,13,45,64,78,79,109
  • 87,67,45,34,12,09,7,1
  1. Write the numerals for the following number names:
  • Forty six
  • Sixty seven
  • Thirty two

    Answers:

  • 44
  • 67
  • 32
  1. Fill in the blanks:
  • 50 + 20 + 6= _ + 20 + 50
  • 12 + 13 + 4 = 13 + _ + 12
  • 7 + 5 + 7 = 7 + 7 + _

    Answers:

  • 50 + 20 +6= 6 +20 +50
  • 12 + 13 + 4= 13 + 4 +12
  • 7 + 5 +7= 7 + 7 + 5

 

  • Place value:

                Students have to know the importance of the place values in the numbering system and they should be able to identify whether the place value is “Ones”, “Tens” or “Hundreds”.

For example, in a two digit number, the position of each digit gives its values. In 25, it has 2 tens and 5 ones.

Examples:

  1. Write the place value for the following numbers:
  • 235
  • 789
  • 603

            Answers:

  • 2 is in hundreds place
  • 8 is in tens place
  • 3 is in ones place
  1. Compete the following:
  • 5 tens + 2 ones
  • 4 tens + 4 ones
  • 5 hundreds + 3 tens + 2 ones

            Answers:

  • 52
  • 44
  • 532

 

  • Skip counting:

       Skip counting means finding the next number in the series. For example, in the series of 10, 20, 30…the next number which comes is “40” and “50” respectively.

Examples:

  1. Fill up the blanks with skip counting:
  • 5,15,20…..50?

                 Answers:

  • 5, 15, 20, 25, 30,35,40,45, 50.
  1. Fill up the following series:
  • 2, 12, 22,…?

                       Answers:

  • 2, 12,22, 32,42,52

 

  • Addition and Subtraction:

                 In CBSE Class 1, students would have learnt only basics in addition and subtraction. But in Class 2, students are taught to solve word problems in addition and subtraction. In Class 2, students learn to add or subtract a number using zero, observes commutative property of addition through patterns, solves problems described through pictures and verbal description. Other topics covered are Addition with carry over, adding 4 digit numbers, adding two digit numbers, addition word problems, etc.,

Examples:

  1. 10 -10=0
  2. 9-2=7
  3. 435+100=535

 

  • Multiplication and Division:

         The topics which are covered here are multiplication without carry, multiplication tables of 2,3,4,5,6, etc., skip counting to multiply and simple division.

Examples:

  1. Fill up the following:
  • 5 * 10 = _
  • 4 * 3= _
  • 3 * 9 =_

     Answers:

  • 50
  • 12
  • 27
  1. 450 * 10 = 4510
  2. 16 % 4 =4
  3. 25 % 5=5

 

  • Money:

           Learns to identify important currencies, coins, etc., Adds and subtracts money through mental arithmetic.

Examples:

  1. Write the amount in words:
  • 50 = Seventy six rupee and 50 paisa
  1. Write the amount in figures:

Five hundred and sixty six rupees and 10 paisa = Rs.566.10

 

  • Time and date, calendar:

            Students are taught basic things about year, month, days. They should have a clear understanding that 12 months are in a year, 7 days form a week and 4 week for every month, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Differentiate the months and days below:
  • January
  • Monday
  • Tuesday

        Answer:

  • January is the name of the month
  • Monday is the name of the day
  • Tuesday is also the name of the day
  1. The longer hand of the clock is called as Minute hand.
  2. A leap year has 366 days.
  3. Which month comes before March? February
  4. Which is the first month of the year? January

 

  • Basic shapes, symmetry in everyday life:

  Learns to identify 3-d shapes of rectangle, triangle, cuboid, cylinder, cone and sphere.

Examples:

  1. A closed figure with four equal sides is said to be a Cube
  2. A bangle is in the shape of

 

  • Lines:

           Learns to identify the differences of vertical, horizontal and straight lines.

Examples:

  1. Please identify the number of vertical lines in the given picture.

 

  • Word problems based on Addition and Subtraction:

Along with solving small problems in addition and subtraction, students are trained to solve word problems in addition and subtraction areas.

Examples:

  1. Latha has 25 apple sweets and 15 orange sweets. Totally how many sweets does she have?

        Answer:  40

  1. Seetha has 20 stamps out which she gave 5 stamps to rama. Now, how many stamps does seetha have?

          Answer:  15

 

  • Measurement of Mass, Length, capacity:

     Learns to measure the lengths in units, measure the mass in terms of internal volume, and compares one or more objects with their weights.

Measurement of Mass:

          Using the formulas of simple balance calculates the weight of given objects. Also differentiates between heavier and lighter objects.

Measurement of Length:

          Using simple units to measure length, calculates an objects Length.

Measurement of Weights:

         Calculates volume of the containers using simple formulas of calculating volume.

Examples:

  1. Length of the boundary of the wall is measured in
  • m
  • Kg
  • l

           Answers:  M (Meter)

  1. A teaspoon of medicine is measured in
  • l
  • ml
  • cm

             Answer:   ml (milli litre)

  1. Your weight is measured in
  • g
  • kg
  • l

            Answer:  Kg (Kilo gram)

Thus, above are the syllabus covered under the CBSE Class 2 Mathematics.

 

 

CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus

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CBSE Class 10 Science:

             CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus is divided into two terms such as Term 1 and Term 2. Term 1 includes the following topics such as:

Term 1:

  • Chemical substances- Nature and behavior
  • World of living
  • Effects of current
  • Natural resources

Term 2 includes topics such as:

  • Chemical substances-Nature and Behavior (Continued)
  • World of Living (Continued)
  • Natural Phenomena
  • Natural Resources (Continued)

The above syllabus in detail are:

 

  • Chemical Substances- Nature and Behavior:

             In first Term the above chapter covers the topics such as Chemical reactions, acids, bases and salts, metals and non-metals. In the second Term it covers the chapter such as Chemical substances-Nature and Behavior, Periodic classification of elements.

Chemical reactions:

               This chapter explains about the chemical reactions that occur naturally on any given substance. For example, when milk left at the room temperature during summers will turn it from its original nature, why grapes gets fermented and how foods are digested in our body. Thus, a chemical reaction can be defined as a process of conversion or transformation of a set of substances into another form. It is represented by a chemical equation which represents reactants, products and their physical states symbolically.

Any chemical equation is always in a balanced state so that the number of atoms of each type of reactant remains the same on the reactant and product sides of the equation.

The major topics which are covered under this chapter are

  • Chemical equations and balanced chemical equations
  • Types of chemical reactions
  • Effects of oxidation in everyday life
  • Understanding and writing chemical reactions

       Acids, Bases and Salts:

                             This is a chapter which indicates the different taste that occurs in the food substances

         because of the acids and bases.

       Some of the examples of acids and bases reactions are

  1. Acids when reacts with a metal, hydrogen gas is evolved and a corresponding salt is formed.
  2. When an acid reacts with the metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate, it gives the corresponding salts, carbon dioxide and water.

A scale called as pH scale is used for testing the strength of the acid or alkali. This chapter also covers various topics on preparation and properties of beaching powder, washing soda, plaster of paris, common salt and baking soda.

Metals and non-metals:

                     Metals are ductile, malleable and are good conductors of heat and electricity. Except the metal Mercury, almost all metals are solids at the room temperature. The extraction of metals from their ores and then refining them for use if known as metallurgy.

                    Non-metals have the properties just opposite to that of the metals. They are neither ductile nor malleable. They are bad conductors of heat and electricity except for graphite which conducts electricity.

Periodic classification of elements:

           Elements can be classified on the basis of the similarities in the properties. Elements can be arranged in an increasing order of atomic masses and according to their chemical properties. Thus, for reference a periodic table is formed mentioning every possible elements.

        Examples:

  1. Give an example of the metal which
  • Is a liquid at the room temperature
  • Is a best conductor of heat
  • Is a poor conductor of heat
  • Can be easily cut with knife

           Answer: 

  • Mercury
  • Silver
  • Lead
  • Sodium
  1. Why curd and sour substances must not be kept in the brass and copper vessels?

Answer: Brass and copper vessel contains copper which reacts with the acids found in the curd or other sour substances. Thus, this reaction forms soluble salts which are poisonous in nature making curd unfit for the consumption.

  1. Why sodium is kept immersed in kerosene oil?

Answer:  Sodium reacting with oxygen catches up fire when kept in open place. Thus, sodium is always immersed in kerosene oil to avoid such accidents.

  1. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?

Answer: To remove the protective layer of basic magnesium carbonate from the surface of magnesium ribbon.

  1. Write the balanced equation for the following:
  • Hydrogen + Chlorine ->Hydrogen Chloride    

               Answer: H2+ Cl2->2HC

 

  • World of Living:

             This is a chapter which is covered in both first Term and second Term. In first term the topics which are covered are Life processes, control and co-ordination in plants and animals. In second term, the topics which are covered include Reproduction, Heredity and Evolution.

Life process:

             Life processes that take place in both plants and animals are covered under this topic. The topic life process includes nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion in plants and animals. Life process in animals include Digestive system which explains the role of digestive enzymes in the digestion of food. Respiratory system is divided into two types as Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and by-products carbon dioxide, water and energy whereas Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of the oxygen and by products are ethanol and carbon dioxide.

             Excretory system in animals is the taken place by the functions of nephron which is responsible for purification of blood and urine formation. Just like the life processes in animals, life process in plants is covered under this chapter. Topics such as Transportation of water and minerals, mechanism of Photosynthesis, Respiration during day and night, Excretion in plants, nutrition in plants and so on.

Control and coordination in animals and plants:

           When humans step out in the bright sunlight, they partly close their eyes due to the excessive brightness of sunlight. In addition to this, they may start sweating as the temperature rises. These are called as the coordinated responses to stimuli. This not only occurs in humans but also in plants and animals.

Reproduction:

       This chapter covers the reproduction process in both plants and animals. It covers many concepts like budding, fragmentation, spore formation and sexual reproduction in humans and plants.

Heredity and Evolution:

              This chapter deals with the relationship between our physical appearance and resemblance to our family members. Evolution can be defined as change in the characteristics of living organisms over generations.

Examples:

  1. Name the excretory unit of the kidney?

Answer: Nephron

  1. Explain the process of Photosynthesis in plants:

Answer: Photosynthesis is a process in which plants use sun light, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and water to synthesize food.

  1. Why does a plant cool the atmosphere? What is that term called as?

Answer: Transpiration

 

  • Effects of Current:

                     This chapter covers the basic topics under “Electricity” such as Ohm’s law, Resistance, Resistivity, Parallel combination of resistors and applications in daily life, electric power, heating effects of the current and its everyday applications, magnetic effects of electric current, etc. The region around the magnet where its influence or attraction is felt is called as the magnetic field of the magnet.

Examples:

  1. Define the unit of the current?

Answer: SI unit of the electric current is Ampere

  1. List any one property of the magnetic lines of force?

Answer: No two magnetic field lines intersect each other

 

  • Natural Phenomena:

         This covers the topics such as reflection of the light by the curved surfaces, mirror formula, concave mirror, convex mirror, reflection and refraction, focal length, principal focus, laws of refraction, etc. Reflection means change in the path of the wave when the bounce-off a barrier. Refraction of the waves means change in the direction of waves when they pass from one medium to another.

Examples:

  1. The radius of the curvature of the spherical mirror is 20 cm. What is its focal length?

Answer: 10 cm

  1. Name the mirror which can give you an erect and enlarged image of an object?

Answer: Concave mirror

 

  • Natural Resources:

                 In First Term it covers the topic such as Sources of energy and in the second Term it covers the topics such as regional environment, our environment and management of natural resources.

       Sources of energy:

                 This chapter is based on the concept that “Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be converted to one form to another”.

      Management of natural resources:

                 This covers the topics such as how to conserve and manage the natural resources such as Forest, wildlife, water and mineral. It explains about three R’s such as Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.

      Our environment:

                 It is a study of living things, non-living things, ecosystem, loss of energy in the environment and large number of environmental problems. An ecosystem is a study of interaction between living and non living organisms. Environmental problems arise due to non-biodegradable waste generated by the humans such as plastics, detergent, dyes which get settled into the soil and water bodies and harm our environment.

       Examples:

  1. What is a good fuel?

Answer: A good fuel is that which releases more heat during burning but do not cause any environmental problems.

  1. What are the qualities necessary for a good source of energy?

Answer:

  • It should be easily available
  • It should be easy to store and transport
  • In should not cause any environmental problems
  • It should be economical
  • It should have high calorific value
  1. In what way does a biodegradable substance effect the environment?

Answer: It gives foul smell, thus causing air pollution

  1. Examples for biodegradable and non biodegradable substances?

Answer:

Biodegradable: Vegetable waste, cotton, paper

Non-biodegradable: Plastic, glass and polythene

Thus, above are the topics which are covered under the syllabus of CBSE Class 10 Science.

 

CBSE Class 10 Mathematics Syllabus

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CBSE Class 10 Mathematics:

                     Just like the CBSE Class 9 Mathematics, CBSE Class 10 Mathematics syllabus is also divided into two terms such as Term 1 and Term 2. Term 1 covers the following syllabus such as:

  • Number systems
  • Algebra
  • Geometry
  • Trigonometry
  • Statistics

Term 2 syllabus are:

  • Algebra (Continued)
  • Geometry (Continued)
  • Trigonometry (Continued)
  • Probability
  • Coordinate geometry
  • Mensuration

The syllabus are in detail below:

  • Number systems:

                 This includes topics such as proof of irrationality, decimal representation of rational numbers, Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic, Euclid’s division lemma, etc.,

Fundamental theorem of arithmetic:

                 Any integer which is greater than one is either a prime number or can be expressed as a product of prime numbers and this factorization is unique except for the order in which the prime factor occurs.

Euclid’s Division lemma:

           Euclid’s Division lemma can be used to find out the HCF (Highest Common Factor) for any two positive integers for showing the common properties of numbers.

Theorems on rational numbers:

           These are the theorems which satisfies the following properties of rational numbers such as:

  1. The sum of any two rational number is rational
  2. The double of rational number is rational
  3. Every integer is a rational number

Theorems to prove that the number is irrational:

                       These are the theorems which prove that the number is irrational.

      Examples:

  1. Find the mode of the following data:
  • 120,110, 130,110,120,140, 130,120,140,120

         Answer: The mode is 120

  1. Find the largest positive integer that will divide 398, 436, and 542 leaving reminders 7, 11, 15 respectively.

Answer: 17

  1. If p is a prime number, then prove that √p as irrational:

 

  • Algebra:

                 In Term 1 it covers the topics such as Polynomials and Pair of linear equations in two variables whereas in Term 2 it covers the topics such as quadratic equation and arithmetic progression.

Polynomials:

       A polynomial is a mathematical expression that consists of variables and constants combined using addition, multiplication, subtraction and division. The degree of a polynomial is an exponent of the highest degree term.

For example: Constant polynomial is a polynomial of degree 0

                         Liner polynomial is a polynomial of degree 1

                         Quadratic polynomial is a polynomial of degree 2

                         Cubic polynomial is a polynomial of degree 3

       Here the topics such as zeroes of polynomials, relationship between zeroes and coefficient of quadratic polynomials, cubic polynomials, linear polynomials, statement and simple problems on division algorithm, etc.,

Pair of liner equations with two variables:

             A linear equation is an equation of algebraic expression which may consist either constants or variables. Similarly, linear equation for two variables is a form of ax + by + c=0, where x and y are variables, a, b and c are real numbers. The graph of a linear equation of two variables plotted on a Cartesian plane is a straight line.

Quadratic Equations:

           Just like the linear equations are expressed in the form of algebraic expression, a quadratic equation also can be expressed in the form of algebraic expression such as ax2+bx+c=0, where a not equal to zero. This covers the topics such as Roots of quadratic equation, solution of quadratic equation by factorization, solution of quadratic equation by completing the square, formulation of quadratic equation, etc.

Arithmetic progression:

           A sequence of a1, a2, a3…an is said to be an arithmetic progression if there is a constant difference between each successive terms which can be expressed as

A2-a1 = d,

A3-a2= d,

Where d is a common difference.

Examples:

  1. If (y-a) is a factor of f(y) then ______ is a zero of f(y).

Answer: a

  1. Cubic polynomial x=f(y) puts the y-axis at almost

Answer: Three points

  1. Every linear equation in two variables has _______ solutions.

Answer: Infinitely many

  1. Graph of every linear equation in two variables represent a _____

Answer: Straight line

  1. Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of whose squares is 365.

Answer: 13,14

 

  • Geometry:

       This covers the regular topics such as Triangles, circles and construction of geometrical objects.

Triangles:

 A Triangle which is a basic shape of geometry is a polygon with 3 sides and 3 vertices/corners. It is necessary to prove certain conditions in order to prove that two triangles are similar. Conditions such as AAA (Angle-angle-angle), AA (Angle-Angle), SSS (Side-Side-Side) must be satisfied in order to prove two triangles are equal.

Circles:

           A circle is a geometrical object which has no edges or corners. Any circle has a centre point and a circumference. A circumference is a set of all points at a fixed distance from the centre of the circle. Radius of a circle is measured as a distance between the centre of the circle to the circumference of the circle. Diameter of a circle is measured as two times the radius of the circle. Other topics which are covered under this chapter are Tangent of a circle, arc, chord, secant, sector and segments.

Construction of geometrical objects:

                 This is an important branch of Geometry which makes used of specific tools and instruments, specific rules and objects for the construction of Geometrical objects. This chapter covers different ways to construct the 2D objects using compass, ruler and protractor, etc.

       Examples:

  1. The areas of two isosceles triangles are in the ratio 16:25. The ratio of their corresponding heights is_______

Answer: 4 : 5

  1. The inner circumference of a circular track is 440m. The track is 14 m wide. Find the diameter of the outer circle of the track.

Answer: -168

  1. If quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle then prove that AB + CD =AD + BC.

 

  • Trigonometry:

         This includes the topics such as Introduction to Trigonometry, Trigonometrical identities, heights and distances in Trigonometry, etc. Trigonometry is a branch of the mathematics which deals with the measurement of angles and sides of a triangle and the problems that comes with the angles. The ratios of the sides of the Triangle with respect to its acute angle are called as Trigonometric ratios. If the trigonometric ratios of an angle of an equation are true for all the values of angle, then it is called as Trigonometric identity.

Examples:

1.The value of cosec 70° – sec 20° is ______

           Answer: 0

  1. A ladder 50 m long just reaches the top of the vertical wall. If the ladder makes an angle of 60 ° with the wall, what is the height of the wall?

           Answer: 25 m

 

  • Statistics and probability:

Statistics:

     There are three measures for central values of a given data such as Mean, Median and Mode. Problems related to Mean, Median and Mode are covered under this syllabus.

Probability:

Probability is a chance of occurrence of a given event. In other words, how likely an event is about to take place. For example, when we toss a coin, the probability of getting either head or tail is 50 %.

Examples:

  1. Questions based on calculating mean, median and mode are covered under the chapter of Statistics.
  2. The probability of an event that is certain to happen is_____

Answer: 1

 

  • Coordinate Geometry:

                 This is a part of geometry which guides to plot a point in the Cartesian plane. A Cartesian plane is a plane with a rectangular coordinate system that associates each point with a pair of numbers which are called as x-coordinate and y-coordinate respectively. X-coordinate measures the distance of the point from the y-axis which is also called as abscissa whereas the y-coordinate measures the distance of the point from the x-axis which is also called as ordinate.

Examples:

  1. What is the distance between the points A(c,0) and B(0,-c)?

Answer: √2 c

  1. Find the point on y-axis which is equidistant from the points (5,-2) and (-3,2).

Answer: (0,-2)

  • Mensuration:

                 This covers the topics such as areas related to the circles, surface areas and volumes, etc.,

Area of circles:

       This covers various topics such as perimeter and area of the circle, area of the sector and segment of the circle, areas of combination of plane figures, etc.,

Surface areas and volumes:

                     Surface area is the total measurement of the surface area covered by all the flat and covered surfaces of 3D objects. Volume is a measure of amount of space occupied by the 3D objects.

Examples:

  1. If the minute hand of a big clock is 1.05 m long, find the rate at which its tip is moving in cm per minute.

Answer: 11cm/min

  1. Find the perimeter of the figure, where AED is a semi-circle and ABCD is a rectangle.

Answer: 76 cm

Thus, these are the syllabus covered in the CBSE Class 10 Mathematics.

 

 

CBSE Class 9 Science Syllabus

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CBSE Class 9 Science :

                         The subject of Science is very important for a growing child since it drives the thinking power among the children. It enhances the skills such as creativity, objectivity, aesthetic sensibility and enquiry. In the primary stage of the school, students observe, draw, record observation and experiment the science subjects, etc.,

In the secondary stage, students are expected to extract ideas from the principles of science subjects, answer quantitative reasoning questions to occupy more central place in the learning and teaching of science.

CBSE Class 9 and 10 syllabuses are divides into two terms such as Term1 and Term 2.

Term 1:

  1. Matter-Its nature and behavior
  2. Organization in living world
  3. Motion, force and work
  4. Food and Food production

Term 2:

  1. Matter-Its nature and behavior (Continued)
  2. Organization in the living world (Continued)
  3. Motion, force and work (Continued)
  4. Our environment

The above syllabus is in detail below:

 

  • Matter-Its nature and behavior:

     This chapter is covered in both first term and second term. Matter is commonly said to exist in four states such as solid, liquid, gas and plasma. In both Physics and Chemistry matter exhibits both wave like and particle like properties which is so called particle duality.

Term 1 covers the topics such as definition of matter, states of matter, characteristics, condensation and sublimation, Nature of matter.

Term 2 covers the topics such as Particle, nature and basic units, mole concepts and structure of atom.

Nature of matter:

               A molecule consists of two or more atoms belonging to the same elements or different elements which are clinically bound together. In this way let us define elements, compounds and mixtures as below;

Elements:

         An element is which cannot be broken down into simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical processes.

Compounds:

             A compound can be broken into simpler types of matter by chemical means and not by physical means.

Mixtures:

         It can be separated into its components by physical means.

Particles, nature and basic units:

                   An atom is the smallest particle which can exist independently and retain its chemical properties. A molecule is also a smallest particle of an element which can also exist independently and can exist even under ordinary conditions.

Structure of atom:

       An atom can be defined as smallest particle of a chemical substance that can exist. An atom consists of sub atomic particles such as neutrons, electrons, and protons. Protons and neutrons form the central core of the atom which is called as nucleus. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed orbits at a great speed.

 

Examples:

  1. What are canal rays?

Answer: E.Goldstein discovered positively charged rays which are called as canal rays.

  1. If an atom contains one electron and one proton, will it carry any charge or not?

Answer: The atom will not contain any charge.

  1. Hydrogen and Oxygen combine in the ratio 1:8 by mass to form water. What mass of oxygen gas would be required to react completely with 3g of hydrogen gas?

Answer: 24 g

  1. Write any two characteristics of particles of matter?

Answer:

  • Particles of matter have a gap between them
  • Particles of matter are continuos in motion
  1. What is a substance?

Answer: A substance can be defined as a matter where constituent particles cannot be separated from each other by any other physical process.

 

  • Organization in living world:

             Just like the first chapter, this chapter is also covered in both term 1 and term 2. In term 1 the topics which are covered are Basic units of life, tissues, organs, organ system, organism, etc. In term 2 the topics which are covered are biological diversity, health and diseases.

Structure and function of cell:

                     All living organisms such as plants, humans and animals are made up of small structures called as cells. If the organism has single cell it is called as single cellular organism whereas if the organism has multiple cell it is called as multi-cellular organism.

Tissues:

               The group of cells performing similar type of functions is called as tissues. These tissues can be classified as plant and animal tissues. Plant tissue can be divided into two types Meristematic, permanent tissue. Animal tissue can be divided into Epethelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue.

Biological diversity:

                 The biological world can be vastly diversified and classified. Plants or animals can be classified according to their order, family, genus, species, binomial nomenclature.

Health and diseases:

             This chapter deals with various health related topic and diseases caused to the living organisms due to several factors. It covers diseases caused by the microbes, bacteria, virus and the prevention tips to safeguard from those harmful microbes.

Examples:

  1. What is a tissue?

Answer: A group of cells that are same in origin and can perform some specialized function is called as tissue.

  1. In what basis plants and animals are put into different categories?

Answer: On the basis of mode of nutrition

 

  • Motion, force and work:

               In term 1 it covers the topics such as Motion, Newton’s law, force and gravitation. In term 2 it covers floatation, work, energy and power, sound.

Laws of Motion:

       The study of relationships between motion, force and energy is called as mechanics.

Force: Force is a push or pull that can change the current state of motion of an object

Motion: It can be defined as an action or the process of moving or being moved.

Energy: Energy can be defined as the ability to do work or elicit change in matter.

There are three important Newton’s Laws of motion such as below:

First law of motion: This is called as law of inertia. This states that any object will stay in motion until acted upon by an outside force.

Second law of motion: The second law can be defined as Force equals to mass and inertia. F= ma

Third law of motion: For every action there is equal and opposite reaction.

Work, energy, power:

           Work results when a force acts upon the object to cause the displacement. Energy is the capability of doing work. Power is the ability to do something or act in a particular way.

Sound:

       This is a form of energy which comes from the vibrations. These vibrations create sound waves that can travel through the air and water before reaching our ears.

Examples:

  1. Distinguish between speed and velocity?

Answer: Speed is the distance travelled by it per unit time.

Velocity is the displacement per unit time of the body during movement.

  1. From a riffle of mass 4 kg, a bullet of mass 50g is fired with an initial velocity of 35ms-1. Calculate the initial recoil velocity of the riffle.

Answer: v = -0.44m/s

  1. Why sound waves are called as mechanical waves?

Answer: Sound waves need a medium for the propagation. Thus, we can say that they are mechanical waves.

 

  • Food and food production:

         This chapter deals with the importance of food and food production, increase in crop production and animal food.

Improvement in the crop yield:

               The improvement of the crop yield can be made in number of ways by harvesting, weeding crop protection, preparation of qualified soil, harvesting and finally storage.

Food from the animals:

           The breeding, feeding and caring animals for food is called as animal husbandry which includes sericulture, apiculture, pisiculture, poultry farming and livestock farming, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Name few macronutrients?

Answer: Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulphur, magnesium.

  1. What are the factors responsible for the losses of grains during storage?

Answer: Abiotic fators which are unfavourable conditions of humidity and temperature

Biotic factors are factors such as insects, rodents, bacteria, fungi that feed affect the grains.

 

  • Our environment:

       This chapter is covered in the second term of the CBSE Class 10 Science subject. The topics which are covered under this are Physical resources, bio-geo chemical cycles in nature.

Physical resources:

             Air, water and soil are the physical resources which are very important factors for our environment.

This module explains about the classification, consumption of these resources and factors that deplete our environment.

Examples:

  1. What is the major source of fresh water in village, city and twon?

Answer: Rain water, water from lakes, ponds, pools, dams,etc.,

  1. List any one human activity that may cause air pollution?

Answer: Usage of harmful chemicals such as CFC’s and aerosols.

Thus, the above are the topics which are covered under the syllabus of CBSE Class 9 Science .

CBSE Class 9 Mathematics Syllabus

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CBSE Class 9 Mathematics:

           This is a little higher grade of class which consists of many advanced topics like coordinate geometry, herons formula, Trigonometry, Graphical representation of data, etc., in Mathematics. As per the terms of conditions of CCE (Continuos and Comprehensive Evaluation), the syllabus of CBSE Class 9 and Class 10 has been divided term wise. Each units in both terms will be assessed through Formative and summative assessment. Each term carries two formative assessment each carrying 10% of weightage. It has been declared that the summative assessment for term 1 carries 30% of weightage and summative assessment for the term 2 carries same 30% of weightage.

Let us check the chapters in CBSE Class 9 Mathematics below:

Term 1:

  • Numbers:
  • Geometry
  • Coordinate Geometry
  • Mensuration
  • Algebra

Term 2:

  • Algebra (Continued from Term 1)
  • Geometry (Continued from Term 1)
  • Mensuration (Continued from Term 1)
  • Statistics
  • Probability

Thus, let us see the chapters one by one:

 

  • Numbers:

     As this is the first chapter in all the classes, CBSE Class 9 also includes “Numbers” chapter as the first and foremost chapter. This covers the topics widely as natural numbers, real numbers, rational numbers, terminating / non-terminating recurring decimals, nth root of a real number, etc.

     A set of all rational and irrational numbers are called as real numbers. A number which cannot be represented in the form of p/q, where p and q are integers and q not equal to 0. The decimal expansion of a number is its representation in base 10 of decimal system.

Examples:

  1. The value of 21/3 * 24/3 = ___

Answer: ½

  1. √8 is equal to _______

Answer: 2√2

  1. Find 6 rational numbers between 6/5 and 7/5.

Answer: 61/50,62/50,63/50,64/50,65/50,66/50

 

  • Geometry:

       Just like other classes general topics on Geometry like lines and angles, triangles, circles, quadrilaterals, etc. Another special topic is covered under this chapter which is known as “Euclidean Geometry”. Euclidean Geometry is a mathematical system where geometrical results are proved based on the previously proved results and assumptions called axioms. There are different axioms and theorems based on the Euclidean Geometry.

       In first term, Geometry includes Euclid’s Geometry, Lines & Angles and Triangles whereas in the second term the chapters of Geometry are Quadrilaterals, Area, Circles and construction.

Examples:

  1. The edges of a plane surface:

Answer: Line

  1. Given four points in which no three of them are collinear, then there exists.

Answer: 6 Lines

  1. Which is the correct statement in the following?
  • The line segment has one and only end point
  • Three points are said to be collinear if they lie on the same line
  • Two lines are coincident if they have one point in common
  • The ray AB is same as the ray BA

             Answer: Two lines are said to be collinear if they lie on the same line

  1. Two angles of triangles are 65 degree and 45 degree respectively. Find the third angles.

Answer: 70 degree

  1. Using the Heron’s formula find the area of the triangle whose sides are 3cm, 4cm and 10 cm.

Answer: 24 sq cm

 

  • Coordinate Geometry:

     This is a chapter which deals how to plot a point in a plane when its coordinates are given. The Cartesian plane is a plane with a rectangular coordinate system that associates each point in the plane with a pair of numbers.

     The two numbers are called as x-coordinate which measures the distance of the point from y-axis and y coordinate which measures the distance of the point from the x-axis. This chapter is covered only during the term 1 of CBSE Class 9 Mathematics.

Examples:

  1. The point (0,-5) lies on

Answer: -Ve y-axis

  1. The distance of the point from the (3,0) from the x-axis

Answer: 3 Units

  1. Which of the following points belongs to x-axis?
  • (2,0)
  • (3,3)
  • (0,1)
  • (-2,0)

               Answer: (2,0) and (-2,0) belongs to x-axis

 

  • Mensuration:

   This includes topics such as Area of triangle using Heron’s formula, Area of quadrilateral and its application and so on. This chapter is covered during the term 1 and term 2 of CBSE Class 9 Mathematics.

Examples:

  1. Find the area of Equilateral triangle whose side is 12 cm

Answer: 36√3 sq cm

  1. The perimeter of a Rhombus ABCD is 80 cm. Find the area of the Rhombus if its diagonal BD measures 12 cm.

Answer: 228.8 sq cm

  1. Find the area of isosceles Triangle whose equal sides is 6cm, 6cm and 8 cm.

Answer: 17.8 sq cm

 

  • Algebra:

                 The topics which are covered in the first term of Algebra are Polynomials whereas in the second term it covers Linear equations in two variables. The topics which are covered are definition of polynomials, its coefficients, its counter examples, degree of polynomial, constant, linear, quadrilateral and cubic polynomials. The topics which are covered in the second term are linear equations with one variable, linear equations with two variables, graph of linear equations, etc.

       Examples:

  1. The degree of a constant function is ______

Answer: 0

  1. If x+y+x=0, then x3+y3+z3 is

Answer: 2xyz

  1. Evaluate 105 * 95

Answer: 9975

 

  • Statistics:

           This chapter includes introduction to the statistics, representation of collection of data in a tabular form, ungrouped and grouped charts, bar charts, frequency polygons, mean, median and mode of ungrouped data. This chapter is covered during the second term of CBSE Class Mathematics.

Examples:

  1. What is the upper class limit of the class 37-43?

Answer: 43

  1. What is the class size of the intervals 10-20?

Answer: 10

  1. Find the sum of the deviations from the variety of values 3,4,6,8,14 from their mean.

Answer: 0

  • Probability:

           The probability is a chance of occurrence of a given event which means that how likely that an event can take place. For better understanding, if we toss a coin, the probability of getting either head or tail is 50% chance. The topics which are covered under this chapter are definition of probability, examples of probability, real life examples of probability and so on. This chapter is covered under the second term of CBSE Class 9 Mathematics.

Examples:

  1. What is the probability of a number greater than 6 for a single row of a die?

Answer: 0

  1. A coin is tossed two times. What is the probability of getting two at most 2 heads?
  • ¼
  • ½
  • ¾
  • None of these

             Answer: None of these

  1. A card is drawn from a pack of cards. Find the probability that it is queen?

Answer: 1/13

       Thus, above topics sare the syllabus of CBSE Class 9 Mathematics.

CBSE Class 8 Science Syllabus

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CBSE Class 8 Science:

                 This is a syllabus of elementary standard 8th in CBSE. This covers various topics such as

  1. Food
  2. Materials
  3. The world of living
  4. Moving things, people and ideas
  5. How things work?
  6. Natural Phenomena

 

  • Food:

               This covers various topics under “Food” such as crop production, basic practices in crop production, preparation of soil for cultivation, selection of seeds and sowing techniques, importance of manures and fertilizers, process of irrigation, weeding, harvesting and its importance, methods of storage of water for irrigation, food from animals, microorganisms, etc.

Generally, Agriculture is the cultivation of crops to provide food for all life forms. For such cultivation, soil must be replenished with the nourished manures and fertilizers which can help the seeds to germinate and grow into saplings. Also, enough amounts of other nutrients and water must be supplied at the regular intervals.

Irrigation:

               The proper water supply to the plants according to its type and the season is called as irrigation. There are two types of irrigation such as Traditional irrigation and modern irrigation. Traditional irrigation is the standard method which is done with the help of human labors and animals. This is one of the cheapest irrigation methods which are done with the help of chain pump, moat and rahat. Modern irrigation method is a modern method of supplying water to the crops at the regular interval. This requires solar power or bio gas to automatically sprinkle water to the crops without any wastage.

How to protect the crop?

                Crops are prone to the attacks of pests and insects. Thus, it is necessary to take required steps to protect the crop at the right time. Insects are the six leg organisms which cause heavy loss to the crops whereas pests are the organisms which cause diseases in crop plants. These can be controlled by spraying insecticides and pesticides which can prevent crops from such pests and insects.

Weeding:

   The process of removing waste plants is called as weeding. Weeds If present always compete with the healthy crops in obtaining water, sunlight and nutrients. Thus, it is necessary to remove the weeds or unnecessary crops. Weeding can either be done manually by using harrow before they produce flowers and seeds or it can be tilled along with the soil to kill them. Weeds can also be destroyed by using weedicides which are poisonous to the human beings.

Harvesting:

           The process of cutting the mature crop to gather the grains is called as harvesting. This can either be done manually by using a sickle or using a harvestor.

Threshing:

           It is the process of separating the grains from the straw and chaff. A machine called thresher is used for this purpose.

Winnowing:

         It is the process of natural wind to flow through the grains so that the lighter substances fly away allowing heavier substance falling to the ground.

Animal Husbandry:

                           Breeding and rearing living organisms like cow, goat for the food and other products from them. For example dairy products, poultry farming, pisiculture, sericulture, piggery, etc.,

       Examples:

  1. Give two examples for each type of crops:
  • Kharif crop:
  • Rabi crop:

             Answer:

  • Maize and paddy
  • Wheat and pea
  1. Name the microorganism which can fix the atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.

Answer: Rhizobium, azatobactor, Blue green algae, etc.

 

  • Materials:

       This covers various topics such as Synthetic fibers and plastics, metals and non metals, coal and petroleum, combustion and flame, etc.

Synthetic fibers and plastics:

           There are different types of fibers available such natural and synthetic fibers. Cotton is a natural fiber which is obtained from the cotton plant whereas synthetic fibers are the man-made fibers which are prepared by the many raw materials such as petrochemicals. Synthetic fibers are made up of many small units which combine to form large unit called as a polymer. Plastics are the polymers which consist of very long molecules each composed of carbon atoms linked in chains.

Metals and non-metals:

       Metals are hard, strong and durable which is made used in many machineries, trains, automobiles, aeroplanes, water boiler, etc., However not all metals are hard and strong. Sodium and potassium are soft metals which can be cut with a knife whereas mercury is a liquid. Metals are very good conductors of heat. Non metals exist in three states such as solids, liquids and gas. Non metals do not conduct electricity and heat except graphite.

Coal and petroleum:

                   Animals and plants are drifted down to the earth after their death and decomposed to form peat. Coal was formed due to the compression of peat at high temperature and pressure. Coal is the world’s most abundant fossil fuel. Petroleum is formed from the compressed organic matter which is a dark and oily liquid with an unpleasant odour. As petroleum is lighter than that of water, the deposits of petroleum occur above the water level.

Combustion and flame:

   Combustion is a chemical process which gives off heat when reacting with oxygen. Such substances are called as combustible substances. Example of such substances are LPG, Kerosene, petrol, etc. There are three types of combustion such as rapid combustion, spontaneous combustion and explosion. The substances which vaporizes while burning produced flames. Kerosene oil and molten wax are the substances that give flame while burning. There are two types of flames such as luminous flames and non-luminous flames.

Examples:

  1. Name the petroleum product which can surface the road.

Answer: Bitumen

  1. List the conditions under which combustion can take place?

Answer: Inflammable substance, ignition temperature and Air

  • The world of living:

           These covers the topics such as conservation of plants and animals, cell structure and functions, reproduction in animals, etc.

Conservation of plants and animals:

          Conservation of forest refers to the prevention and maintenance of animals and plants species and protecting them from various threats. Forest can be conserved by maintaining biosphere reserves, wild life sanctuaries, national and zoological parks and botanical gardens.

Cell structure and function:

                     Cell is a structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Every cell in the body is meant to have some basic function. For example, alveolar is an example of single cell. A group of cells which combine to perform similar function is said to be a tissue. A structure of the cell is made up of cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and the cell organelles.

Cell wall:

               This is present in the structure of a plant cell which gives basic strength and rigidity to the plant body and stands erect during all environmental conditions.

Cell membrane:

           This is a biological membrane which separates interior of the cells from the outside environment.

Cytoplasm:

         It is a jelly like fluid which is present between the nucleus and cell membrane. Cytoplasm is a site of protein synthesis. Almost all metabolic reactions take place in cytoplasm.

Cell organelles:

       These are the living structures which float in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Reproduction in animals:

           This chapter widely covers the topics such as sexual and asexual reproduction in animals, Oviparous and viviparous animals.

Sexual and asexual reproduction in animals:

       Reproduction is a process of developing own species. This can take place in all living organisms such as humans, animals and plants. There are two types of reproduction. They are sexual and asexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction:

               This type of reproduction involves two organisms such as male and female. Reproductive organs of female produces egg (ovum) whereas the male reproductive organs produce sperm. A zygote is the future individual formed by the fusion of egg and sperm.

Asexual Reproduction:

                 This is a type of reproduction where single parent gives rise to the offspring. Animals reproduce asexually by different process such as binary fission, budding, regeneration, cloning and fragmentation.

Oviparous and viviparous animals:

               Oviparous animals are the animals which can lay eggs. For example: Hen, Frog, Fish, etc., These types of animals undergo external fertilization.

Viviparous animals are the animals which give birth to the young ones. For example, Lion, cat and humans. These types of animals undergo internal fertilization.

Examples:

  1. A place where animals are protected in their natural habitats is called as ________

Answer: Wild life sanctuary

  1. Where does the internal fertilization occur in humans?

Answer: Female body

 

  • Moving things, ideas and people:

    This chapter covers various topics such as force, pressure, friction and sound. Let’s check one by one.

Force:

           An interaction of one object with the other object results in force between two objects. Force has both magnitude and direction. The SI unit of force is Newton.

Pressure:

          Thrust which is a force acted on an object (perpendicular to its surface) acting per unit surface area is called as pressure. The SI unit of pressure is Newton per square meter. (N/m2).

Friction:

   Friction is a type of force which opposes the relative motion between two surfaces of objects in contact.

Sound:

       Sound is a form of energy which causes sensation of hearing. Sound can be heard from all possible objects around us. They are produced from the vibrations caused in the object.

Examples:

  1. Give an example of a situation in which applied force causes a change in the shape of an object.

Answer: Inflated balloon

  1. Sound can travel through _______

Answer: Air, liquids and solids

 

  • How things work?

           This chapter covers topics such as conductivity of liquids and chemical effect of electric current.

Conductivity of liquids:

         Materials through which electric current can pass is called as conductors. Those materials which pass electric current through them are called as good conductors of electricity whereas those materials which do not allow electric current to pass through them are called as bad conductor of electricity.

          Pure water or distilled water is a poor conductor of electricity but if any impurities present in the water, it turns to good conductor of electricity.

Chemical effect of electric current:

           When an electric current is passed through a conducting solution chemical reactions are formed. This is known as chemical effect of electric current. Examples of chemical effects of electric current are:

  • Formation of bubbles of gas on the electrodes
  • Change in the color of solutions
  • Deposition of metals in electrodes

Examples:

  1. When the free ends of the tester are dipped into the solution, the magnetic needle shows the deflection. Why is it so?

Answer: It is because the solution conducts electricity and the solution plays the rule of the cell.

  1. Which of the following cannot be easily charged by friction?
  • A plastic scale
  • A woolen cloth
  • An inflated balloon
  • A Copper rod

 Answer: A copper rod

 

  • Natural Phenomena:

This covers the topic such as Lighting, protection from lightning, earthquakes, etc.,

Lightning:

         Lightning is occurred when friction occurs between water and droplets found in the atmosphere. In other words, lightning is cause due to the heavy electric discharge from the clouds to the earth.

 

Earthquakes:

             A sudden violent shaking of the ground which causes great disaster to the earth.

Examples:

  1. Which of the following is not a green gas?
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Sulphur dioxide
  • Nitrogen
  • Methane

Answer: Sulphur dioxide

  1. State the laws of reflection?

Answer: The angle of incident is equal to the angle of reflection. The ray of incidence, the ray of reflection and the normal point of incidence lie in the same plane.

Thus, the above are the topics which are covered under the CBSE Class 8 Science.

 

CBSE Class 8 Mathematics Syllabus

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CBSE Class 8 Mathematics:

              Just like other CBSE classes, Class 8 has its unique way of structure of syllabus which helps student to understand the topics better. Since the syllabus are designed by the expert teachers, it is always easy for the students at the level of class 8 to understand their topics better.

Lets check out the syllabus of CBSE Class 8 Mathematics below:

 

  • Numbers:

       The chapter “Numbers” covers the syllabus just as that of the previous classes. It includes all basic and important features of “numbers” such as Exponent and powers, rational numbers, even and odd numbers, playing with numbers and factorization. Among this, the newest topics which are added for the CBSE Class 8 level are Square and square root, cube and cube root, playing with numbers, etc.,

Rational numbers:

                 Rational numbers are the numbers which can be expressed in the form of quotient or fraction of two integers. A number is generally said to be a rational number if the numbers in the fraction (for ex) p/q are integers and q is not equal to zero it is said to be a rational number. In other words, it is also expressed as a ratio between two numbers.

Exponents and powers:

                 Exponent can be defined as number of times a number multiplied by itself. Exponents can be expressed as XY where x is a number and y is the power or exponent.

For example, 24 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 2

Squares and square roots:

                 This can be explained as the number raised to the power of 2. In other words, when we multiply a number by itself it is said to be a square of a number. Similarly, a square root of a number x can be explained as the value which when multiplied by itself gives the number x.

For example, 2 is the square root of 4.

Cubes and cube roots:

                 Just like the square root of a number, we can also find out the cube root of a number by just raising the number to the power 3. In other words, the cube root of a number x when multiplied by itself 3 times we get the number x. The topics which are covered under this chapter are Finding the cube of a number, finding cube root of a perfect cubes, cube roots of perfect integers, cube roots of product of integers, cube roots of rational numbers, etc.,

Example for a cube root of 27 = 3 * 3 *3

Playing with numbers:

                This is a chapter which is a fun to solve. This includes topics like finding the patterns of a number, properties and divisibility of a number, a number is said to be divisible by another number when the remainder is zero and so on. Interesting topics which are covered under this chapter are playing Sudoku, magic squares, puzzles, interchanging digits of a number, cryptograms and so on.

        Examples:

  1. Find the multiplicative inverse of 25?

Answer: 1/25

  1. What will be the number of zeroes in the square of 5000?

Answer: 6

  1. Find the square of 39?

Answer: 1521

  1. Find the cube root of 175616.

Answer: 56

  1. What is the rational number that does not have a reciprocal?

Answer: 0

 

  • Algebra:

             A collection of symbols and numbers in an equation and solving them together is called as Algebra. Lot of introduction on Algebra is given in the previous classes and thus in the class 8, advanced concepts like division of algebraic expressions, solving linear equations, etc., are covered.

Identities in Algebra:

               One of the newest topics which has been added in the class 8 is “Identities” of algebra. There are three identities namely

  • Identity 1: Multiplication of monomials
  • Identity 2: Multiplication of a monomial and binomial
  • Identity 3: Multiplication of two binomials

         The other topics which are covered under this chapter are knowing the difference between an equation and identity, multiplication of monomials and polynomials, multiplication of binomials and monomials, etc.,

Factorization:

             Factorization is a process of splitting up an algebraic expression into one or more     factors. Topics which are covered under this are common factors and greatest common factor of monomials, factorization of binomial common factor, factorization of grouping the terms, etc.,

Division of algebraic expression:

                     This covers different topics like division of a monomial with same monomial number, division of polynomial with binomial number, division of polynomial with one variable and division of polynomial by using factorization.

Linear equations:

                         This topic covers introduction to the linear equation, solving linear equation with one variable, finding root of an equation, application and solution of a linear equation, cross multiplication method for solving equations, etc.,

 

Examples:

  1. Solve -36y3 % 9y2 = __

Answer: -4y

  1. In the expression which have the factors of the type (x+a)(x+b), remember the numerical term gives _______

Answer: ab

  1. Which of the following is the monomial?
  • 2x+7
  • 4x +y
  • 3a
  • 3x+5y+7

   Answer: 3a

 

  • Ratio and proportion:

Little advanced problems in ratio and proportion chapter are introduced in class 8. Problems on profit and loss, percentage, discount tax and overhead expenses are covered in this chapter. Other topics which are covered as calculating simple and compound interest, direct variation, inverse variation, time and work problems, etc.

Simple and compound interest:

                     Simple interest means interest calculated on certain amount of money borrowed in a specific period of time. The borrower of the money has to pay back the original principal amount plus the interest amount. It is usually for shorter periods. Compound interest is usually calculated for longer periods. Compound interest is an interest that is added to the principal amount after a specified time period and then the interest is calculated for that new principal amount.

Direct and inverse proportions:

               In a ratio of x:y, if y increases when x increases it is said to be direct proportion whereas y decreases when x increases it is said to be inverse proportion.

Time and work:

                 This is rather an important topic which mainly divided into two variations such as direct and indirect variations. Two variables are said to be “directly variable” if increase in one quantity leads to the corresponding increase in the other quantity. Two variables are said to be “indirectly variable” if increase in one quantity leads to the corresponding decrease in the other quantity.

Examples:

  1. Find the ratio of Rs.6 to 50 paise.

Answer: 12:1

  1. ________ means comparing two quantities.

Answer: Ratio

  1. Write the expression using the exponents: 25 * 25* 25

Answer: 253

  1. The cost of 5 metres of a satin cloth is Rs.210. Find the sot of 15 metres of same type of cloth.

Answer: Rs.630

  1. If 15 workers can build a wall in 48 hours, how many workers are required to do the same work in 30 hours.

Answer: 24

 

  • Geometry:

         As this has become important chapter in the previous classes of CBSE, class 8 covers more important topics under Geometry. This covers various topics like understanding the shapes, properties of different objects like polygon, parallelogram, quadrilateral, etc.,

Understanding polygons:

             A polygon is a closed figure formed by the line segments. There are different types of polygons such as Convex polygon, concave polygon and regular polygon.          

Understanding Quadrilaterals:

           Quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides and four vertices. Examples of polygons are squares, rhombus and trapezium.

Representing 3 dimensional objects in 2 D:

                 This covers various topics such as drawing 2 D objects in 3 Dimensional form, counting vertices, edges, faces and verifying Euler’s relations, etc.,

Examples:

  1. A two dimensional shape is a ______ shape.

Answer: Plane

  1. How many edges are there in a triangular pyramid?

Answer: 6

  1. State the name of the regular polygon of 4 sides.

Answer: Quadrilateral

  1. The diagonals of a _____ are perpendicular bisectors of each other.

Answer: Square

  1. State true of false for the following:
  • All squares are not parallelograms

             Answer: False

  • Mensuration:

           This is calculation of volume, area and perimeter of an object. Total boundary sizes covered by an object is said to be perimeter whereas total surface covered by an object is called as Area. Similarly, total amount of space occupied by the 3-D figure is called as volume. This chapter covers many topics like calculating volume of many 3D objects such as cubes, cuboids, prism, pyramid and others.

Examples:

  1. Find the side of a cube whose surface area is 2400 cm2.

Answer:20 cm

  1. What is the volume of a cuboid?

Answer: L *B * H

 

  • Introduction to graphs:

            Graphs concepts are introduced in this level of CBSE Class 8. Concepts such as axes, Cartesian plane, plotting points from different kinds of situation, reading off from the graphs, reading off linear graphs, reading distance vs time graphs, etc., are covered under this chapter.

Examples:

  1. On which axis does the points (5,0) lie?

Answer: X-axis

  1. In which quadrant does the point P(-8,1) lie?

Answer: IV

Thus, above topics are the syllabus of CBSE Class 8 Mathematics.

CBSE Class 7 Science Syllabus

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CBSE Class 7 Science:

     The syllabus of CBSE Class 7 Science can be divided into many topics such as

  • Food
  • Materials
  • The world of living
  • Moving things, people and ideas
  • Natural Phenomena

These topics in detail are below:

 

  • Food:

       This chapter concentrates on how plants and animals get their food, how do animals utilize their food, types of nutrition, nutrition in amoeba and human beings, etc.,

Nutrients in plants:

         Each and every organism like plants, microbes, animals and humans require nutrients like vitamin, proteins, fat, and carbohydrates in some form. These nutrients help the plants to grow and repair their own damaged parts. Unlike humans and animals, plants obtain their nutrition by various modes such as autotrophic mode or heterotrophic mode. Autotrophic mode is a mode which can synthesize their foods by the process of photosynthesis. Heterotrophic mode is a mode which cannot synthesize their own foods and depend upon other organism for their nutrition.

Nutrition in animals:

             This is widely divided as digestion in animals, digestion in ruminants and digestion in amoeba.

Digestion in animals:

           Animals cannot synthesize their own food and thus depend upon other organisms like plants or other smaller animals for food. Based on the food consumed, the animals can be classified as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Thus animals exhibit heterotrophic mode of nutrition.

Digestion in ruminants:

       Ruminants are nothing but herbivores or grass eating animals. Plants cells contains rich source of cellulose which is an important component in the diet of these herbivores animals. Humans cannot digest this cellulose. The special things about ruminants are, they swallow the food without chewing and then bring it back from the stomach and chew it leisurely.

Digestion in amoeba:

             Amoeba is a microscopic unicellular organism. They are found under the bottom of the fresh waters, ponds, pools, gutters, and in muddy waters. Amoeba is an omnivores organism which feeds on microbes, plants and other smaller organism. Amoeba does not possess any mouth but has a sense of ability to find out which are food particles and which are not. An amoeba engulfs its prey along with a droplet of water in the food vacuole inside the cytoplasm.

Examples:

  1. Why do the organisms need food?

Answer: Organisms need food build their body, get energy, repair and maintain the functions of the body.

  1. State true or false:
  • Digestion of the starch starts in stomach? (T/F)

             Answer: False

 

  • Materials:

                   This chapter covers the topics such as where does our clothing come from, what types of animals are reared to make woolen cloths, What clothes keep us warm, what is heat, temperature, different kinds of materials, classification of substances into acidic, basic and neutral indicators, etc.

Animal fiber-wool and silk:

               Silk is a cloth material which keeps us warm during the winter season. Silk is a product which is extracted from the animal or insect called silkworm. Just like silk, wool is also a cloth material which is extracted from the sheeps and goats. It was the first fibre to run into yarn, and it provides more warmth than any other animal fibres.

Temperature and heat:

         Temperature is a measure of degree of hotness of the body. The SI unit of temperature is Kelvin (K). The instrument that is used to measure the temperature is Thermometer. When an object is at a different temperature than its surroundings, slowly heat transfer takes place turning the object’s temperature same as that of the surroundings. There are three modes of heat transfer such as convection, conduction and radiation.

Acids, bases and Indicators:

       Substances can be classified as acids, bases and neutrals. The chemical nature of any substance which is sour is called as acidic substance. For example: curd

Bases are the substances which taste bitter. They are slippery to touch. For example, soap and lime water. Neutral substance is a substance which does not show acidic or base properties and said to be neutral in nature. Indicators are the substances which are used to test whether the substance is acidic or basic in nature.

Examples:

  1. Ammonium is found in many household products such as window cleaners, etc. It has a nature of turning red litmus to blue. What is the nature of substance called?

             Answer: Basic

  1. Is the distilled water acidic/basic or neutral?

Answer: Neutral

 

  • The world of living:

               This chapter covers the topics such as climate, soil types, adaption of animals to different climate, respiration in plants and animals, herbs, trees and transport of water in trees, excretory system in animals, reproduction system in plants and animals, etc.

Weather and climate:

           The day-to-day conditions of a surrounding atmosphere with the respect to the elements like temperature, heat, moisture, rainfall and wind speed is called as a weather of that place.

          The average weather pattern taken over a long period is called as a climate of that place. There are different types of climates according different places. They are

  • Dry climate
  • Moist tropical climate
  • Humid middle latitude climate
  • Continental climate
  • Cold climate

Winds, Thunderstorms, Cyclones:

         The natural movement of air, generally in a more furious way blowing in a particular direction is called as wind. Thunderstorm is a storm with a thunder and lightning accompanied with heavy rain. They occur due to the convection of air in the hot and humid tropical areas. Cyclone is a natural calamity which is caused due to difference in the air pressure in the atmosphere. It may develop over the sea and may cause severe damages to the land area with a violently rotating wind.

Soil types and its properties:

         Soil is an upper layer of the earth’s crust which is usually composed of a mixture of organic remains, clay and rock particles. There are few important properties of soil such as Absorption of water, moisture in the soil, percolation rate of water in the soil.

Respiration in organisms:

         Respiration is a process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling waste products such as carbon dioxide. It takes place in two types as external respiration and internal respiration. External respiration is also called as breathing which involves inhalation and exhalation. Inhalation is the process of taking in air rich in oxygen whereas exhalation is breathing out air rich in carbon dioxide.

Reproduction in plants:

         Reproduction is a process of developing their offspring or producing their young ones. Reproduction in plants takes place asexually and sexually. Sexual mode of reproduction takes place between two organisms of opposite sex. Reproductive organs in the plants produce gametes-Ovules (Eggs) and pollen grains. Asexual mode of reproduction is a type of reproduction in which single parent is involved to produce the new off spring. In other words, it can be said as growth of new plant from the existing plant other than the seed.

     Examples:

  1. Name the elements that determine the weather of a place?

Answer: Temperature, rainfall and humidity

  1. The water holding capacity is highest in _____type of soil?

Answer: Clayey soil

 

  • Moving things, people and ideas:

       This covers the topics such as time and measurement of time using periodic events and motion of objects.

Time and speed:

       Speed and time can be calculated by a formula such as Speed = Distance / time whereas Time= Distance/ Speed. The SI unit of speed is metre (m) and SI unit of Time is Second. The instruments that are used to measure time is mechanical clocks and simple pendulum.

Graphs:

               A graph is a pictorial representation of given sets of datas. Graph makes clear understanding of the datas given instead of any other form. There are different types of graphs such as bar charts, pie charts, line graphs, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Every object moves with a constant speed? Correct or incorrect?

Answer: Incorrect

  1. A simple pendulum takes 32 s to complete 20 oscillations. What is the time period of the pendulum?

Answer: Time period: 1.6 seconds

 

  • How things work?

     This covers the various topics such as Electric current and its effects, working of an electric bell, a current carrying coil behaves like a magnet, etc.

Electric components:

           There are different electrical components available such as cell, switch, wire, bulb, battery, etc., Different symbols are used to represent different components in an electrical circuit. For example, wire allows to current flow from one part of the circuit to another, similarly switch has an operation called ON or OFF. When switch is off current is not transferred into the electrical circuit. Thus, each electrical component has its own functions to perform.

 

Heating effects of the electric current:

             Naturally when an electric current flows through the wire, the wire gets heated up. This is called as heating effects of the electric current. There are factors such as length and thickness of the wire, material of the wire which may affect heating up of the wire.

 

Magnetic effect of the electric current:

                   When an electric current flows through the wire, the wire behave like a magnet. This is called as magnetic effect of the current. Always a magnetic field is created around the current carrying wire in a given circuit.

 

Examples:

  1. Name any two effects of electric current?

Answer: Magnetic effect

               Heating effect

  1. Do you think that an electromagnet can be used for separating plastic bags from a garbage heap?

Answer: No, electromagnets attract only the magnetic material like iron. So it cannot be used for separating plastic from garbage.

 

  • Natural resources:

           This covers the topics such as scarcity of water, water a precious resource, ways to safeguard water resources, etc.,

 

Water- a precious resource:

                         It is said that nearly 71% of earth is surrounded by water resources such as oceans, sea, lakes, ponds, moisture, humidity, etc., among which most of them are not suitable for the human consumption. Water which is suitable for the human consumption is called as fresh water.

 

By nature, water can exist in three forms such as Solids, liquids and gaseous states.

 

Humans must follow better conservation techniques of water like rain water harvesting system, drip irrigation, bawris, etc.,

 

Importance of forest:

         Forest is a precious resource given by the nature which is area for all types of species forming an ecosystem. Forest areas are the main resources which help in preservation of water on earth. Plants and trees in forest absorb water from the soil through their roots. Thus, it is more necessary to understand the importance of forest and its resources.

 

Examples:

  1. State true or false?
  • The fresh water stored in the ground is much more than that present in the rivers and lakes of the world.

              Answer: True

  1. Herbs from the ______ layer in the forest.

Answer: Ground layer

Thus, these are topics which are covered in the CBSE Class 7 Science.

 

 

CBSE Class 7 Mathematics Syllabus

by

CBSE Class 7 Mathematics:

               The syllabus of CBSE Class 7 Mathematics is an upper primary syllabus for developing the mathematical understanding and interest among the growing children.

The topics which are covered in the CBSE Class 7 are mostly similar to that of class 6. Few of the new topics that are added new in class 7 are Exponents and powers, Congruence of triangle, Triangle and its properties, etc.,

So, let’s check the syllabus of CBSE Class 7 Mathematics below:

 

  • Numbers:

        Just similar to all the previous classes of CBSE, Numbers is the first and foremost chapter in the syllabus of CBSE Class 7 Mathematics. Since this is a upper primary syllabus, Number chapter includes various topics such as

  • Integers
  • Fractions and rational numbers
  • Exponents and powers

      Integers:

                           Integers are the special group of numbers which consists of set of positive and negative    

       whole numbers and do not contain any fractional or decimal part. The syllabus which are covered

       under the topic of “integer” are,

  • Multiplication and Division with integers
  • Addition and subtraction with integers
  • Word problems on integers
  • Properties of integers

       Properties such as Closure property, Commutative, Associative, Distributive are very important properties in the syllabus.

       Examples:

  1. In an exam, positive mark is given for every right answer and negative marks are every wrong answer. If sekar scores 23, 4, -7,-4, 10 in five successive rounds, what is his total at the end?

Answer: 26

  1. When two positive integers are added, we get result in _______

Answer: Positive

Fractions and Rational numbers:

                Fractions can be explained as “number of parts in a whole”. This is represented with a slash. The number above the slash is called as a numerator and the number which is below the slash is called as denominator. Any number which can be represented in a fractional form is called as Rational number. This is represented with “:”. The numerator and denominator are whole numbers in a fraction for a rational number. This includes topics such as multiplication of fraction, fraction as an operator, reciprocal of a fraction, division of a fraction, word problems on mixed fractions and decimal fractions, etc.,

 Examples:

  1. 2 * 1/7 = ___

Answer: 2/7

  1. 3/7*4/11 = ___

Answer: 12/77

  1. Is 1.5 a rational number?

Answer: Yes

Exponents and Powers:

                   Exponent is number of times a number multiplied by itself. This covers different laws of Exponents such as First law, second law up to fifth law. The topics which are covered under this are expressing the number in exponential form, laws of exponent, standard forms of exponent, solving the exponential expressions, expressing decimal number system in exponential form using power of 10, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Simplify the following: (220 % 215) * 25 = _____

Answer: 256

  1. The usual form of 1.001 * 109 = ___

Answer: 1001000000

 

  • Algebra:

         As we already know, introduction to Algebra is given in the previous class 6 and thus this is a continuation of advanced concepts of Algebra. Algebra is a branch of Mathematics which deals with the symbol and rules for manipulating those symbols. The topics which are covered under this chapter are Generating algebraic expressions involving one or two variables, identifying constants, coefficients and powers, addition and subtraction of algebraic expression, simple linear equations in one variable, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Subtract the following:

         3a-b+4 – a –b

Answer: 2a +4

  1. Terms which have same algebraic factors are called as ______

Answer: Like terms

  1. The sum or difference of two like terms is called as ______

Answer: Like term

 

  • Geometry:

   This covers vast topics in Geometry like Lines and Angles, Triangle and its properties, Congruence of Triangle, practical geometry and finding out the perimeter and area.

Lines and Angles:

       A line is a single dimensional object which does not have end point. When two lines meet at a point they form an angle. The point at which the angles are formed is called as vertex. There are different types of angles such as acute angles, adjacent angles, interior angles, exterior angles and so on.

Triangle and its properties:

               Triangle is one of the geometrical shapes which is a polygon with three sides, 3 vertices or 3 corners. There are different types of Triangles such as equilateral triangle, isosceles triangle, scalene triangle and so on. Similarly, each triangle has its own properties such as Angle sum Property of a triangle, Triangle inequality Property and so on. The topics which are covered under this topic are Medians and Altitudes of the Triangles, Exterior angle of a triangle and its properties, Right angled triangle and Pythagoras theorem, sum of the lengths of two sides of a triangle, etc.,

Congruence of a Triangle:

               Two triangles are said to be congruent if their respective angles and sides are equal. This topic covers rules of the congruency of triangles, axioms and so on. The topics which are covered under this are congruence of line segments, angles and plane figures, criteria for congruence of Triangles such as SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, RHS.

       Examples:

  1. When two angles are supplementary, each angle is said to be ____ of each other.

Answer: Supplement

  1. _____ has no end points.

Answer: Line

  1. According to the Pythagoras property, in a right angled triangle , a square on the ____ = sum of the squares on the legs.

Answer: Hypotenuse

  1. Determine the angle for the following triangle with the sides 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm respectively.

Answer: Right angled.

  1. How many medians does a Triangle have?

Answer: Three

  1. An ____ is formed when line segment or lines meet?

Answer: Angle

  1. If two angles have same measurement, then they are said to be ______ angle.

Answer: Congruent

 

  • Collection and Organization of data:

                Collection of data which are represented graphically to understand the structure and organization of the data. This is because it is easier to understand and interpret when it is pictorially represented. Thus, a collection of data can be represented using different types of graphs such as :

  • Bar graphs
  • Tally graphs
  • Pictographs
  • Pie charts

    Examples:

  1. Any type of graphs or charts is given. Questions are based on the given pie chart or bar graph. Answers are solved according to the pictorial representation of data.

 

  • Mensuration:

                 This covers the topics such as finding the perimeter and area of the given object. Perimeter means total boundary size of an object whereas Area is the total surface covered by an object. Different objects such as circle, rhombus, Trapezium are covered under this topic. Topics such as area of rhombus, parallelogram, trapezium, circle, finding the circumference and area of the circle, area between two rectangles and two concentric circles and so on.

        Examples:

  1. Write ¾ in the form of percentage?

Answer: 75%

  1. One fourth of the perimeter of a square gives _____

Answer: Side of the square

  1. What is the area of the parallelogram _____

Answer: Base * Height

 

  • Comparing quantities:

             This covers the new topics such as Profit and loss, calculating percentage and simple interest, etc., This is rather very important chapter for a growing child to understand and calculate this day to day mathematical problems.

Examples:

  1. The cost price of 20 articles is same as the selling price of x articles. If the profit is 25%, then the value of x is:

Answer: 16

  1. If the selling price is doubled, the profit triples. Find the profit percentage?

Answer: 100%

 

  • 3-Dimentional visualization:

               This topic deals with the objects which have three dimensions such as length, height and depth. Examples of such object are sphere, prism, pyramid, cube and cuboid.

Examples:

  1. Which is the three dimensional figure which has six rectangular faces at right angles to each other?

Answer: Cuboid

  1. A three dimensional figure which is bounded by polygons are called as ______

Answer: Polyhedrons

Thus, these are the topics which are covered under the syllabus of CBSE Class 7 Mathematics.

 

 

CBSE Class 6 Mathematics Syllabus

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CBSE Class 6 Mathematics:

              CBSE Class 6 consists of variety of chapters in Mathematics including all the regular topics introduced in the previous classes. In CBSE Class 6, additional topics which are introduced are

  • Algebra
  • 2 Dimensional and 3 Dimensional Geometrical shapes
  • Perimeter and area of an object
  • Integers
  • Mensuration
  • Practical geometry and construction

The syllabus which are covered under the CBSE Class 6 Mathematics are follows:

 

  • Numbers:

           There are many sub topics covered under the chapter “Numbers”. Topics such as Knowing our numbers, playing with numbers, whole numbers, negative numbers and integers, fractions, etc.,

Knowing our numbers:

            It covers the topics such as comparison of numbers using <.>,+ symbols, ascending and descending order of numbers, calculations of large numbers up to 8 digits, place value of a number, etc.,

Even or odd numbers:

            Integers which are divisible by 2 are said to be even numbers whereas numbers which are not divisible by 2 are said to be odd numbers.

Prime or composite numbers:

             A natural number which has only two distinct factors which is “1” and the number itself, is said to be a prime number. A number other than “1” and not a prime number is said to be a composite number.

Relatively prime or co-prime numbers:

             A set of numbers which do not have any common factor other than “1”, are said to be co-prime numbers or relatively prime number.

Perfect Numbers:

              Perfect numbers are the natural numbers, whose sum of positive divisors (except the number itself) is equal to the number itself.

Playing with numbers:

             It is part of mathematics which is fun to solve. It involves concepts such as even, odd numbers, prime and composite numbers, divisibility rules, multiple and factors, prime factorization, HCF and LCM and simplification of brackets.

Negative numbers and integers:

            Importance of negative numbers, arranging the negative numbers in ascending and descending order, introduction to integers, how to solve the problem with integers, how to solve the problems involving addition and subtraction of integers, etc.,

Whole numbers:

           Whole numbers are a set of positive integers. They do not have any fractional or decimal part. Natural numbers along with zero are whole numbers. This topic covers the concepts such as natural numbers, whole numbers, properties of numbers such as commutative, associative, distributive, multiplicative identity, additive identity), solving problems involving whole numbers, knowing the difference between whole numbers and natural numbers, etc.,

Fractions:

           Fractions and decimals are the most important chapters in “Numbers”. Fractions are the representation of a number with “/” whereas decimal is the representation of a number with “.”(Decimal point).

Examples:

  1. 783422 _____ 783426
  • > 
  • < 
  • =
  • None

             Answer: <

  1. What is the predecessor of 3456?
  • 3455
  • 3478
  • 3422
  • 3498

             Answer: 3455

  1. If the product of two whole numbers is zero, then ________ of them will be zero.

Answer: one

  1. _____ is the factor of 50
  • 10
  • 3
  • 7
  • 6

           Answer: 10

  1. Fourth multiple of 8 is ___
  • 16
  • 24
  • 32
  • 40

           Answer: 32

 

  • Introduction to Algebra:

       Algebra is an important branch of Mathematics which is introduced right from the CBSE Class 6th level. Algebra can be defined as a part of mathematics which deals with the symbols and rules for manipulating those symbols. The main concept in Algebra is “Equations”. Every equation in algebra describes the relationship between two variables. Any equation has two parts in LHS and RHS with “=” in between. The topics which are covered under this are recognizing the Algebraic expression, expressing an algebraic equation, introduction to different terms of expression, solving algebraic expression, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Find out the expression with numbers only?
  • 2y+5
  • (20%5) -3z
  • 3x+3
  • 3(23-5)+5*2

               Answer: 3(23-5)+5*2

  1. An equation has ____ sides with = sign between LHS and RHS.
  • Two
  • Three
  • Four
  • Six

               Answer: Two

 

  • Ratio and Proportion:

         Ratios are the concepts which are used to compare two values. They make us understand the difference between two numbers. If total number of boys in a class is 5 and total girls in that class is 4, then the ratio of boys in the class can be represented as 5/9. Proportion is a name which is given when two ratios are equal. This can be represented as a:b=c:d. The above topics covers the syllabus such as ratio and proportion of a number, unitary method and word problems based on Ratio and proportion.

Examples:

  1. Meetu weight is 25 kg and her mother’s weight is 75 kg. What is the ratio of weight of meetu to weight of her mother?
  • 1:3
  • 1:2
  • 1:4
  • 3:1

             Answer: 1:3

  1. If two ratios are equal then we say that they are ______

Answer: Proportional

 

  • Geometry:

         This topic covers concepts such as Basic 2 dimensional geometrical ideas, understanding elementary shapes (2 dimensional and 3 dimensional), symmetry and construction of Geometrical objects.

Examples:

  1. How many end points does a ray have?
  • 0
  • 2
  • 3
  • 1

           Answer: 1

  1. The end points of same sides of a polygon are called the _______ vertices.
  • Parallel
  • Same
  • Different
  • Adjacent

             Answer: Adjacent

 

  • Mensuration:

           Already students would have learned about the basic concepts of finding the perimeter, area of a given object in the previous classes.

Perimeter is the total number of boundary size that an object can cover whereas area is the total number of surface that an object covers. The other concepts which are covered under this topic are concept of Area, area of a rectangle and triangle, calculating the perimeter of a rectangle and square.

Examples:

  1. Find the perimeter of a regular octagon with each side measuring 3 cm.
  • 24 cm
  • 20 cm
  • 10 cm
  • 15 cm

             Answer: 24 cm

  1. Find the side of the square whose perimeter is 20 m.
  • 4 m
  • 3 m
  • 6 m
  • 5 m

             Answer: 5 m

 

  • Practical Geometry and construction:

                 This is a branch of Geometry which deals with the construction of geometrical objects. There are specific instruments or tools and specific rules to construct the geometrical objects. The tools such as ruler, compass, protractor can be used to construct every geometrical object.

               The topics which are covered under this are construction of line segment using ruler and compass, construction of circle, construction and measuring angles, construction of perpendicular bisector, how to bisect angles, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Find out the correct type of the triangle which has sides 7 cm, 8 cm and 9 cm.
  • Isosceles triangle
  • Scalene Triangle
  • Equilateral triangle
  • None of these

               Answer: Scalene Triangle

  1. The measure of right angle is ____
  • 60 degree
  • 90 degree
  • 180 degree
  • 30 degree

             Answer: 90 degree

 

  • Statistics and data handling:

         Collection of information is said to be data. These data can be pictorially represented using graphs, charts, bar charts, etc. The reason behind representing the data through pictorial representation is it gives a clear understanding of the data and its organization. Graphs such as pictographs, tally graphs, bar charts and pie charts are used to represent the data.

        The topics which are covered under the “Statistics and Data Handling” are definition of data, construction of pictograph, collection and organizing data using the charts such as bar charts, interpret data using the pictograms and graphs.

Examples:

  1. A _____ represents data through pictures of objects.

Answer: Pictograph

  1. The _______ each bar gives required information.

Answer: Length

 

  • 3 D shapes:

                 This covers the topics such as 3 dimensional shapes and sizes of an object, recognizing different 3d shapes, understanding the concepts of vertices, edges and faces , etc.,

Examples:

  1. A _______ is a polygon with four sides.

Answer: Quadrilateral

  1. Two faces meet at a line segment called as ______

Answer: Edge

Thus, the above topics are covered under the syllabus of CBSE Class 6 Mathematics.

 

 

CBSE Class 5 Science Syllabus

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CBSE Class 5 Science:

      CBSE Class 5 science syllabus covers the following topics such as

  • Living and non-living things
  • Reproduction in plants
  • Animals
  • Human body
  • Food
  • Health and hygiene
  • Safety and first aid
  • Our environment
  • Air
  • Water and its conservation
  • Our universe
  • Rock and minerals
  • Matter

These topics are in detail below:

 

  • Living and non-living things:

       This chapter covers the basic difference between the living and non-living things, examples of living and non-living things, characteristics, features, etc. A living thing is an organism which is lively, active and made up of cells. They exhibit different characteristics of life such as growth, development, movement, reproduction, response to stimuli, and needs energy to perform day to day activities. Plants, animals and human beings are the best examples of the living things. Non living things are just totally opposite. They do not grow, respire, move, reproduce and do anything as that of a living organism. Some examples of non living things are electronic goods, paper, stones, etc.

Examples:

  1. Most of the plants grow from ______ (Egg/seeds)

Answer: Seeds

  1. Non living things that are made by man are called as ____ (man-made/natural)

Answer: Man made

 

  • Reproduction in plants:

           Reproduction in plants meant to be generation of new individuals or offspring. Reproduction in plants is either sexual or asexual. Sexual reproduction is done through the fusion of gametes whereas asexual reproduction is done through without the fusion of gametes.

          In detail, sexual reproduction in flowering plants is done by the production of male and female gametes, and the transfer of male gametes to the female ovules through a process called as pollination. After this process of pollination, fertilization occurs which results in the production of fruits.

         In other hand, asexual reproduction does not involve any union of cells, or nuclei of the cell. Typically it can be said that asexual reproduction only requires and only allows for only one parent. Asexual reproduction is otherwise called as vegetative propagation.

Examples:

  1. The fusion of male and female gamete is called as ____

Answer: Fertilization

  1. Asexual reproduction in spirogyra is an example of __

Answer: Fragmentation

  1. Moses, ferns, moulds, etc reproduce by __ formation

Answer: Spores

 

  • Animals:

     Every animal has unique characteristics and feature. Every animal has distinct looks, different eyes, nose, ears, and bodily structures. For example, the skin pattern, color and body strength is different that of zebra. Also, there are different types of animals such as herbivores, carnivores and omnivores.

Herbivores:

           The animals which eat only plants are called as herbivores. Best example of herbivores are Cow, goat, deer, etc.

Carnivores:

           The animal which feeds on another animal is called as carnivores. Best example for carnivores are Lion, tiger, wolf, etc.

Omnivores:

           An animal or person that eats variety of food of both plants and animals is called as omnivores. Best examples for omnivores are pigs, rats, chickens, crows, etc.

       Examples:

  1. Name the feet or claws of the birds used for:
  • Eagle
  • Ducks
  • Herons
  • Hens
  • Crows

         Answer:

  • Talons
  • Swimming
  • wading
  • Scratching
  • Perching
  1. How birds fly?

          Answer:

          Birds fly with the help of their wings

 

  • Human body:

           Human body consists of different organs which help our whole body system to function well. Also, humans do different things such as seeing, touching, hearing, eating, studying, sleeping and so on.

The major organ systems of our body are

  • Circulatory system:

               It consists of heart, blood vessels, and veins which is responsible of carrying blood throughout the entire body.

  • Excretory system:

             The major organs for the process of excretion are kidneys. These help in removing unnecessary waste from our body.

  • Nervous system:

         It consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves which control all the functions of the body. The most important thing is it controls the brain which is said to be the central processing system of the human body.

  • Skeletal system:

             It gives shape, support and structure to the human body. It gives strength to the body and protects the soft organs inside.

  • Muscular system:

         As the name suggests, it consists of muscles and controls all parts of the human body.

Examples:

  1. Name the diseases that are spread through touching______

Answer: Flu, cough and measles

  1. Give the functions of skeletal system in our boy:

Answer:

  • It helps the movement of the body with the help of joints
  • It supports the body by giving shape and structure
  • It provides protection to the internal organs

 

  • Food:

     The basic nature of different types of food, how long they stay consumable, when does a food gets spoiled?, how did the people find their foods earlier, Who prepares our own food in our houses?, different types of taste that our mouth can feel, what are the foods for plants are the key concepts which are covered under this chapter.

When food gets spoiled:

                 A food gets spoiled when it its atmosphere changes or when the food is prepared long time ago. For example, milk gets spoiled during summer season due to the excess heat in the outside temperature.

Who produces food we eat?

               This chapter makes children to know about the people who really work hard for our daily foods. They study about the farmers, their daily routines in the agricultural farms, how they preserve the crop from natural calamities and so on.

What food did people eat earlier?

             Our ancestors or grandparents would have not eaten the same type of food which we eat now. Thus, different types of food habits are followed during olden days in different places.

Taste buds:

         Our taste buds can feel different types of taste such as sweet, sour, bitter, pungent and salt. This chapter tells the importance of taste buds and different kinds of taste that human beings can enjoy.

What are the foods for plants?

                     Just like foods for animals and humans, plants also need food for surviving. The key requirements for a plant are water, air and sunlight. These are said to be the food materials for the plants.

Examples:

  1. Name any three foods that are rich in vitamins:

Answer: Broccoli, papaya, citrus fruits

  1. Rice and jute grow well in ____ types of soil

Answer: Alluvial soil

 

  • Health and hygiene:

                 According to World Health Organization health can be defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being of the human body. In other words, a person is said to be physically healthy, if he/she has no physical deformities and all body functions are working properly. This topic covers various subtopics such as different diseases that are caused if a human body is not healthy. This covers diseases caused when people are anaemic, diseases caused by mosquitoes and other insects.

Examples:

  1. We should drink at least ________ liters of water every day.

Answer: 3 -4 liters

  1. Vitamins and minerals are required in a very _____Quantity.

Answer: Small

 

  • Safety and first aid:

               First aid is the immediate care given to a person who is injured before the physician arrives. Any first aid box contains basic things such as:

Cotton

Bandage

Antiseptic cream

Paper tape

Adhesive tape

Scissors

Types of first aid:

  1. Cuts and minor wounds:

       For these types of wounds, clean the wounded area, apply antiseptic with sterile cotton, and if the wound does not stop bleeding tie it up with a tight bandage called as tourniquet.

  1. Burns:

   If the burns are superficial, then the burnt area must be applied with cold water. If the burn type is like blisters then wash with water and cover with a clean cloth.

  1. Broken bones:

     Do not move the broken part of the body. If the bone of the hand is broken tie it up with a sling using a cotton or bandage.

  1. Sprain:

Do not move the sprained part of the body. To keep it from moving an elastic bandage can be tied around the affected area.

First day, sprain must be treated by soaking your affected area in cold water. From second onwards, soak it in warm water two or three times a day. Ointment must be properly rubbed and applied in the affected area.

Examples:

  1. Write any three safety precautions to be followed by all to avoid accidents on roads.

Answer:

  1. Do not take alcohol before driving
  2. Always use back view mirrors whenever overtaking another vehicle
  3. Practice to give signals before turning or reversing.
  1. Write any three first aid tips for first aid:

Answer;

  1. For all types of burns, apply cold water for atleast 20 minutes
  2. Do not use ice, butter or creams in the affected are.
  3. If the burn is severe, immediately seek medical attention

 

  • Our Environment:

          Everything that is surrounding us and affects us is called as an environment. It is always our duty to keep our environment clean away from pollutions. Also, every human being must understand that forest is the important source for all living beings. Forests keep the air clean, and have dense trees which help to give fresh air rich in oxygen. Thus, humans must understand deforestation is a dangerous thing and must not be followed.

Examples:

  1. Give any three characteristics of solid substances:

Answer:

  1. It does not take the shape of its container
  2. It also has a definite volume
  3. It has a definite shape
  4. Name the states of matter for Milk:

Answer: Liquid

 

  • Air, Water and its conservation:

         What the sources of water, water conservation methods, from where the farmers get their water for crops, animals and plants life in water, basic concepts of oil and water which do not mix with each other. Also, this chapter covers layers of the atmosphere, importance of the atmosphere and properties of air, etc.

Layers of atmosphere:

                   There are two layers of atmosphere namely

Troposphere:

                       Lower layer of atmosphere up to 15 kms, clouds are formed in this layer.

Stratosphere:

                   Layer of atmosphere from 15 to 50 kms, planes fly in this layer.

What are the sources of water in earlier days?

           How waters are stored during the olden days? How the waters are got during the olden days.

Water flow:

                   Definition of irrigation and types of irrigation followed for different types of crops. How farmers preserve water for irrigation, different methods of lifting water, etc.,

Plants and animals in water:

                      This chapter covers the different types of plants and animals that can live in water. Animals like seal, dolphin, crocodiles, turtles can live in water whereas sea grass, duckweed, algae are the examples of the plants that can live within the water.

Nature of water and other liquids:

         This chapter covers the difference between nature of the water and other liquids. It also explains why oil does not get mixed with water and other basic concepts of liquids.

Examples:

  1. Name any three water borne diseases?

Answer: Tuberculosis, dysentery and jaundice

  1. What are the precautions to save water from the pollution?

Answer:

  • Boil the water before usage
  • Do not dip your hands or fingers in drinking water
  • Do not use the ground water located near drainage or sewage.
  • Tap water should be filtered and boiled well before use
  • Always store the drinking water in a closed vessel.

 

  • Our Universe:

         This chapter covers about our solar system and nine planets in our solar system. It gives an idea about the universe and how big it is. Also, it covers the topics such as galaxies, planets, stars, satellites and many other things. Our Earth is one of the planets in our solar system and Milky way is the name of our galaxy.

Examples:

  1. The man who first landed on the moon?

Answer: Neil Armstrong

  1. The study of the heavenly bodies:

Answer: Astronomy

 

  • Rocks and minerals:

            This chapter covers the types of rocks, conservation of fossil fuels, introduction to minerals, etc.,

Types of rocks:

         There are different types of rocks such as Igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.

Conservation of fossil fuels:

             Fossil fuels burn in the presence of oxygen releasing energy and carbon dioxide. More usage of fossil fuels decreases the amount of oxygen and increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Thus, this results in global warming and air pollution.

Examples:

  1. Name any three common ores:

Answer: Bauxite, Pyrite, Hematite

  1. Name any five metamorphic rocks:

Answer: marble, quartzite, coal, slate, mica

 

  • Simple machines:

       Different types of simple machines such as wheel and axle, wedge, pulley, screw and inclined plane are covered under this chapter. Other topics which are covered are inclined plane, wheel and axle, care of machines, pulley, lever, types of simple machine, etc.,

Examples:

  1. What is a machine that has a grooved wheel that has a cable?

         Answer: pulley

  1. Machine with a bar that pivots on a fixed line?

Answer: Lever

 

  • Matter :

A matter is made up of tiny particles called as atoms. Two or more atoms combine to form molecules. There are three states of matter such as solid state, liquid state and gaseous state.

This chapter also covers types of changes and classification of matter, elements and compounds, etc.,

Examples:

  1. How is matter classified in terms of physical state?

Answer: Solid, liquid and gas

  1. What you mean by the term volume?

Answer: The space occupied by a substance is called as volume

Thus, these are the topics which are covered under the CBSE Class 5 science stream.

 

CBSE Class 5 Mathematics Syllabus

by

CBSE Class 5 Mathematics:

             Mathematics gets little tougher this time when compared to the previous classes such as CBSE class 3 and class 4. CBSE Class 5 includes many concepts such as Percentage, lines and angles, shapes and their properties, multiples and factors along with the regular topics of previous classes.

The syllabus covered for CBSE Class 5 mathematics are below:

  • Numbers and Arithmetic operations on it:

             Few advanced concepts in “Numbers” topic are covered such as introduction to abacus, handling prime and composite number , knowing the differences between face value and place value of a number, rounding of numbers and number patterns. Word problems on addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are covered under this topic.

Examples:

  1. The smallest odd prime number ________

Answer: 3

  1. All even numbers are divisible by ___

Answer: 2

  1. Round off 5117 to the nearest ten:
  • 5120
  • 5130
  • 5115
  • 5100

Answer: 5120

  1. Build a five digit number from the following:
  • 3+35+0+1000+70000

               Answer: 71,038

  1. Answer the following using BODMAS rule:
  • 75*(4-2)

               Answer: 150

 

  • Multiplication and Division:

                    Advanced word problems in multiplication and division are covered under this syllabus.

Examples:

  1. Alia saves Rs.546 per month. How much does she save in a full year?

Answer: 6,552

  1. There are 675 pages in a book. How many pages are there in 15 books?

Answer: 10,125

  1. How many weeks are there in 205 days?

Answer: 29 weeks 2 days

 

  • LCM and HCF:

     This comes under the topic of “Multiples and factor”. LCM stands for Lowest Common Mutiple and HCF stands for Highest Common factor.

Examples:

  1. What is the HCF for the numbers 20 and 30?

Answer: 10

  1. What is the common multiple for 5 and 7?

Answer: 35

  1. Sunil planted 35 apple and 30 peach trees. If he wants to plant same number and type of plants in a row, what is the maximum number of trees that he can plant in a row?

Answer: 10

  • Fractions and decimals:

                 The concept of fractions consists of two main parts such as numerators and denominators. Numerator is the number which is above the fraction line whereas denominator is the number which is below the fraction line. The concept of decimals can be defined as the numbers which contains the decimal point. The number to the left of decimal point is an ordinary whole number and the number to the right of the decimal point is called as “tenths” digits. For example, 1.5 is same as 1 plus 1/5.

Examples:

  1. Find out the answer for the following:
  • 85*0.25

               Answer: 0.2125

  1. 10/40 is equal to ____

Answer: 0.25

  1. 3 3/4 % 1 2/3 = ?

Answer: 9/4 which is equal to 2 1/4

 

  • Ratio and percentage:

     Ratio shows relative sizes of two or more values. It is represented with the symbol “:”. If there are totally 4 boys and 5 girls in a classroom, then it can be represented though ratio system as: 4:5 which means there are 4 boys out of 9 students (4/9) and 5 girls out of 9 students (5/9). Percentage can be expressed as a value on the basis of rate or proportion per hundred. For example, 36/100 is equal to 0.36 or 36%.

Examples:

  1. Calculate the following ratios:
  • 2:3 = 36 : _
  • 4:6 = 8 : _
  • 8:3 = 24 : _

               Answer: 36: 54

                               8 : 12

                               24 : 9

  1. 72% of 11 is _ of 40% of 97?
  • < 
  • > 
  • =

               Answer: <

 

  • Lines and angles:

           A line is a straight path that goes on and in opposite directions. There are different types of lines such as parallel lines and perpendicular lines. Parallel lines are the lines that never intersect or cross each other. Perpendicular lines are the lines which cross each other or intersect at right angles. An Angle is a two lines that meet at an endpoint called a vertex. There are different types of angles such as acute angles, obtuse angles, supplementary angles,etc. Acute angle is an angle which measures less than 90 degrees through the protractor. Obtuse angle is an angle which measures greater than 90 degrees through the protractor. Two angles whose measurement adds up to 180 degrees are supplementary angles.

Examples:

  1. Questions are based on pictorial representation of angles asking students to identify the type of angles.

 

  • Perimeter and area:

       As these concepts are covered in the previous class 4, a little more advanced syllabus are added under this topic. Perimeter is the total boundary size of the object whereas area is the total surface covered by the object.

Examples:

  1. There are 5 cm cubes which are glued together to form a cuboid. Find the volume of the cuboid.

Answer: 192 cubic cm

  1. How much water does a rectangular tank hold with a square base of 2.5 yards and a height of 4 yards hold?

Answer: 10 cube yards

 

  • Shapes and their properties:

                 This is a part of geometry which covers different types of triangles such as Scalene, isosceles, equilateral, acute, right and obtuse triangle.

Examples:

  1. Questions based on classifying triangles and properties related to that.

 

  • Patterns and Symmetry:

             An object which has evenly balanced properties called as symmetrical. A shape is symmetrical when its two halves are mirror images along the line of symmetry. Different types of lessons such as mirror games, turning mirror images by ½ turn, examples and problems, identifying different patterns, etc.

Examples:

  1. Pictorial representation of various figures are given to find out the lines of symmetry of each object.

Along with the above topics, regular topics like Time and date, measurement of length, mass and capacity, smart charts are also covered in the syllabus of CBSE Class 5 Mathematics.

CBSE Class 4 Science Syllabus

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CBSE Class 4 Science:

      CBSE Class 4 Science covers the following topics such as

  1. Plant life and animals
  2. Human body
  3. Food and nutrition
  4. Clothes, safety and first aid
  5. Our environment and our universe
  6. Our family
  7. Our society
  8. Force, work and energy

These are the various topics that are covered in the CBSE Class 4 Science stream. Let us check these topics in detail below. Note that these topics are not given in the form of sequential chapters.

 

  1. Plant life and animals:

               Any plant consists of roots, stems, leaves and may produce fruits or vegetables. Any green leaves of the plants prepare their own food with the help of the process called as photosynthesis. Roots absorb water and other important minerals from the soil. Stem helps in carrying this minerals and water absorbed by the roots to the various parts of the plant. Not only that, they also help in carrying food from the leaves to the other parts of the plants. It stores excess food and gives support to the plant.

              The sub topics which are covered under this are adaptation, making food by plants, uses of plants, dispersal of seeds and parts of the plants. Similarly, every animal has unique characteristic and feature. Every animal is different and may have different organs such as long or short tail, with or without horns, lengthy ears, color and pattern, etc all differ from one animal to another.

              For example, rabbits or bunnies have long ears whereas we cannot see ears in the birds such as parrots or crows, etc. Animals like tigers, zebra, and giraffe have specific pattern and color in the skin tones and every animal varies greatly in shape and size. Thus, the sub topics which are covered under this are birds, useful animals for the environment, adaptations and reproduction in animals, etc.,

Examples:

  1. ______ Plants grow along the ground.

        Answer: Creepers

  1. Small and bushy plants are called as _____

        Answer: Shrubs

  1. ______ animals are kept in man-made home

        Answer: Domestic

  1. Which is the fast running bird?

        Answer: Ostrich

  1. Which are teeth less animals?

        Answer: Birds

 

  1. Human body:

           Human body is a combination of different organs which are responsible to do their own functions independently. Because of these organs, humans are able to do their daily activities without any problem.

The important organ systems in our human body are:

  • Digestive system:

       Human digestive system is a series of organs which are responsible for converting the foods consumed into essential nutrients that are absorbed into the body and eliminates unused waste materials. Only if digestive system of a human body functions properly, the foods consumed will be converted into essential nutrients and wastes are properly released.

  • Circulatory system:

             Circulatory system is a network with number of organs and vessels that are responsible for carrying blood through cells, segregation of hormones, passing oxygen and other important gases to and from the cells, etc. Without circulatory system the body will fail to fight against the diseases and human body becomes more vulnerable to any kind of diseases.

  • Respiratory system:

         This is an important system in the human body which is responsible for inhaling oxygen and exhaling out carbon dioxide. The primary and most important organ of an respiratory system are lungs which are responsible for this exchange of gases as we breathe.

  • Excretory system:

   Excretory system is a system of organs which eliminates wastes out from our body. This is also an important function in the human body without which a human being cannot be healthy.

Examples:

  1. Sense organs are controlled by _______System in the human body.

         Answer: Nervous

  1. I absorb the nutrients from the food and pass it to your bloodstream. What am i?

         Answer: Small intestine

 

  1. Food and nutrition:

               Food is the basic necessity for all living beings. Healthy food which is rich in minerals, vitamins, calcium, and carbohydrate is necessary for any human being or animals to build up energy and fight against diseases.

Examples:

  1. A common mineral used in our foods are ______

Answer: salt

  1. Cereals are ____ of the plants:

Answer: Seeds

 

  1. Clothes , safety and first aid:

               Clothing is also a basic necessity for any human being for the survival of life. There are different types of clothes like wool, cotton, silk, fur, etc which are either made from natural plants or from animals. Clothes like wool and fur protect our body from heat whereas clothes like cotton keeps us cool during summer. Safety and first aid chapter deals with the important first aid tips to be followed during any emergency cases. These first aid tips are really helpful to save someone’s life in danger.

For example, if someone is unconscious and not able to breathe, the first aid tips are as follows:

  • Check breathing by tilting their head backwards and look and feel their breaths.
  • Push firmly downwards in the middle of the chest and then release
  • Push at the regular rates until any other help arise
  • If this not helps, call for ambulance immediately.

            Examples:

  1. A crack or break in the bone is called as _______

Answer: Fracture

  1. A dog bite may cause ________ disease

Answer: Rabies

 

  1. Our Environment and Our Universe:

         Plants and animals are very important for human survival. Thus, a human being should understand that cutting the trees and killing the animals may harm his own life. It also important to keep our environment clean without any types of pollutions such as air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution.

How to reduce air pollution?

  1. Stop destroying trees in your neighborhood
  2. Reduce the usage of aerosols in your home
  3. Use only unleaded petrol

How to reduce noise pollution?

  1. Construction of soundproof rooms for the noisy machines must be encouraged.
  2. Use of horns, jarring sounds and motorbikes with damaged pipes must be banned
  3. Noise producing industries must be built far away from the living areas.

How to reduce water pollution?

  1. Industrial waste should not be allowed to be mixed in the rivers, lakes or ponds.
  2. Use minimum amount of detergent while washing your clothes or vessels.
  3. Avoid using toilet as a dust bin. Dispose solid wastes separately in a dust bin.

Our Universe:

             Just like “Our Environment” it is necessary to know about our universe too. Our Universe comprises of solar system and planets. Solar system is made up of sun and all small objects revolve around it. Totally there are 9 planets such as Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Thus this topic covers the solar system and detailed description of nine planets.

Examples:

  1. Planet that is neared to the sun ____

Answer: Mercury

  1. Name any two diseases that are caused by food spoilage

Answer: Diarrhea and stomach ache

 

  1. Our family:

             As the name suggest, the chapter explains the importance of each of the family members and the relationship with you. A typical family tree is drawn to pictorially represent the relationships between the family members.

Examples:

  1. What is called as an extended family?

Answer: Any family which includes close relatives, grandparents, and cousins often living within close proximity or in same house is called as extended family.

  1. Why a small family is called as nuclear family?

Answer: Nucleus means a centre around which others collect. Thus, a small family with two individuals (Father and mother) with their offspring is said to be a nuclear family.

  1. Our Society:

   Just like knowing about “our Family” It is important to understand about “Our Society”. Students must be aware of the current news and happenings in our surroundings, their effects and changes in the society and so on.

Examples:

  1. What are local self governments?

Answer: It includes panchayat in village, municipality in towns and small cities and Municipal Corporation in big cities.

  1. India is _________ country.

Answer: Democratic

 

  1. Force, work and energy:

             This chapter covers the topics such as Force, types of forces, work, types of energy, etc. Work can be defined as activity involving mental or physical effort which is done in order to achieve the result. Energy can be defined as a strength or vitality required for sustained physical activity. There are different types of energies such as Kinetic energy, potential energy and mechanical energy. Force is a physical push or pulls acting on an object. There are different types of forces such as Gravitational force, electrical force, magnetic force, frictional force, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Define force:

Answer: Push and pull on an object is called as force

  1. What are fuels?

Answer: Wood, coal, petroleum, vegetable oils and animal fat are called as fuels.

  1. _____ is the ability to do work

Answer: Energy

Above are the topics covered in the CBSE Class 4 Science stream.

 

 

CBSE Class 4 Mathematics Syllabus

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CBSE Class 4 Mathematics:

              Math is highly important for the growing children and they must be properly trained to solve all the possible problems in their syllabus. Apart from the regular patterns such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, Class 4 covers various topics such as geometrical figures, fraction, decimal, etc. It is a known fact that the student who has strong knowledge in math is capable to solve any kind of problems even in other subjects. CBSE Class 4 syllabuses is prepared by experienced teachers who have designed the subjects according to the student’s learning ability.

Now let us check the detailed syllabus of CBSE Class 4 Mathematics below:

 

  • Numbers:

         This is a next level of numerical system which covers the topics such as Rounding of numbers, Indian and International systems, predecessor and successor number, comparing numbers, even odd numbers and so on.

 

Examples:

  1. The Roman numeral for 49 is __________
  • XLIX
  • L
  • XLVI

               Answer: XLIX

  1. Write the numbers in standard expanded form:
  • 45634

               Answer: 40000+5000+600+30+4

  1. Arrange the following in descending order:
  • -9, 0,-4, 5,3,1

               Answer: 5, 3,1,0,-4,-9

 

  • Arithmetic operations on numbers:

               Word problems based on Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are covered in this section. These problems will help the students to solve day-to-day real life problems while dividing cakes among friends, shopping, saving and many more.

Examples:

  1. The smallest 5-digit odd number ______
  • 1002
  • 1233
  • 1001

               Answer: 1001

  1. Subtract the following numbers:
  • 888888-177777 =?

               Answer: 711,111

  1. A factory produces 2050 dolls per day. How many dolls are produced in 45 days?

               Answer: 92,250

  1. 25 % _ = 1

              Answer: 25

 

  • Fractions, Decimals:

     Introduction to Fractions are given in the CBSE Class 3. Thus now, fractions concept cover dividing shapes in half’s, quarters, mixed and advanced word problems in fractions.

     In CBSE Class 4, Decimal section is introduced which covers the topics like reading the decimals and place value, conversion and operations of decimals, etc., This gives a basic understanding for the students of Class 4 that the decimal point goes between units and tenths.

The best example for understanding the concept of fraction and decimal is below:

Fraction: 45/100

Decimal: 0.45

Examples:

  1. Arrange the following fractions in ascending order:
  • 5/12, 3/12,1/12,4/12

             Answer: 1/12, 3/12, 4/12, 5/12

  1. If 25 out of 45 students are girls in a school, then the decimal for the part of girls in the school are:

             Answer: 25/45

 

  • Time and Date:

     Time and date is a very important concept in everyday life. Students must have a strong understanding of time and date formats, AM and PM difference, reading the clock, handling the time, etc. The concept which are covered in “Time and Date” are reading the clock and knowing the correct time, time taken for a task, 24 hour format, etc.,

Examples:

  1. 6 hours after 8.45 P.M is ______

          Answer: 2.45 A.M

  1. Asha leaves home at 7.30 A.M and returns home at 4.15 P.M. How long she has stayed out?

          Answer: 8 Hours 45 minutes

  1. Half past 7 A.M and quarter past 10 P.M?

          Answer: 7.30 A.M and 10.15 P.M

 

  • Money:

           Just like time and date concept, the concept of money is also very important for day-to-day activities. Understanding the profit and loss in a sale, knowing the current balance are most important concepts in everyday life.

Examples:

  1. How many rupees are there in 4560 paise?

          Answer: 45 Rupees 60 paise

  1. The price of color pencil box was Rs.58 on February which was priced up to Rs.98 within next two months. What is the difference in the price increase?

         Answer: Rs.40

 

  • Geometry:

     Geometry is an important and interesting subject of mathematics. In our day-to-day life we come across various objects in different shapes. Also, such objects shapes differ according to the position we look at it. Thus, these positions are named as front view, top view, side view and bottom view. Every object is different in different positions.

Examples:

  1. ________ has two end points?

Answer: Line

  1. The radius of a circle is 5 cm. Find out its diameter?

Answer: 10 cm

  1. Sunil walks around a triangular garden with sides 16m, 23m and 45m. Find out the distance he covers if he walks around it for 4 times.

Answer: 336 m

 

  • Circle:

                 This is part of Geometrical concept, which covers the topics such as drawing circle, radius of the circle, making circle designs using the compass, centre of circle and so on. The main specialty of a circle when compared to other geometrical figures is it does not have any edges or corners. The distance between the centre of the circle and its circumference is said to be radius.

Examples:

  1. Pictorial representations of circles are given to find out the diameter, radius of it.

 

  • Perimeter and Area:

                   These are used to measure the size of an object. Perimeter is the total boundary size of an object whereas Area is the total surface covered by the object. Perimeter is measured in terms of meter.

                   The topics which are covered under this section are calculating the exact boundary of given objects, uneven objects and curved shape, Circle boundary and word problems based on perimeter and area of an object.

Examples:

  1. Examples are based on pictorial representation of a triangle, rectangle or square. Students are asked to find out the perimeter and area of the object by giving the sizes of the sides.

 

  • Measurement of Length, Mass and Capacity:

           This is a very common concept and it covers calculating distance between two objects, converting meter to kilo meter, milli meter, etc., Along with the standard unit meter, in CBSE Class 4, other measuring units such as Miles, yard, feet and inches are also taught. Similarly, measuring mass in terms of kgs and grams are also covered in CBSE Class 4 syllabus. In addition to this, introduction to the problems of jugs and mugs, litters and milli litters are covered under the topic of Measurement of capacity.

Examples:

  1. Divide the following:
  • 25km 96m divided by 2

             Answer: 12548 meter

  1. Convert 7678 kg into quintal:

Answer: 76 quintal 78 kgs

  1. Convert the 25 l 75 ml in ml

Answer: 25075 ml

 

  • Designs and patterns-Building with bricks:

     This is a concept which is a part of Geometry as it mostly covers the concept of Cuboid. Bricks are in the shape of cuboid and math is going to be a fun with these building bricks. Topics covered in this section are Drawing a brick and different wall patterns, shapes and sizes of the bricks, process of building bricks, etc.,

Examples:

  1. A brick has ______ edges
  • 13 edges
  • 8 edges
  • 12 edges

               Answer: 12 edges

  1. A dice has _________ faces
  • 8
  • 6
  • 4

               Answer: 6

Thus, above are the syllabus covered for CBSE Class 4 Mathematics.

CBSE Class 3 Science Syllabus

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CBSE Class 3 Science:

The topics which are covered under the CBSE Class 3 Science stream are as follows:

  • Living and non living things
  • Plants and animals
  • Our body
  • Home
  • Safety and first aid
  • Our Environment and our universe
  • Force, work and energy
  • Light and sound
  • Matter
  • Transport and communication
  • My family:

These topics in detail are as below:

 

  • Living and non living things:

Living things are the organisms which are made of cells and those which are alive. In other words, alive means breathing, sleeping, growing, moving and reproducing. All types of living things need food and energy for the survival to do their day-to-day activities. Best examples of living things are animals, plants, humans, bacteria, etc.,

Non living things are just opposite to that of living things. Non living things are the things which are not alive and hence does not breathe, reproduce, move and grow. Best examples of non living things are Paper, pen, stone, etc.,

 

Examples:

  1. Name any two living things and non living things:

Answer:

Living things: Plant, dog

Non-living things: soap, pencil

  1. What is difference between a living thing and non living thing:

Answer:

Living thing has life and can move, grow and reproduce.

Non living thing does not have life and does not move, grow and reproduce.

 

  • Plants and animals:

This chapter covers the various types of plants and animals on the earth. Plants are the green shrubs or herbs which have different parts such as stems, roots, branches, etc. The functions of the roots are to carry water and nutrients from the soil to all parts of the plants. There are different types of plants such as flowering, non-flowering, short, long ,etc.,

Similarly, animals are huge in variety and every animal has unique and different characteristics. Every animal has its own color, pattern, body weight and structure. For example, the patterns in the body of the tiger are different when compared to the pattern of zebra. Similarly, the strength of an elephant is quite higher when compared to the strength of a deer.

Animals can be differentiated into various categories like insects, reptiles, birds and mammals. Animals like cow, hen, and goat are tamed for the household purposes and are called as domestic animals. Similarly, animals like tiger, lion, rhino, and deer can be seen only in dark forest and cannot be tamed in the houses for domestic purposes.

 

Carnivores:

Animals which feed on other animals are called as carnivores. Example: Tiger, lion, wolf, etc.,

Omnivores:

Animals which feed on other animals as well as leafy vegetables are called as omnivores. Example: Crow, rat, peacock, etc.,

Herbivores:

These types of animals are soft by nature. They feed only on fruits, green and leafy vegetables, etc., Examples: cow, deer, goat, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Name any two water animals?

Answer: Fish and octopus

  1. I fix the plant to the soil. Who am i?

Answer: Root

  • Our body:

Human body consists of different organs which are responsible for different kinds of tasks individually. This chapter covers the main systems of our human body and their functions.

 

Excretory system:

This is an important system which releases unwanted wastes from our body. Pair of kidneys helps in the process of eliminating unwanted waste from our body.

Nervous system:

This is a main control system for a human body. It consists of brain, spinal cord, sensory organs and nerves which connect throughout the entire body. This is responsible for all the sensory organs of the body.

Circulatory system:

This is a vast network of organs and vessels that is responsible for flow of blood, nutrients, hormones and oxygen. Without the circulatory system the body will fail to fight against the diseases and hence the body becomes more vulnerable to any kind of diseases.

Respiratory system:

As the name suggests, respiratory system is responsible for inhaling fresh oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. This process is done with the help of pair of lungs.

Examples:

  1. Which are the organs used for the respiration process?

Answer: Nose, lungs, trachea and bronchi

  1. The process of removing waste from our body is called as

Answer: Excretion

 

  • Home:

House is a place for shelter and safety. This is quite different from the word “Home”. House is made up of different materials whereas home is a place where you live with your family and friends. The topics which are covered under this chapter are your house and people living in it, animals found in the houses, how to keep your home tidy and beautiful, etc.,

Examples:

  1. What kind of animals can be tamed as pet animals in our home?

Answer: Dog, cat, fish, etc.,

 

  • Safety and first aid:

First aid is the immediate attention to the patients before any medical attention. The main aim of a first aid treatment is to prevent further injury, preserve life and promote recovery. First aid box consist of things such as cotton, bandage, scissors, antiseptic powder, ointment, pain killer, etc.,

 

First aid treatment for a bone fracture:

A bone fracture can occur during an athletic completion, accident or during some cases. During such bone fractures immediate medical attention is needed to prevent further injury. But however, before that, few first aid treatments which can be taken are

  1. Please do not move the part which is injured. Be careful during this time since moving the injured part may cause severe damage to the bones.
  2. Apply an ice pack wrapped in cloth
  3. Splint that area if possible
  4. Call for medical attention as soon as possible

Examples:

  1. Write any two steps to be taken when a person is in unconscious state?

Answer: Check their breathing by tilting their head backward and feel the breath, Loosen his tight clothing.

  1. What should be done when a ship catches fire and we are in it.

Answer: Immediately wear life jacket and try to catch a life boat.

 

  • Our environment and our universe:

   This chapter covers the topics such as air and weather and water.

Air:

This is an invisible gaseous substance which is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. This kind of air is pure when it is not polluted. Air pollution occurs due to many factors such as increase in the usage of vehicles, releasing more wastages and dust from the industries, burning plastics and other raw materials, etc.,

Water:

This is a transparent substance which is very much necessary for living organisms. Most part of our body is covered with water. Drinking 3 to 4 liters of water daily is an essential day to day activity. Thus, water must be pure and prevented from pollution.

Our Universe:

This is a study of galaxies, number of planets, solar system, stars, meteoroids, satellites, etc., This chapter covers nine planets and their names, function of our solar system, moo, sun and satellites.

 

Examples:

  1. Name any three activities which can be done without water?

Answer: Writing, singing and running

  1. What is meant by atmosphere?

Answer: The layer of air surrounding the earth.

 

  • Rocks and soil:

Rocks are made up of one or more minerals. There are three main classifications of the rocks such as sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks. Soil is formed from the fine rock particles mixed with air, water and particles from dead plant and animals.

Examples:

  1. In addition to the rock particles, soil contains?
  • Air and water
  • Water and plants
  • Minerals, organic matter, air and water
  • Water, air and plants

Answer: Minerals, organic matter, air and water

  1. Which top soil is best suited for growing plants?
  • Sandy soil
  • Loamy soil
  • Clayey soil
  • None of these

Answer: Loamy soil

 

  • Force, work and energy:

Work is a result when a force acts upon an object to cause displacement. In other words, it refers to an activity involving a force and movement in the direction of force. Energy is a capacity to do any work. In other words, in order to do any kind of work you need energy.

Force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object’s interaction with another object. Whenever, there is an interaction between two objects, there exists a force. When the interaction ceases, two objects no longer experience force.

 Examples:

  1. Does a work done on a load depend upon the time taken to raise the load?

Answer: No, work does not depend on the time

  1. Is work a scalar or vector quantity?

Answer: Work is a scalar quantity

  1. Can kinetic energy of an object be in negative?

Answer: No it can’t be negative

 

  • Light and sound:

A sound is a vibration that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person’s or animal’s ear. Light is a natural agent that stimulates the eye sight and make things brighter than normal.

Examples:

  1. Sound can travel through?
  • Gases only
  • Solids only
  • Liquids only
  • Solids, liquids and gases

Answer: Sound travels through solids, liquids and gases as it requires a medium to travel through.       These three states provides medium for the sound to travel. Sound cannot travel in vacuum.

  1. Which of the following voices is likely to have minimum frequency?
  • Baby boy
  • Baby girl
  • A man
  • A woman

Answer: A man voice has minimum frequency since the sound is directly proportional to its pitch. Thus, the voice of an adult man has lower pitch when compared to the other voices.

  1. An image that cannot be obtained on the screen is called as ___

Answer: Virtual image

 

  • Matter:

Matter is a substance that has inertia and occupies physical space. According to physics, matter consists of various types of particles such as mass and size.

Examples:

  1. Which of the following are matter? Chair, air, cold drink, smell of perfume.

Answer: Anything that occupies space and has mass is called as matter. Matter can exist in three states such as solid, liquid and gas. Chair is a solid state of matter. Air and smell of perfume are gaseous state of matter. Cold drink is a liquid state of matter.

  1. A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does this observation show?

Answer: This shows that the matter is made up of particles.

 

  • Transport and communication:

There are different means of transport in our country. In our day-to-day life, we go by bus, car, scooter, bicycle, auto rickshaw or by any other means of transport. Communication is a way of expressing our thoughts and ideas to the people we meet. We talk to our parents, friends, neighbors and share our ideas. Just remember, if we do not have anyone to communicate or share our thoughts? Ideas and feelings cannot be exchanged in such cases. Thus, communication is very important in our everyday life.

Examples:

  1. Give any two transports of the people in villages?

Answer: Tonga, Bullock cart

  1. Which means of transport will you use to travel from Chennai to Delhi?

Answer: Train or Flight

  1. Letters and telegrams are common means of ______

Answer: communication

  1. E-mail is sent through a ______

Answer: computer

  1. Who invented television?

Answer: John Logie Baird

 

  • My Family:

Our first school is our family. Our parents, brothers, sisters, elders are our family. We learn many things from our family such as good manner, discipline, good habits, etc., Our parents teach us basic things in our everyday life and how to respect the elders. Thus, learning about our family is very important and everyone should know their own family’s likes and dislikes.

 

Examples:

  1. What is a family?

Answer: A group consisting of parents and children living together in the same household is called a family.

  1. What is an extended family?

Answer: An extended family consists of close relatives, grandparents, cousins living together in the close proximity or in the same house.

Above are the syllabus covered for the CBSE Class 3 science stream.

 

 

CBSE Class 2 Science Syllabus

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CBSE Class 2 Science:

The syllabus for CBSE Class 2 is as follows:

  • Our environment
  • Plants and animals
  • My body
  • Food, clothing and shelter
  • Good habits and safety
  • Air, water and weather
  • Earth and sky
  • Rocks
  • Light and shadow
  • Institutions that serve us

These topics in detail are below:

 

  • Our environment:

     It’s our duty to keep our environment neat and clean. A clean environment is necessary for a neat and peaceful life. Natural environment helps humans and animals to live their day-to-day life. They provide fresh air, vegetables, fruits, water and so on. But due to some bad and selfish attitudes of humans, the environment gets spoiled. Thus, it is the duty of the human beings to take care of our environment by preventing pollution and avoiding deforestation.

The types of pollution which are caused due to humans are:

 

Air pollution:    

             Air pollution occurs due to the increased number of vehicles, increased number of waste discharge from the industries, burning plastics and so on. Thus, humans must take step to control air pollution by following ways.

  1. Instead of burning papers, glass bottles, plastics try to recycle them which conserve energy and reduce production emission.
  2. Plant at least one tree at your neighborhoods.
  3. Try to use solar electricity at your homes.
  4. Choose not to smoke anywhere outside the smoking area.

 

Water pollution:

                     Just like air pollution, water pollution is also one of the major threats caused by human beings. Water pollution which are caused due to several factors like mixing chemical wastages from the industries, polluting the ponds and lakes, etc.,

       The ways to control water pollution are:

  1. Do not flush pills, powder medications or any solid waste into your toilet.
  2. Do not pour oil based foods, fat or cheesy foods stuffs in your sinks.
  3. Do not dispose any kinds of chemicals, motor oil or other automotive fluids into the sanitary sewer which may end at the river.

 

Noise pollution:

                   Whenever the sound is excessive or unpleasant, noise pollution occurs. Loud music, sounds raised by the traffic jams on the roads, electrical appliances sound, etc. are all examples of noise pollution.

       The ways to control noise pollution are:

  1. Planting number of trees around your atmosphere may reduce noise pollution.
  2. Approving noise producing industries away from the city areas.
  3. Sound absorption can be done by constructing windows with double or triple panes of glass with sound absorbing material.

     Examples:

  1. What is the role of decomposers in our ecosystem?

Answer: Decomposers decompose dead remains of the plants and animals. This way they channelize the raw materials back to our environment and also reduce the burden of removing the waste dead body away from the environment.

  1. What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem?

Answer: Ozone is a form of oxygen. Ozone forms the ozone layer in our atmosphere. Ozone layer prevents the harmful ultraviolet rays from sun and thus protects the living beings.

 

  • Plants and animal life:

         Plants are the living things which has various parts such as roots, stem, branches, leaves, etc., There are different types of plants such as flowering or non-flowering plants, plants that grow longer or shorter, plants that live for longer period or shorter period, etc.,

Plants prepare their own food with the help of the process called photosynthesis. The main foods for the plants are water, sunlight and healthy soil. Reproduction is of two types in plants. Asexual reproduction takes place with the help of single parent whereas sexual reproduction takes place by the fusion of gametes resulting in offspring. Plants main responsibility to our environment is to inhale harmful carbon dioxide and exhale fresh oxygen. Also, we get various types of foods from the plants such as fruits, vegetables, leafy vegetables, etc.,

Animal life:

           Every animal has unique characteristic and feature. The appearance of every animal is different from another. For examples, the body structure and pattern in the skin of cheetah is different to that of zebra. The animals can be of different types and belong to several categories such as

 

Carnivores:

           Animals which feed on another animal for food are called as carnivores. Examples: Tiger, lion, etc.,

Omnivores:

             Animals which feed on plants as well as another animal are called as omnivores. For example, Rat, crow, etc.,

Herbivores:

           Animals which feed only on plants are called as herbivores. For example, cow, deer, etc., Domestic animals are the animals which are tamed as pets in the households. For example, dog, cat, parrot, rabbit, etc. Wild animals are the animals which cannot be tamed at houses and live only in jungle areas. For example, elephants, tiger, lion, wolf, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Name any plant that has flowers but no leaves?

Answer: cactus

  1. Photosynthesis is carried out in which part of the cell?

Answer: Chloroplast

  1. What is the fastest animal with two legs?

Answer: Ostrich

 

  • My body:

       Our body is made up of several organs such as liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, etc which are responsible for individual tasks.

Respiratory system:

                 The primary organ for the process of respiration is lungs. Lungs take in oxygen and expel out carbon dioxide as we breathe.

Excretory system:

             This is a system which releases out unnecessary wastages from our body. Kidneys help in the process of excretion.

Nervous system:

               This consists of brain, spinal cord, sensory organs and all the nerves that connect these organs to the rest of the body. These organs control the body and helps in communication among all the parts.

Examples:

  1. How many chambers does a normal human heart have?

Answer: 4

  1. In the human body, where is the humerus bone?

Answer: Upper arm

  1. How long does a missing finger nail take back to grow again?

Answer: 4 to 5 months

 

  • Food, clothing and shelter:

         Food is an essential thing for human life. Foods can either be in a solid or liquid state. In order to perform everyday activities, every living being depends upon food which gives them energy to perform any function.

         Clothing is also an essential factor for humans which protect them against various types of seasons on earth. For example, cotton keeps the body cool during the summer whereas wool, silk or fur keeps the body warm during winter season.

         Shelter is place where humans can be safe and secure. Houses built up with woods, stones and any other material with proper ventilation, proper security is called as shelter. Shelter is a place which keeps the humans warm during winter and cool during summer.

 

Examples:

  1. What ingredient makes the bread to rise?

Answer: Yeast

  1. Which cloth is made from the skin of polar beer?

Answer: Fur

  1. Name any product that helps us to keep our house clean?

Answer: Broom

  • Good habits and safety:

           It is important to cultivate safety habits right from the child hood period. Learn the safety tips while crossing the road, swimming, traveling, playing games outdoor and indoor, etc.,

Few safety tips while travelling are:

  1. Wear seat belt that is provided at the back of your seat. This will keep you safe whenever the vehicle travels in excess speed.
  2. Always watch the front mirror before overtaking a vehicle.
  3. Never suddenly turn or reverse the vehicle without indicators.

 

      Few safety tips while Crossing road:

  1. Look both sides of the road before crossing it.
  2. Cross the road only when you see “Pedestrain cross” symbol.

      Few safety tips while playing games:

  1. It is always important to wear knee caps and helmets before playing any outdoor game.
  2. Hydrate yourself sufficiently before start playing since the water content of the body highly decreases while playing.

        Examples:

  1. A crack or break in a bone is called as _____

Answer: Fracture

  1. State true or false:
  • If the arm is broken it is supported by tying a sling.

               Answer: True

 

  • Air, water and weather:

           Air, water and weather are the essential things for the survival of living organisms. Air is an invisible gaseous substance surrounding our atmosphere. It is a mixture of mainly oxygen and nitrogen. Water is a colorless, transparent, odorless liquid which forms lakes, seas, rivers and is the most essential for all the living organisms including plants, animals and human beings. Weather is a state of the atmosphere which can be hot or cold, wet or dry, clear or cloudy, calm or stormy.

Examples:

  1. Which gas is found to be highest by volume in air?

Answer: Nitrogen

  1. Taj mahal is suffering from marble cancer? What is called as marble cancer?

Answer: Acidic rain which corrodes marble

  1. What is ground water?

Answer: Some of the rain water goes into the soil and this is called as ground water.

  • Earth and sky:

        This topic covers our earth and our Universe. This covers details about stars, meteoroids, planets, solar system, etc. The Solar system also known as solar family is made up of Sun, nine planets, satellites and other celestial bodies like asteroids and comets. The solar system has sun at its centre and sun keeps the solar family together with its gravitational pull. The planets, comets and asteroids revolve around the sun in different orbits.

       The solar system is considered to be about billion years old which is formed from the dust and gas of the ancient solar nebula. There are nine planets such as mercury, venus, Earth, mars ,Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.

Examples:

  1. Which star is at the centre of our solar system?

Answer: Sun

  1. Which planet is nearest to the earth?

Answer: Mercury

  1. Which is the largest planet in our solar system?

Answer: Jupiter

 

  • Rocks:

            Our Earth is formed with the help of rocks and minerals. Rocks are constantly being formed, worn down and formed again. Rocks break down into sand. The sand along with the decomposed products of animals and plants becomes soil.

            The most important thing is, Earth crust is made up of rock. Rocks have been used by the humans for millions of years for making tools, weapons, and other construction materials to make their shelter. There are different types of rocks such as sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks.

Igneous rocks:

When magma cools and solidifies it forms igneous rocks. Examples of such rocks are basalt, gabbro, etc.,

Sedimentary rocks:

             Sediments deposited over years often as the layers at the bottom of the lakes and oceans forms sedimentary rocks. Examples of sedimentary rocks are mudstone, sandstone, flint, etc.,

Metamorphic rocks:

             Extreme pressure and heat over times are called as metamorphic rocks. Examples of such rocks are schist, granulite, etc.,

Examples:

  1. What remains of living things does sediments include?

Answer: Rock, shells, bones, leaves and stems

  1. What is the type of rocks that forms layers?

Answer: Sedimentary rocks

  • Light and shadow:

               This topic covers the concepts of light, definition of light, how light travels through space, what is shadow, how shadows are formed and so on. Light always travels in a straight line and allows one object to hide another. Light comes from the light source such as sun, light bulbs in our houses and candles. Light is reflected off the object and into our eyes. That is why we able to see them. Shadows are formed when the light is blocked. Light cannot travel through opaque objects such as metal and wood.

Examples:

  1. Which travels faster sound or light?

Answer: Light

  1. Which color does yellow and red make?

Answer: Orange

 

  • Institutions that serve us:

                    There are many organizations and institutions such as post office, hospitals, banks, railway station, bus stop, market, etc. We need all these institutions to lead our day to day life easily. Post office is very necessary to send any posts, letters, telegrams, couriers to our friends and relatives. Banks are also very important for any money transactions, crediting or debiting money, savings of money, etc.,

In railway station, trains serve as the best means of transport for an individual’s daily journey. Similarly, nearby hospitals help us vastly when we are sick. They treat us immediately and help us to become completely alright very soon. Thus, this lesson covers all the important institutions and there valuable service for us.

Examples:

  1. Pictorial representation asking the students to point out the function of each persons.

Thus, these are the above topics which are covered in the syllabus of CBSE class 2 Science stream.

CBSE Class 1 Science Syllabus

by

CBSE Class 1 Science:

  The syllabus which are covered under the CBSE Class 1 Science are:

  • Living and non living things
  • Plant and animal life
  • My body
  • Food
  • Homes
  • Health and hygiene
  • Safety and first aid
  • Air, water and weather
  • Our universe
  • Light and sound
  • People who help us

The above topics in detail are:

 

  • Living and non living things:

            Those things which have life and can move, grow, reproduce are called as living things. On the other hand, those things which do not have life and do not grow, move or reproduce are called as non-living things.

           Best example of living beings are humans, animals, plants. Example for non living things are pencil box, rubber, paper, etc.,

Examples:

  1. Name any two examples for non-living things:

           Answer: Pencil, rubber

  1. Which need air, water and sunlight?

           Answer: Plants

 

  • Plant and animal life:

             Plants can be of different types and shapes. Every plant is unique and has different characteristics when compared to other plants. But however, any plant may have stem, roots, flowers, leaves, etc., There are also few plants like cactus which have flowers but no leaves.

             Plants make their food through a process called as photosynthesis. The leaves of the plant contain a pigment called chlorophyll which gives green color to the leaves. This chlorophyll helps the plant to make their own food through the process called photosynthesis in which the plant mainly requires sunlight, water and other nutrients as their food. During this process of photosynthesis, plants release fresh oxygen and inhales harmful carbon dioxide.

            Plant reproduction takes place either asexually or sexually. Asexual reproduction is the process of producing the offspring through only one single parent whereas sexual reproduction is the process which produces the offspring through the fusion of the gametes. Apart from the above things, plants have wide variety of uses such as it provides clothing, fuel, shelter, and many other necessities for human life.

 

Animal life:

            Just like plants, every animal is different from another. For example, the skin pattern for a cheetah is different from that of a deer. Also, the bodily structure and strength differs for every animal.  Most of the animals such as fish, reptiles, mammals, reptiles and birds have simple life cycle. They are born either directly through their mother or through hatching the eggs. Then they grow similarly just like their own species and die.

           Most of these animals have only three stages of growth such as before birth, young and adult. In all the stages, the physical appearance of the animal varies only in sizes but not in appearance. There are different varieties of animal species such as amphibians, insects, reptiles, birds, mammals, etc. Amphibians like frogs undergo metamorphosis in which they spend their childhood under the water breathing with the help of gills and they start breathing with the help of lungs once they are grown up.

Insects have four stages in life cycle:

These four stages are

  • Egg
  • Larva
  • Pupa
  • Adult

Examples:

  1. Name any one amphibian animal:

          Answer: Frog

  1. Write any two land animals:

          Answer: Cat, dog

  1. I make the seeds for the plants. Who am i?

         Answer: Flower

  • My body:

       Our body is made up of many organs which are responsible for individual task.

Respiratory system:

          This is a system which helps the humans to respire. With the pair of lungs, it inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide.            

Excretory system:

          This system is responsible for removing waste from the human body. A pair of kidneys helps in the process of excretion.

Nervous system:

          This consists of nerves, spinal cord, brain and all sensory organs that connect these nerves to the rest of the body. These organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts.

Circulatory system:

          The functions of a circulatory system is to deliver the oxygen, removal of carbon dioxide and other waste materials from the body, supplying nutrients and other useful molecules to all the body parts.

Examples:

  1. Name the organ for respiration:

          Answer: Lungs, nose, trachea, bronchi

  1. The system which helps to produce babies is called as ___

          Answer: Reproductive system

  1. What are the parts involved in the digestive system?

          Answer: Mouth, stomach, intestines, Liver and pancreas

 

  • Food:

   The basic nature of different types of food, how long they stay consumable, when does a food gets spoiled?, how did the people find their foods earlier, Who prepares our own food?, different types of taste that our mouth can feel, how do the plants make their food are the key concepts which are covered under this chapter.

 

When food gets spoiled:

       A food gets spoiled when it its atmosphere changes or when the food is prepared long time ago. For example, milk gets spoiled during summer season due to the excess heat in the outside temperature.

Who produces food we eat?

              This chapter makes children to know about the people who really work hard for our daily foods. They study about the farmers, their daily routines in the agricultural farms, how they preserve the crop from natural calamities and so on.

 

What food did people eat earlier?

             Our ancestors or grandparents would have not eaten the same type of food which we eat now. Thus, different types of food habits are followed during olden days in different places.

Taste buds:

         Our taste buds can feel different types of taste such as sweet, sour, bitter, pungent and salt. This chapter tells the importance of taste buds and different kinds of taste that human beings can enjoy.

What are the foods for plants?

                     Just like foods for animals and humans, plants also need food for surviving. The key requirements for a plant are water, air and sunlight. These are said to be the food materials for the plants.

Examples:

  1. Name any three foods that are rich in vitamins:

Answer: Broccoli, papaya, citrus fruits

  1. Rice and jute grow well in ____ types of soil

Answer: Alluvial soil

 

  • Homes:

               A Home is different from the house because house is just a place of shelter and it can be a concrete building. But a home is different. It can be any place the living being chooses to live for. For example, for animals the home can be the dark forest whereas for the humans the home can be their own houses built with the help of several construction materials.

Examples:

  1. Name any two animals that can be tamed as domestic animals at our houses?

Answer: Cat, dog.

 

  • Health and Hygiene:

         Health education plays a very important role in everyday life. To prevent illness and to always stay positive, a clear understanding of health and hygiene is very much necessary. Health is cleanliness and cleanliness is one of the main defense against diseases.

         Similarly, hygiene means the art of keeping oneself healthy. The purpose being hygienic is to make man healthier. It not only depends on the individual’s health but also the whole community can be safe by practicing hygiene.

Few of the tips for Hygiene are:

  1. Brush and floss regularly
  2. Bathe regularly. This will not only keep you fresh but also remove all the unnecessary dirt and dust from the skin.
  3. Trim your nails
  4. Wash your hands
  5. Get good sleep

   Practicing this will keep anyone healthy and hygienic.

Examples:

  1. What is the correct temperature that frozen foods can be kept at?

          Answer: -18 degree or lower

  1. What is the reason for drying your hands after wetting them?

         Answer: Because germs and bacteria easily spread with wet hands.

 

  • Safety and first aid:

             Help which is given during the emergency situations before the person can get the medical attention is called as first aid. This first aid treatment contains the first aid box which includes all the major instruments necessary to treat the patient.

             The first aid may contain scissors, sticky tapes, antiseptic cream, disposable sterile gloves, bandages, pain killers, distilled water for cleaning the wounds, thermometer, etc. But however, before an accident occurs it is very much necessary to be careful preventing any accidents.

First aid tips for burns:

  1. Remove the clothes around the wounded area.
  2. Run cool water (Not very cool) into the wounded area until the pain eases.
  3. Lightly apply gauge bandage.
  4. Do not put any ointments, butter or cream without medical supervision.
  5. Do not break any blisters that might have formed.

      First aid tips for dog bite:

  1. Clean the wound immediately
  2. Run it under the warm water thoroughly until the wound is thoroughly cleaned.
  3. Encourage to bleeding from the wound. This will prevent any bacteria entering into the wound.
  4. Take any pain killers.
  5. Immediately seek medical attention.

Examples:

  1. Write true or false:
  • The meaning of red in the traffic signal is “Stop”

             Answer: True

  1. The immediate help given to an injured person before he gets medical attention is called as ____

Answer: First aid

 

  • Air, water, weather:

               Air is an invisible gaseous substance present around our atmosphere. Air pollution   occurs when the air contains dust, fumes, odour and it can be harmful to the humans, animals and even plants. The substances that causes pollution is called as pollutants.

     Thus, it is the duty of all individuals to keep our air clean and fresh. Few of such ways are:

  1. Avoid burning woods, plastics, bottles, etc.,
  2. Avoid smoking
  3. Keep your surroundings and atmosphere clean
  4. Use air filters in your home

       Water is a colorless, odorless liquid which occupies most of the seas, lakes, ponds in the Earth. Around 71% of human body is made up of water. A human cannot survive long without water. Thus, water is a very important source for the living beings survival.

 

Water pollution:

                 Water in the lakes, ponds, rivers are often contaminated by the human activities. This is called as water pollution. Let’s check out the few ways to control the water pollution.

  1. Please to do not dispose any oil substances, ghee foods, chemical substances into the toilet or sinks at your houses.
  2. Do not flush pills, medicines, chemicals into your toilet.
  3. Use limited pesticides to your garden. Instead make use of environment safe liquids to your gardens.
  4. Do not make use of more detergents, soaps and powders while washing your clothes or dishes.

Weather:

         Weather is all around us all time. Weather controls our everyday life right from the food habits to

the types of clothes to wear. During winter season, we often see people wearing fur clothes, woolen

clothes, coats, jackets to keep themselves warm. Similarly, during summer people use to wear cotton

dresses to keep themselves cool throughout the whole day.

There are different types of weather such as stormy, windy, cloudy, hot, cold, rainy, foggy, snowy,

misty, etc., These are divided into following seasons such as

  • Autumn
  • Winter
  • Spring
  • Summer
  • Monsoon

Examples:

  1. We need ___ for breathing?

          Answer: Oxygen

  1. Rainwater flows down to ______

         Answer: River

  1. Name the elements that determine the weather of the place?

        Answer: Humidity, Wind speed, rainfall, Temperature and air pressure

 

  • Our Universe:

             This lesson covers the major topics such as solar system, nine planets, meteoroids, stars, galaxy, etc. Solar system is made up of sun and all the other smaller particles move around it. Apart from the sun, there are eight other planets which revolve in different orbits.

They are:

  • Mercury
  • Venus
  • Earth
  • Mars
  • Jupiter
  • Saturn
  • Uranus
  • Neptune

The Universe contains billions of galaxies, each containing billions of stars. The space between the galaxies and stars are extremely empty.

Examples:

  1. Is the Sun moving?

Answer: Yes. All the planets move around the sun and in turn the whole solar system (Sun at the centre) revolves around the centre of galaxy, milky way.

  1. What is the biggest planet in the universe?

Answer: Jupiter

 

  • Light and sound:

           Sound and light both travels as waves. Sound waves travel million times slower than the light waves. Light waves are capable of moving through an empty space whereas sound waves moves much slower than the light waves and can travel through any substance such as solid, liquid and gas.

Examples:

  1. What is a light?

          Answer: A form of energy that travels through in waves

  1. Why does not sound travel in a vacuum?

          Answer: There are no atoms to vibrate to carry the sound waves. Thus it needs a medium to travel.

 

  • People who help us:

       Different people do different jobs and provide numerous services to us. These people are called community helpers. Few examples of such community helpers are plumber, doctor, postman, farmer and many others. Thus, this lesson covers the services provided by them and the type of work carried out by them.

Examples:

  1. Who is a cobbler? What is his nature of work?

          A cobbler is a person who repairs shoes.

  1. Name any two instruments used by a carpenter?

         Answer: Driller, hammer

Thus, these are the topics which are covered under the syllabus of CBSE class 1 science stream.

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