JEE MAIN 2014 Syllabus

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

 Biomolecules

General introduction and importance of biomolecules.

CARBOHYDRATES – Classification: aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosacchorides (sucrose, lactose and maltose).

PROTEINS – Elementary Idea of ı – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides;

Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes.

VITAMINS – Classification and functions.

NUCLEIC ACIDS – Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA.

Biological functions of nucleic acids.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

 Polymers

General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization-addition and condensation, copolymerization;

Natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization; some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses – polythene, nylon, polyester and bakelite.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

 Organic  Compounds  Containing  Nitrogen

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses.

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character.

Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

Organic  Compounds  Containing  Oxygen

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses.

ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS

Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration.

Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, Reimer – Tiemann reaction.

Ethers: Structure.

Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group;Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as – Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives),

Grignard reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of ı – hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones.

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Acidic strength and factors affecting it.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

 Organic  Compounds  Containing  Halogens

General methods of preparation, properties and reactions; Nature of C-X bond;

Mechanisms of substitution reactions.

Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform & iodoform.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

 Hydrocarbons

Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties and reactions.

Alkanes – Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane);

Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes.

Alkenes – Geometrical isomerism; Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s and peroxide effect); Ozonolysis and polymerization.

Alkynes – Acidic character; Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides; Polymerization.

Aromatic hydrocarbons – Nomenclature, benzene – structure and aromaticity;

Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration, Friedel – Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

 Some  Basic  Principles  of  Organic  Chemistry

Tetravalency of carbon; Shapes of simple molecules – hybridization (s and p);

Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: – C = C – , – Ch C – and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur;

Homologous series; Isomerism – structural and stereoisomerism.

Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)

Covalent bond fission – Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles.

Electronic displacement in a covalent bond – Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

 Purification and Characterisation of  Organic  Compounds

• Purification – Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography – principles and their applications.
• Qualitative analysis – Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens.
• Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) – Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus.
• Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

 Environmental Chemistry

• Environmental pollution – Atmospheric, water and soil.
• Atmospheric pollution – Tropospheric and Stratospheric
• Tropospheric pollutants – Gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects and prevention; Green house effect and Global warming; Acid rain;
• Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful effects and prevention.
• Stratospheric pollution- Formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of ozone layer – its mechanism and effects.
• Water Pollution – Major pollutants such as, pathogens, organic wastes and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention.
• Soil pollution – Major pollutants such as: Pesticides (insecticides,. herbicides and fungicides), their harmful effects and prevention.
• Strategies to control environmental pollution.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

Co-Ordination Compounds

• Introduction to co-ordination compounds, Werner’s theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; Importance of co-ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems).

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

 d – and f – Block Elements

• Transition Elements
• General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first row transition elements – physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties and uses of K2 Cr2 O7 and KMnO4.
• Inner Transition Elements
• Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction.
• Actinoids – Electronic configuration and oxidation states.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

 P – Block Elements

• Group – 13 to Group 18 Elements

General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group.

Groupwise study of the p – block elements

• Group – 13

Preparation, properties and uses of boron and aluminium; properties of boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride and alums.

• Group – 14

Allotropes of carbon, tendency for catenation; Structure & properties of silicates, and zeolites.

• Group – 15

Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotrophic forms of phosphorus; Preparation, properties, structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and phosphorus halides, (PCl3, PCl5); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of phosphorus.

• Group – 16

Preparation, properties, structures and uses of ozone; Allotropic forms of sulphur; Preparation, properties, structures and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation); Structures of oxoacids of sulphur.

• Group – 17

Preparation, properties and uses of hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens.

• Group –18

Occurrence and uses of noble gases; Structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

 S – Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals)

Group – 1 and 2 Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships.

Preparation and properties of some important compounds – sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide; Industrial uses of lime, limestone, Plaster of Paris and cement; Biological significance of Na, K, Mg and Ca.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

 Hydrogen

Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; Structure, preparation, reactions and uses of hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen as a fuel.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

General Principles and Processes of  Isolation of  Metals

Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores; Steps involved in the extraction of metals – concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn and Fe; Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

 Classification of  Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity.

 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Surface Chemistry

Adsorption- Physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids – Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solutions.

Colloidal state – distinction among true solutions, colloids and suspensions, classification of colloids – lyophilic, lyophobic; multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties of colloids –

Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation and flocculation; Emulsions and their characteristics.

 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half – lives, effect of temperature on rate of reactions –
• Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).

 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions.

Eectrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivities and their variation with concentration:

Kohlrausch’s law and its applications.

Electrochemical cells – Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half – cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement; Nernst equation and its applications; Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs’ energy change; Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Equilibrium

Meaning of equilibrium, concept of dynamic equilibrium.

Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid -liquid, liquid – gas and solid – gas

equilibria, Henry’s law, general characterics of equilibrium involving physical processes.

Equilibria involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, significance of DG and DGo in chemical equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier’s principle.

Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Br??nsted – Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid – base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions.